Science Chapter 3 Test

Explain why sublimation and deposition are classified as physical changes.

A substance identity does not change during a sublimation or deposition.

What does the kinetic theory say about the motion of atoms?

All particles of matter are in constant motion.

Wind Velocity

Also known as wind speed. "The wind velocity during a hurricane is very high."

How does the arrangement of atoms in most solids differ from the arrangement of atoms in a liquid?

Atoms in solids have more orderly arrangement than atoms in liquids.

Pressure is measured with and in what?

Barometer & in mm Hg

How are shape and volume used to classify solids, liquids, and gases?

Based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.

Wind Velocity is measured with and in what?

Beaufort Wind Scale & in mph

What happens to the arrangement of water molecules as water melts and freezes?

Become less orderly as water melts and more orderly as water freezes.

Cloud Types

Cirrus-high&wispy Cumulus-poofy&cotton-ball Stratus-flat&layered Nimbus-rainy&stormy

Evaporation

Phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, at temperatures below the substance boiling point. "Evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid."

Vaporization

Phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. "The heat of vaporization varies from substance to substance."

Sublimation

Phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first. "When gas changes directly to water vapor it is called sublimation."

Atmospheric Pressure

Pressure exerted by the earth's atmosphere at any given point. "The atmospheric pressure was much greater than 3000 ft below sea level."

Precipitation

Rain,Hail,Snow,Sleet. "The precipitation outside today was snow."

Solid

State of matter in which it has both definite shape & volume. "The molecules in a solid are tightly packed, in a regular pattern."

Gas

State of matter in which it has no definite shape or volume. "The molecules in gases are well separated with no regular arrangements."

Solid Analogy

Students in a classroom, sitting at there desks are like a solid because there close together but in a orderly arrangement.

Liquid Analogy

Students moving around the classroom are like a liquid because closely packed together but not orderly arrangement.

Liquid

Takes the shape of its container, state of matter in which it has a definite volume. "The molecules in liquids are close together with no regular arrangements."

What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?

Temperature of a substance does not change.

Humidity

The amount of water vapor in the air. "Humidity is measured with a hygrometer."

Visibility

The distance one can see or be seen. "The visibility was not good due to the thick fog."

Temperature is measured with and in what?

Thermometer & in degrees F or C

Deposition

When gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing to a liquid. "Deposition causes frost to form on the windows."

6 Common Phase Changes

Melting, Freezing, Vaporization, Sublimation, Condensation, Deposition

Atmospheres

Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Earth

Condensation

Phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid. "Condensation forms morning dew on the blades of grass."

Phase Change

Occurs when substance changes from one state of matter to another. "Ice melting is a phase change, because it goes form a solid to a liquid."

Gas Analogy

Once the bell rings and students leave and spread around are like a gas because they are all spread out through the neighborhood.

Bad Weather

Low Pressure; if there is a valley of air above us, then the pressure is low.

Temperature

Measurement of the warmth or coldness of an object or the substance. "The temperature outside today is very hot."

How is gas able to fill a container of any size or shape?

Constant motion of particles in a gas allows it.

Kinetic Energy

Energy an object has due to its motion. "The kinetic energy of a baseball depends on its speed."

How does the energy of a system change during a phase change?

Energy is either absorbed or released.

What is the difference of evaporation and boiling?

Evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid and occurs at temperatures below the boiling point.

Good Weather

High Pressure; if there is a mountain of air above us, then the pressure is high.

Humidity is measured with and in what?

Hygrometer & in percents