Science 8: End of Semester Test: Science 8A

Identify the common use of each tool used by scientists.

*Tools that Magnify Objects- magnifying glass; binoculars; telescope; microscope *Tools that Don't Magnify Objects- thermometer; mass scale; stopwatch; ruler

This is the periodic table entry for iron is ___________________. The atomic number for iron is . The number of electrons in a neutral iron atom is_______________________ .

First blank: 26 Second blank: 26

A fossil of a sable antelope was observed in the topmost layer of soil. A fossil of a zebra was found below it. The bottom layer contained fossils of a blue antelope. This discovery tells us that____________________. The sable antelope is the_____________________________

First blank: blue antelopes existed before sable antelopes and zebras. Second blank: youngest fossils

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. How do the different spheres of Earth interact? Volcanic eruptions are natural phenomena in the____________________ . They sometimes erupt, spilling out lava and dust. The lava solidifies, forming new landmasses. Volcanoes can have an effect on the ______________________ when plants and animals are threatened by an eruption. Volcanic ash and gas can also pollute the _____________________, resulting in acid rain and other unfavorable weather patterns.

First blank: geosphere Second blank: biosphere Third blank: atmosphere

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Endangered species are a concern to conservationists because there's a risk that the animals won't be able to adapt to their environment. One main cause of the inability to adapt is______________________. Both natural forces and human activities cause the endangerment of species. One situation that can be caused by both nature and humans is___________________________.

First blank: low genetic diversity Second blank: forest fires

Classify the organisms based on whether they follow the Carnegie stages of development.

Follows Carnegie Stages- elephant; turtle Doesn't Follow Carnegie Stages- shrimp; octopus; moth

The ancestors of horses possessed feet with five digits. Over time, with the development of grasslands, the digits fused and formed hooves. What evolutionary advantage did this transformation serve? A. It allowed them to climb rocky surfaces with ease. B. It allowed them to graze better. C. It enabled them to run faster from predators. D. It let them see clearly through the grasslands. E. It made them taller.

It enabled them to run faster from predators.

Jay, Kip, and Tia are each measuring the concentration of a solution. They are doing experiments separately. They are all are using a colorimeter—a device used for measuring colors. Jay repeats the experiment five times and takes the average measurement, while Kip performs the experiment once. Tia repeats the experiment three times but chooses one of the measurements instead of the average. The measurements taken by ________________ are least likely to contain random errors.

Jay

______________________ is the most likely resource to be found near the base of a volcano on Earth's surface.

Metal Ore

Select all the correct answers. Which statements about the two fossil images are correct? Cave bears are ancestors of Plateosaurus. Plateosaurus were present on Earth before ostracoderms. Ostracoderms were the first to die. Plateosaurus died after the ostracoderms. Cave bears are the oldest fossils.

Ostracoderms were the first to die. Plateosaurus died after the ostracoderms.

Identify the model that represents a mixture of two compounds.

The last one

Tortoise shells and snail shells are similar in function: they protect the organism from predators. Based on a comparison of the organisms in the images, what can you conclude? Tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they're evolutionarily related. Tortoises and snails have homologous organs, and they belong to same species. Tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they belong to the same species. Tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they don't belong to the same species. Tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they aren't evolutionarily related.

There are 2 answers: one of them is: Tortoises and snails have analogous organs, and they don't belong to the same species.

Identify the trait that's dependent on genetics.

blonde hair

What are two disadvantages of GMO food? can make plants susceptible to a new disease is less nutritious than regular foods contains artificial food coloring and pesticides can suppress the occurrence of natural traits results in a lack of appetite

can make plants susceptible to a new disease can suppress the occurrence of natural traits

Arrange the organisms from fastest to slowest based on the time they'd take to complete the 20th Carnegie stage.

chicken, mouse, sheep, baboon, human

What kind of mutation does this image represent? A. deletion B. duplication C. insertion D. inversion E. substitution

deletion

The infections that people get while they are in hospitals are commonly resistant to multiple drugs. What is a reason for the increased number of drug-resistant bacteria being found in hospitals? A. increased use of antibiotics in hospitals B. increased number of diseases in patients C. decreased sanitation facilities in hospitals D. decreased microbial growth in hospitals

increased use of antibiotics in hospitals

A plant shows incomplete dominance in flower color. Red flowers are homozygous dominant, white flowers are homozygous recessive, and pink flowers are heterogeneous. Two heterogeneous plants reproduce. There is a _______________ percent chance that the offspring will have red flowers.

25

The image shows an earthquake occurring on the ocean floor. Identify the epicenter of the earthquake. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

5

The offspring of a black cat and a white cat is a gray cat. It has the genotype BW. B is black and W is white. If a black cat mates with a gray cat, the chance the offspring will be white is__________________ percent.

0

A plant has dominant and recessive traits for flower color. The dominant color is amethyst (A), and the recessive trait is white (a). Which Punnett square correctly shows two homozygous parents producing heterogeneous offspring? A. B. C. D. E

A

Which description is an example of codominance? A. A red flower and a white flower produce a pink flower. B. A black chicken and a white chicken produce speckled offspring. C. A white sheep and a black sheep produce a gray offspring. D. A person has type O blood. E. A person has black hair.

A black chicken and a white chicken produce speckled offspring.

This image shows different ways volcanoes can occur. Identify what the letters A through D represent in the image. magma underwater volcano hot spot volcano volcano from melted crust

A-hot spot volcano B-underwater volcano C-volcano from melted crust D-magma

There's a genetic variation in a particular species of mice. Black mice are better able to camouflage themselves from predators in their environment than tan mice are. Based on only this information, what can you conclude? A. All of the black mice will successfully reproduce. B. Mutations will occur in the offspring of the tan mice, making them black. C. Brown and tan genes will be equally split in the offspring. D. Black mice will have a better chance of successfully reaching reproductive age. E. All of the mice will have an equal chance of successfully reaching reproductive age.

Black mice will have a better chance of successfully reaching reproductive age.

Betty learned about embryology in her science class. At home, her brother Nathan noticed the human embryo and the fish embryo in her science notebook. He remarked that the embryos looked the same. How can this be true? Both embryos have pharyngeal arches. The fish embryo has evidence of lungs. The human embryo has scaly skin. Both embryos have fins. Both embryos have a notochord.

Both embryos have pharyngeal arches. Both embryos have a notochord

Mutations occur in different ways. Identify the method in which part of the chromosome reverses itself to form a new region.

C

Select all the correct answers. In the image, layer A is the topmost layer. Layer C contains fossils from the Precambrian era. Layer B contains dinosaur fossils, and layer A contains fossils of mammals. Which two statements are supported by this evidence? Mammals lived before the Precambrian era. Dinosaurs and mammals existed in the Precambrian era. Dinosaurs evolved after Precambrian organisms. Precambrian organisms evolved after dinosaurs. Precambrian organisms were the first life-forms to become fossilized, according to this sample.

Dinosaurs evolved after Precambrian organisms. Precambrian organisms were the first life-forms to become fossilized, according to this sample.

Snakes, dogs, and humans have a vertebral column. Snakes and dogs have tails, and humans have vestigial tailbones. Dogs and humans have limbs, but snakes do not. Most reptiles lay eggs, but a few give birth to live young. What do these structures suggest about the evolutionary pattern between the three organisms? Snakes and dogs are more closely related than snakes and humans. Snakes and humans are more closely related than humans and dogs. Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans. Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor. The early ancestor of snakes and dogs is the same, and the early ancestor of humans is different.

Dogs and humans are more closely related than snakes and humans. Dogs, snakes, and humans share a common ancestor.

Humans and monkeys share a close evolutionary relationship. Monkeys have tails, which help them balance. Humans have tailbones but no tails. What are the likely explanations for this situation? Monkeys and humans share a common ancestor. The tailbone became vestigial, and the tail disappeared because humans could balance on two legs. Grabbing things with their tails became difficult for humans, so their tails disappeared. Monkeys rely on their tails more than humans, so monkeys have tails while humans don't. Monkeys and humans don't share a common ancestor.

Monkeys and humans share a common ancestor. The tailbone became vestigial, and the tail disappeared because humans could balance on two legs.

Owl butterflies feed on mostly fruit, and owls feed on small animals. The images show an owl butterfly and an owl. How does the adaptation shown in the image improve the butterfly's chances of survival? The adaptation protects it from predators. The adaptation increases its ability to camouflage. The adaptation regulates homeostasis. The adaptation improves its chances of getting food. The adaptation allows it to reproduce.

The adaptation protects it from predators. The adaptation increases its ability to camouflage.

A seismograph has a heavy weight that is hung from a spring. What would happen if the weight were attached to a rod instead of a spring? The weight would not oscillate. The weight would oscillate. The pen would not make contact with the paper. The seismogram would not be accurate. The seismograph would not function.

There are two answers: One answer is: The seismogram would not be accurate.

The wooly mammoth and the modern-day elephant share a common ancestor. Mammoths were large mammals that lived in cold areas. They were protected by thick layers of fur. What adaptations enabled elephants to evolve and survive in today's climate? They don't have fur to regulate their body temperature. They have bigger ears to prevent overheating. They are more aggressive. They have a carnivorous diet. They know how to swim.

They don't have fur to regulate their body temperature. They have bigger ears to prevent overheating.

Which characteristics are drawbacks of the domestication of dogs? They're dependent on people for resources and often can't survive on their own. They can't mate with wolves, even though they're the same species. Inbreeding occurs in pedigrees, which increases their risk of disease. Those living with people have a shorter life span than stray dogs that don't have homes. They have higher genetic variation, which makes them less likely to survive in their environment.

They're dependent on people for resources and often can't survive on their own. Inbreeding occurs in pedigrees, which increases their risk of disease.

Joshua dissolved sugar in water to create a sugar solution. His friend Ray tells him it's a compound, but Joshua corrects him. Which words actually describe the sugar solution? gas liquid mixture solid

liquid mixture

Frogs have developed some adaptations to survive in their environment. Match the adaptations to the benefits. permeable skin that allows them to breathe underwater padded toes front part of the tongue attached to the mouth green body color for camouflage

movement-padded toes protection from predators -green body color for camouflage maintain homeostasis-permeable skin that allows them to breathe underwater obtain food-front part of the tongue attached to the mouth

A Kelvin (K) is a unit of measurement in the International System of Units. Which quantity is measured in Kelvin? A. temperature B. mass C. length D. electric current E. weight

temperature

What is energy? A. a change that appears in an object when force is applied B. the property of a body that gives it mass C. the amount of heat produced by a body D. the ability of an object to undergo change E. the ability of a body to move

the ability of an object to undergo change

Mechanical energy is the sum of an object's potential energy and kinetic energy. Consider the positions of this swinging pocket watch. At which positions will the potential energy be the highest? Assume the pendulum can swing forever (ignore friction).

the first and the last one

Identify which tortoise will survive in an ecosystem where the only vegetation available is higher than ground level.

the turtle with the longest neck