Science Unit 1: All Quizzes
An ongoing series of fission reaction is called a(n) _____. transmutation nuclear fusion chain reaction critical mass
chain reaction
H2O
compound
The amount of fissionable material required so that each fission reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction is a(n) _____. chain reaction half-life critical mass atomic mass
critical mass
unit of radiation
curie
Thermal effects refers to the _____. burning of fossil fuels use of heated water for irrigation removal of heat by cooling towers effect heat has on a body of water
effect heat has on a body of water
e
electron
negative charge
electron
negatively charged particles
electron (beta)
Ca
element
decaying nuclei
fission
nuclear decay
fission
What type of nuclear reaction produces a nucleus with a larger mass from nuclei of lower masses?
fusion
builds heavier elements
fusion
nuclear synthesis
fusion
γ
gamma
not affected by a magnet
gamma ray
free to move in all space
gas
occupies the whole container
gas
Which phase(s) of matter has/have a variable volume? solid only liquid only liquid and gas gas and plasma
gas and plasma
Beta particles cannot penetrate very far into solids because they _____. have low velocity have negligible mass have no mass are confined to orbits
have negligible mass
What are the major problems associated with the production of nuclear energy? air pollution depletes natural resources hazardous wastes potential reactor accident water pollution
hazardous wastes potential reactor accident
flows freely but particles still attract
liquid
E = mc2
mass-energy relationship
β
negatively charged radioactive particle
1/0 η
neutron
neutral charge
neutron
η
neutron
The atomic mass of an element is equal to the _____. atomic number number of protons number of protons and neutrons mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons
number of protons and neutrons
detects radiation
photographic film
The two greatest reasons for the increasing demand for power are: reduced efficiency in appliances population growth relaxation of government regulations increased consumption reduced resources global warming hole in ozone layer
population growth increased consumption
positive charge
proton
positively charged particles
proton
The atomic weight of an element is equal to the number of _____. protons protons plus neutrons protons plus electrons neutrons
protons plus neutrons
Henri Becquerel is credited with the discovery of _____. radium radioactivity uranium atoms photographic film
radioactivity
The stability of an atom is determined by the _____. strength of its gamma rays ratio of neutrons to protons number of electrons in the outer shell attraction between neutrons and electrons
ratio of neutrons to protons
The standard unit of radiation related to biologic hazard is known as the __________.
roentgen
atoms nearly fixed in space
solid
fixed shape
solid
Medical diagnosis and ________ are common uses of radioactive elements in health care.
treatment
Most of the high-level hazardous radiation associated with nuclear energy is the result of: waste materials mining and transportation of radioactive fuels radiation emissions from nuclear sites all of the above
waste materials
How many neutrons are in Uranium-242? 92 147 146 150
150
The mass of oxygen is
16.00
How many protons are in Cesium-135? 35 55 80 195
55
How many neutrons are in Cesium-130? 55 75 130 185
75
The atomic number of gold is
79
What do the following gases have in common? Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe All have the same number of electron shells. All have 8 electrons in their outer orbit All have the same atomic weight All have the same atomic number.
All have 8 electrons in their outer orbit
discovered radioactivity
Becquerel
The Nobel prize winning Italian scientist who pioneered nuclear reaction was _____. Henri Becquerel Marie Curie Enrico Fermi
Enrico Fermi
A working nuclear reactor is a very simple energy conversion device. True False
False
first nuclear reactor
Fermi
The instrument which is commonly used to measure the intensity of radioactivity is called the ________ .
Geiger counter
measures intensity of radiation
Geiger counter
What is the significance of Einstein's famous equation E = mc2? Energy is not related to mass. Mass can be destroyed. Energy can be destroyed. Mass and energy can convert to one another.
Mass and energy can convert to one another.
In 1986, Chernobyl, a nuclear facility, was the site of a major nuclear accident in what country?
Russia
Which of the following statements is true? Dalton believed atoms were made mostly of empty space. Plasmas have a net negative charge. The number of protons in an element is always equal to the number of neutrons. Solids have a fixed mass, volume, and shape.
Solids have a fixed mass, volume, and shape.
Identify the element by its symbol and name after looking at the element model pictured below.
Symbol: He Name: Helium
Identify the element by its symbol and name after looking at the element model pictured below.
Symbol: Na Name: Sodium
What did Fermi mean when he said, "The reaction is self-sustaining"? The nuclear reaction was out of control. The nuclear reaction could be controlled and maintained. A spontaneous chain reaction had been accomplished. The reaction reached critical mass.
The nuclear reaction could be controlled and maintained.
A gamma ray primarily consists of pure energy and no mass. True False
True
All phases of matter may have a fixed (definite) mass. True False
True
All the matter in the universe was created by God and is preserved and kept in order by Him. True False
True
Gas molecules are attracted to one another weakly. True False
True
It is possible for a particular element to have various numbers of neutrons. True False
True
The cataclysm of Noah's flood produced worldwide, rapid, large-scale movement of the earth's crust. True False
True
An isotope of an element has _____. more protons less protons a different atomic mass the same number of neutrons
a different atomic mass
Positrons _____. have a positive charge are similar to electrons were discovered by Carl Anderson all of the above none of the above
all of the above
What is meant by radioactivity? high-energy subatomic particles disintegration of the nucleus unstable atoms all of the above
all of the above
α
alpha
helium nucleus
alpha particles
smallest particle to retain characteristics
atom
number of protons in nucleus
atomic number
proton number
atomic number
number of neutrons and protons
atomic weight
protons plus neutrons
atomic weight
ρ+η
atomic weight
mostly space
atoms
The type of radiation which is identical to a high energy electron is known as a(n) _____________ .
beta
β
beta