section 13 anthro
Humankind's repertoire of body language is enormous. We are capable of making more than _____ facial expressions.
7,000
Approximately how many adults worldwide cannot read or write?
775 million
Professor Greymorning worked on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming to help revitalize which Native American language?
Arapaho
In the 1930s and '40s, Edward Sapir and _____investigated the idea that language, by providing habitual grooves of expression, predisposes people to see the world in a certain way
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Edward Hall designated four categories of proxemically relevant spaces. Which of the following is incorrect?
Conventional (7-10 feet)
Which of the following statements about kinesics is correct?
Cross-cultural research indicates that the body language used when people are greeting each other is similar all over the world.
Which of the following statements about the English language is incorrect?
English has historically suffered a narrowing and loss of meaning.
All languages recognize a stable set of colors.
False
Anthropologists predict that by the year 2100, there will only be about 100 languages in the world.
False
Anthropologists believe there is a cultural value in preserving languages.
True
Arapaho is a Native American indigenous language.
True
Descriptive linguistics of the analysis of a language and its component parts.
True
Ethnolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the cultural setting in which it is used.
True
Humans are programmed for language.
True
It takes many years of practice for people to master the muscular movements needed to produce the precise sounds of any particular language.
True
Lakota is a language that uses gendered speech.
True
Over the past 500 years, about half of the world's 12,000 languages have become extinct.
True
Passive bilingualism is when someone comprehends more than one language but is only able to express him/herself in one of them.
True
The earliest known alphabet was Egyptian hieroglyphics about 5,000 years ago.
True
The mobile phone is a fast method of communicating, even in remote rural areas of the world.
True
Which of the following would be an acceptable research topic in the field of historical linguistics?
Whether or not the speakers of Apache and Navajo once spoke a common language
Which of the following is a traditional telecommunication system?
Whistled speech
Which of the following is not a signal?
Winking from pleasure
Which of the following statements is not an example of linguistic nationalism?
You are a Spanish-speaking person in the U.S., but want your children to use English so they will fit in more easily with the surrounding society.
A series of symbols representing sounds of a language arranged in a traditional order is called a
alphabet
A Scottish butler in an English mansion says to the lady of the house, "You may wish to stay inside today, Madam; it's quite cold outside." But when he goes back to his own cottage he is likely to say to his wife in broad Scots, "Shut the door and get inside, Maggie, you'll freeze your buns off." In linguistics, this is an example of:
code switching.
The entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about its meaningful units of sounds and the rules or principles of making phrases and sentences is called its:
grammar
A system of communication using sounds, gestures, or marks that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of share rules is called a
language.
The central and most highly developed human system of communication is:
language.
The development of different languages from a single ancestral language is called:
linguistic divergence.
When countries react to a real or perceived threat of foreign cultural dominance by purging foreign words from the language, it is an example of:
linguistic nationalism.
While the phonologist is making an inventory of permissible sounds in a language, the _____ is deciphering the groups or combinations of sounds that have meaning, or that are actually used to convey information.
morphologist
Displacement refers to the concept of being able to refer to things that are:
not there.
Chantek is a
orangutan
The systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language is called:
phonetics.
The influence of a person's class status on what pronunciation he/she uses, a speaker's choice of more complicated vocabulary and grammar when he/she is speaking to a professional audience, and the influence of language on culture are all concerns of:
sociolinguistics.
A language family is a group of languages:
that are descended from a single ancestral language.
A language in which the sound pitch of a spoken word is an essential part of its pronunciation and meaning is called a:
tonal language.
Paralanguage includes not only the way that people say things but also a variety of extralinguistic noises called:
vocalizations.
Chantek was able to do all of the following except:
communicate through verbal words.
The term _____ is usually used to refer to varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible.
dialect
Although language may be studied as an independent system, it is also important to look at in terms of what it tells us about society and culture. Whatever its phonemes, syntax, and history, language is a dynamic, adaptive system that facilitates the speaker's survival and gives clues about what is significant in his/her life. When we focus on the relationship between language and culture of those who speak it and how they inform each other, we are doing:
ethnolinguistics
Native speakers of the Lakota language were amused when they saw the movie Dances with Wolves because the:
language was all female oriented.
The American anthropologist Edward Sapir and his student, Benjamin Whorf, drawing on his experience with the language of the Hopi Indians, developed a full-fledged theory now known as the theory of:
linguistic relativity.
Phonology is the:
study of language sounds.
The number of mobile cellular users worldwide in early 2016 is nearly:
3.8 billion.
Approximately how many languages are spoken today?
6,000
Chantek was a gorilla who learned American Sign Language.
False
Code switching refers to the tendency of people who speak more than one language to confuse which language they are currently speaking in as they converse with others.
False
Edward Sapir is the first anthropologist to do research in proxemics.
False
English is a tonal language.
False
Linguistic nationalism refers to the establishment of a nation where everyone speaks only one language.
False
The study of language sounds is grammar.
False
The study of nonverbal signals is called proxemics.
False
What are the long-term goals of the Chantek Project?
For Chantek and other enculturated apes to live in culture-based preserves instead of zoos or research centers.
Which of the following are of greatest importance in human speech?
Larynx and epiglottis
Most of the alphabets in use today descended from the:
Phoenicians
_____ is the cross-cultural study of humankind's perception and use of space.
Proxemics
The roots of linguistics, the modern scientific study of language, go back a long way to the works of ancient grammarians in _____, more than 2,000 years ago.
South Asia