Section 7: System Development Life Cycle
Waterfall Model
A series of steps in which a software system trickles down from analysis to design to implementation.
ISO/EIC 15504
A set of standards developed jointly by the ISO & IEC
Which type of systems testing includes having developers test internal structures of software?
Beta
ISO 9000 series of standards
Address industrial activities such as design, production, installation, and servicing.
Mei and her team write the code for a new application. Which phase of the software development life cycle does this describe?
Implementation
Mei and her team analyze the needs of the users of their new software application. Which phase of the software development life cycle does this describe
Requirements Analysis
3 step development process
Requirements analysis and confirmation Design and validation Implementation and testing
Agile Methods
System development methodologies that propose incremental implementations, respond to rapidly changing requirements, and reduce the emphasis on rigorous requirements.
Alpha Testing
The first stage, developers and/or an internal UX team test a preliminary version of the software, providing feedback about performance and functionality.
incremental model
The system is constructed in increments. The first increment is a simplified version of the final product. As tests are completed, more features are added and tested incrementally until the system is complete.
SCRUM Steps
The system owner makes a prioritized wish list. The scrum team selects an item toward the top of the wish list and plans the implementation during an event called "sprint." The team completes the list of objectives while assessing progress in daily meetings called scrums. The sprint ends with the system ready to be released. A new sprint starts, using another item on the wish list. This process continues until the prioritized wish list is clear.
What is the purpose of a business continuity plan?
To enable an organization to continue offering critical services in the event of disruptions
user documentation
User documentation explains the system to users and may include information such as how to access certain features, frequently asked questions (FAQs), and contact information for customer support.
Technical documentation
describes how to install and maintain the system, including information about installing updates and providing feedback to the development team.
System documentation
describes the system's internal configuration so the system can be maintained later in its life cycle
Basic Path Testing
develops a set of test data that ensures each instruction in the software is executed at least once
Data mirroring
involves setting up the operating system to simultaneously write copies of the data on several storage devices
cold storage
offers less frequent access and is maintained on minimal equipment that is considered lower performance. Returning to normal operations after a disaster is slower with cold storage. Some examples of cold storage include tape backup, offline cloud storage, and even some online services such as Amazon Glacier and Google Coldline. One significant advantage of cold storage, however, is that it is less expensive than hot storage.
Testing
primarily the process of checking systems and confirming that the final product was compatible with the system requirement specification.
disaster recovery plan
rely on solutions to ensure that systems can recover from catastrophic events in a reasonable amount of time with minimal data loss.
Extreme Programming (XP)
systems are developed by a team of fewer than a dozen individuals working in a communal workspace, where they freely share ideas and assist each other in the development project.
Beta testing (2nd stage)
the next version of the system is given to a segment of end users for similar testing from their perspective before the final version is released.
user acceptance testing (Final stage)
the users test the system in an operational setting to make sure the system continues to align with business objectives and meet the goals of the stakeholders.
three types of system documentation:
user documentation, system documentation, and technical documentation
Open-source model
Applications are developed and shared to be downloaded, used, and updated by a local or even global community of enthusiasts.
A ____________ plan specifies how the business will keep providing products and services and generate revenue after an event.
Business Continuity
Mei and her team draw the class diagrams for a new application. Which phase of the software development life cycle does this describe?
Design
A _____________ plan specifies how a business will resume after an event to continue its operations.
Disaster Recovery
Hot Storage
allows organizations the quickest access to restore critical data in the event of a disaster or catastrophe. Hot storage solutions typically involve the latest and greatest storage equipment and the fastest protocols. In addition, hot storage is typically located close to the client or in multiple locations to ensure fast access. Some hot data storage solutions include Microsoft's Azure Hot Blobs and Amazon's AWS service, but these premium solutions can be quite expensive because of the high-performing resources and protocols involved.
Methodologies that fall within the black-box category
alpha, beta, and user acceptance testing.
Pareto Principle
based on the theory that 80% of errors come from 20% of the system, meaning most errors can be identified by testing carefully selected groups of samples.
Prototyping
building and evaluating basic versions of a proposed system