Science Unit 1: All Quizzes

An ongoing series of fission reaction is called a(n) _____. transmutation nuclear fusion chain reaction critical mass

chain reaction

H2O

compound

The amount of fissionable material required so that each fission reaction produces approximately one more fission reaction is a(n) _____. chain reaction half-life critical mass atomic mass

critical mass

unit of radiation

curie

Thermal effects refers to the _____. burning of fossil fuels use of heated water for irrigation removal of heat by cooling towers effect heat has on a body of water

effect heat has on a body of water

e

electron

negative charge

electron

negatively charged particles

electron (beta)

Ca

element

decaying nuclei

fission

nuclear decay

fission

What type of nuclear reaction produces a nucleus with a larger mass from nuclei of lower masses?

fusion

builds heavier elements

fusion

nuclear synthesis

fusion

γ

gamma

not affected by a magnet

gamma ray

free to move in all space

gas

occupies the whole container

gas

Which phase(s) of matter has/have a variable volume? solid only liquid only liquid and gas gas and plasma

gas and plasma

Beta particles cannot penetrate very far into solids because they _____. have low velocity have negligible mass have no mass are confined to orbits

have negligible mass

What are the major problems associated with the production of nuclear energy? air pollution depletes natural resources hazardous wastes potential reactor accident water pollution

hazardous wastes potential reactor accident

flows freely but particles still attract

liquid

E = mc2

mass-energy relationship

β

negatively charged radioactive particle

1/0 η

neutron

neutral charge

neutron

η

neutron

The atomic mass of an element is equal to the _____. atomic number number of protons number of protons and neutrons mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons

number of protons and neutrons

detects radiation

photographic film

The two greatest reasons for the increasing demand for power are: reduced efficiency in appliances population growth relaxation of government regulations increased consumption reduced resources global warming hole in ozone layer

population growth increased consumption

positive charge

proton

positively charged particles

proton

The atomic weight of an element is equal to the number of _____. protons protons plus neutrons protons plus electrons neutrons

protons plus neutrons

Henri Becquerel is credited with the discovery of _____. radium radioactivity uranium atoms photographic film

radioactivity

The stability of an atom is determined by the _____. strength of its gamma rays ratio of neutrons to protons number of electrons in the outer shell attraction between neutrons and electrons

ratio of neutrons to protons

The standard unit of radiation related to biologic hazard is known as the __________.

roentgen

atoms nearly fixed in space

solid

fixed shape

solid

Medical diagnosis and ________ are common uses of radioactive elements in health care.

treatment

Most of the high-level hazardous radiation associated with nuclear energy is the result of: waste materials mining and transportation of radioactive fuels radiation emissions from nuclear sites all of the above

waste materials

How many neutrons are in Uranium-242? 92 147 146 150

150

The mass of oxygen is

16.00

How many protons are in Cesium-135? 35 55 80 195

55

How many neutrons are in Cesium-130? 55 75 130 185

75

The atomic number of gold is

79

What do the following gases have in common? Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe All have the same number of electron shells. All have 8 electrons in their outer orbit All have the same atomic weight All have the same atomic number.

All have 8 electrons in their outer orbit

discovered radioactivity

Becquerel

The Nobel prize winning Italian scientist who pioneered nuclear reaction was _____. Henri Becquerel Marie Curie Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi

A working nuclear reactor is a very simple energy conversion device. True False

False

first nuclear reactor

Fermi

The instrument which is commonly used to measure the intensity of radioactivity is called the ________ .

Geiger counter

measures intensity of radiation

Geiger counter

What is the significance of Einstein's famous equation E = mc2? Energy is not related to mass. Mass can be destroyed. Energy can be destroyed. Mass and energy can convert to one another.

Mass and energy can convert to one another.

In 1986, Chernobyl, a nuclear facility, was the site of a major nuclear accident in what country?

Russia

Which of the following statements is true? Dalton believed atoms were made mostly of empty space. Plasmas have a net negative charge. The number of protons in an element is always equal to the number of neutrons. Solids have a fixed mass, volume, and shape.

Solids have a fixed mass, volume, and shape.

Identify the element by its symbol and name after looking at the element model pictured below.

Symbol: He Name: Helium

Identify the element by its symbol and name after looking at the element model pictured below.

Symbol: Na Name: Sodium

What did Fermi mean when he said, "The reaction is self-sustaining"? The nuclear reaction was out of control. The nuclear reaction could be controlled and maintained. A spontaneous chain reaction had been accomplished. The reaction reached critical mass.

The nuclear reaction could be controlled and maintained.

A gamma ray primarily consists of pure energy and no mass. True False

True

All phases of matter may have a fixed (definite) mass. True False

True

All the matter in the universe was created by God and is preserved and kept in order by Him. True False

True

Gas molecules are attracted to one another weakly. True False

True

It is possible for a particular element to have various numbers of neutrons. True False

True

The cataclysm of Noah's flood produced worldwide, rapid, large-scale movement of the earth's crust. True False

True

An isotope of an element has _____. more protons less protons a different atomic mass the same number of neutrons

a different atomic mass

Positrons _____. have a positive charge are similar to electrons were discovered by Carl Anderson all of the above none of the above

all of the above

What is meant by radioactivity? high-energy subatomic particles disintegration of the nucleus unstable atoms all of the above

all of the above

α

alpha

helium nucleus

alpha particles

smallest particle to retain characteristics

atom

number of protons in nucleus

atomic number

proton number

atomic number

number of neutrons and protons

atomic weight

protons plus neutrons

atomic weight

ρ+η

atomic weight

mostly space

atoms

The type of radiation which is identical to a high energy electron is known as a(n) _____________ .

beta

β

beta