Science Chapter 13 - Directed Reading
Why does the compound formed by an ionic bond have a neutral charge when the ions that bond are charged?
It has a neutral charge because the ions are canceling each other out.
List three properties on ionic compounds within a crystal lattice.
It is arranged in a 3-D pattern, has a high melting point, brightness, and a high boiling point.
Which is most likely to form bonds, an atom with 8 valance electrons or an atom with less than 8 valence electrons?
Less that 8 valence electrons.
What allows valence electrons in metals to move throughout the metal?
The overlapping of the atom's energy and the charge, (positive or negative), of the atoms.
Which electrons in an atom make chemical bonds? Why?
The valence electrons.
When electrons pull away from atoms, ___________ is needed.
energy
family on the periodic table to which an element belongs
group
What is the relationship between diatomic molecules and diatomic elements? New one example of a diatomic element.
They are both drawn out by using the election dot diagram. An example of the diatomic element is Hydrochloric Acid (HCI)
People can use ___________ to discuss theories of how and why atoms form bonds.
electrons
If a sodium atom loses its only valance electron to another atom, the sodium atom becomes a sodium ________.
ion
A chemical bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another is a(n) ____________.
ionic bond
Charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons are ____________.
ions
The property of _________ means that the metal can be hammered into sheets.
malleability
A bond formed by that attraction between positively-charged metal ions and the electrons in the metal is a(n) _________________
metallic bond
An explanation of phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning is a(n) ___________.
electron
A sodium ion has a charge of ______________.
+1
Atoms of Group _____ elements give off the most energy when they gain an electron.
17
The symbol for oxide is 0²⁻. How many electrons did the oxygen atom gain?
2
How many valence electrons are in an oxygen atom?
6
What is the smallest particle into which covalent bonds can be divided?
A molecule
Why is an atom neutral?
An atom is neutral because it shares both a positive and negative charge equally.
Which of the following is an interaction that holds two atoms together? A. chemical hold B. chemical bond C. chemical interaction D. bond of chemicals
B. chemical bond
Why are ions charged particles and thus no longer neutral?
Because it can either lose or gain electrons depending on the charge it needs to be stable like noble gases.
How can atoms with fewer than 8 valance electrons fill their outermost energy level? Use either sulfur or magnesium to explain the process.
Because magnesium is a metal, it will give electrons
Why doesn't a piece of metal break when it is bent?
Because some of the metal ions are forced closer together.
Why is it uncommon for noble gases to form chemical bonds?
Because they have a full set of electrons in their outer shell.
Which of the following is NOT true about electrons when chemical bonds form? A. Electrons are shared. B. Electrons are lost. C. Electrons are destroyed. D. Electrons are gained.
C. Electrons are destroyed.
Which group on the periodic table contains elements that do not normally form chemical bonds?
Group 18
How can the periodic table help you determine the number of valence electrons?
It depends on the group.
The chemical symbol for a sodium ion is ___________.
NA⁺
Name two examples of complex molecules.
Soap and plastic bottles.
Where does the energy needed to take electrons from metals come from?
The formation of negative ions
Give an example of how metallic bonding allows metals to conduct electric current.
Turning on a lamp is a good example because it moves electrons within the copper wire that connects the lamp to the outlet
When does an ionic bond form between a metal and a nonmetal?
When a metal shares one or two electrons with a nonmetal to become stable.
When is energy given off by most nonmetals?
When they gain electrons
number of protons in an atom
atomic number
What usually consists of two or more atoms joined in a definite ratio?
bond
Who can you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
by the atomic number
The joining of atoms to form a new substance is called ___________.
chemical bonding
What is formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
covalent bond
When ions bond, they form a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a(n)
crystal lattice
A model that shows only the valence electrons in an atom is a(n) ___________.
dot diagram
What property gives metals the ability to be drawn into wires?
ductility
The outermost energy level of an atom is considered full if the level contains ___________ electrons.
eight
Some atoms gain electrons during chemical changes and have a _______________.
negative charge
What determines whether an atom will form bonds?
number of valance electrons
When atoms lost electrons through an ionic bond, they become ___________.
positively charged
A transfer of electrons between atoms changes the number of electrons in an atom, but the number of __________ stays the same.
protons
Which substance results from combining atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
sugar
Helium atoms only need _______ valence electrons to have a filled outermost energy level.
two
The first energy level of any atom can only hold __________ electrons.
two
What do elements within a group number have the same number of?
valance electrons
A a number of electrons in the outermost shell of a group of elements
valence electron
Most metals have few ___________ and form positive ions.
valence electrons
What ending is used for the names of negative ions?
⁻ion (letters are normally in italics)