Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 15
Match the structure with the appropriate description: sty
an inflamed ciliary gland
Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebrae
another name for the eyelids
Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebral fissure
the space between the two eyelids
Match the structure with the appropriate description: middle ear
air-filled space within the temporal bone
125. The semicircular canals
allow a person to detect movement in all directions.
194. The point where light rays cross after passing through a concave lens is referred to as the _____.
focal point
62. The lens
focuses light on the retina.
17. The most sensitive taste buds are found in _____ papillae.
foliate
46. The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because
it is easy to access and is a vascular.
33. The blink reflex is designed to
keep the eyes moist.
58. The ________ separates the posterior chamber from the vitreous chamber.
lens
64. Light refracts as it passes through the
lens, cornea and humors of the eye.
89. Which of the following situations would have the greatest affect on depth perception?
losing one eye in an accident
Match the description with its correct name: macular degeneration
loss of acute central vision
87. Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex could result in which of the following visual changes?
loss of right visual fields from both eyes
Match the structure with the appropriate description: Meibomian glands
lubricate the eyelid
130. Oscillation of the eyes during the tracking of something in motion is called
nystagmus.
42. The outermost tunic of the eyeball is the
sclera.
185. Visceral and emotional reactions to odors is a function of the:
secondary olfactory area in the frontal lobe
85. The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve.
59. Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor?
refraction of light rays
Match the structure with the appropriate description: mitral cell
relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the olfactory bulb
101. Sensory receptors for balance are found in the
semicircular canals.
120. The superior olivary nucleus
sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: pupil
the opening in the iris
Match the structure with the appropriate description: external ear
the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this
Match the structure with the appropriate description: fovea centralis
the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity
Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic tract
the route of the ganglionic axons beyond the chiasma
9. The receptor cells for which of the following special senses are bipolar neurons?
smell
119. More sound volume is perceived when
sound wave amplitude increases.
37. The lacrimal glands
constantly produce a fluid called tears.
199. Which of the following correctly differentiates endolymph and perilymph?
-Endolymph has a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of sodium compared to perilymph. -Endolymph is within the membranous labyrinth and perilymph is between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth.
86. Arrange the following events in correct sequence.
-bright light is shone into the eye -retinal cells generate action potential -optic nerve conducts action potential to CNS -visual cortex translates action potential -person becomes aware of the information obtained by CNS
202. Identify the structures that receive axons from the vestibular nucleus of medulla.
-cerebellum -extrinsic eye muscles -thalamus
121. Arrange the following parts of the neuronal pathway for hearing in the correct sequence.
-cochlear nucleus -superior olivary nucleus - inferior colliculus -medial geniculate nucleus - auditory cortex
112. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they vibrate when a sound wave enters the ear.
-eardrum -ossicles -oval window - perilymph -endolymph
22. Arrange the following in correct sequence:
-food substance dissolves in saliva -food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair -gustatory cell depolarizes -neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell -action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons
116. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they would vibrate as a result of the tympanic membrane vibrating.
-ossicles -oval window - perilymph -vestibular membrane and endolymph -basilar membrane
203. Select components of the neuronal pathway for balance.
-thalamus -vestibular nucleus -vestibulocochlear nerve
115. Arrange the following list of membranes in correct sequence.
-tympanic membrane -vestibular membrane -basilar membrane -tectorial membrane
131. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on sense organs?
A large loss in the ability to detect odors.
190. What is a tastant?
A substance dissolved in saliva that causes taste cells to depolarize.
Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Sweet
Activation of a G protein leading to activation of cAMP and the closure of K+ channels
Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Gluamate
Activation of a G protein leading to activation of cAMP and the influx of extracellular Ca++
Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Bitter
Activation of a G protein leading to the activation of phospholipase C and the release of intracellular Ca++
12. What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons?
Both Na+ and Ca2+
7. Which of the following statements is true?
Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.
T/F 84. The photoreceptors in the photoreceptor layer of the retina face the vitreous chamber.
FALSE
11. What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs?
G protein
67. Amanda has no visual impairments, but has noticed that in order to see clearly she must hold books farther from her face in order to read. What is happening to Amanda's vision?
Her lens is becoming more rigid with age.
Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Sour
Hydrogen ions promote depolarization
109. As a stereocilium bends, the tip link pulls ______ gates open.
K+
2. Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help to identify an odor?
More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.
82. Which of the following is false?
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Salt
Na+ diffuses through ion channels resulting in depolarization
192. The taste of salts results when ____ diffuses through channels leading to depolarization of the taste cell. Similarly, sour is tasted when ______ lead(s) to the depolarization of taste cells.
Na+, H+
193. How does the avascular cornea acquire oxygen?
Oxygen diffuses from the atmosphere to the cornea.
19. Which of the following statements is false?
Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high.
189. True or false: Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become saturated.
TRUE
197. True or false: Binocular vision gives one depth perception which is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects.
TRUE
198. True or False: The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.
TRUE
T/F 102. Damage to the chorda tympani in the right ear could result in loss of taste on the right anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
TRUE
39. Why does a person's nose run when he cries?
Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.
104. Which of the following is true?
The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus.
196. What is the near point of vision?
The closest point at which an object can be held and seen without appearing blurred.
201. What is the function of the inner hair cells?
The inner hair cells are responsible for hearing.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: vitreous humor
a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye
74. Night blindness could be caused by
a lack of rhodopsin.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: iris
a pigmented contractile structure
44. Increased fluid accumulation in the cornea would result in
a scattering of light rays.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: macula
a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina
Match the description with its correct name: astigmatism
a type of refractory error
114. The round window
acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory cortex
area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate
Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic chiasma
area where medial ganglion cell axons cross over
127. Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of
balance.
3. In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons, it must
be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium.
117. Cochlear neurons are stimulated by
bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.
4. You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium?
bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane
25. Which type of taste has the lowest threshold?
bitter
28. Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization?
bitter - K+
Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic disc
blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here
35. The transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior white surface of the eye is the
bulbar conjunctiva.
18. Taste buds
can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.
Match the description with its correct name: cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye
Auditory impulses are transmitted by the _____ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
cochlear
129. Mechanical deficiency in transmission of sound waves to the spiral organ is
conduction hearing loss.
36. Pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the
conjunctiva.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: membranous labyrinth
connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph
Match the description with the most appropriate structure: auditory tube
connects the middle ear to the pharynx
48. The ciliary body
consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes.
55. The optic disc
contains no photoreceptor cells.
43. The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the
cornea.
92. Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia?
corrected by "minus" lenses
111. The direction from which a sound is coming can be determined by the
differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear.
81. Humans are able to distinguish several million shades of color because
different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light.
Match the description with its correct name: myopia
difficulty seeing distant objects
124. Otoliths can break off and float inside the inner ear. What might happen if the otoliths settle on top of the hair cells?
dizziness and inability to balance oneself
Match the structure with the appropriate description: tympanic membrane
eardrum
Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory vesicle
enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons
Match the description with the most appropriate structure: perilymph
fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth
Match the description with the most appropriate structure: endolymph
fluid in the membranous labyrinth
98. The auditory tube
equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
31. Palpebrae is another name for the
eyelids.
32. Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This would be an increase in the distance between the
eyelids.
23. You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve.
facial (VII)
21. Following a stroke, Harriet has impaired sense of taste on one side of the tip of her tongue, indicating the part of her brain that was affected must communicate with the
facial nerve.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory tract
fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex
15. Sensory structures that detect taste are
filiform
16. Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae.
filiform
Match the structure with the appropriate description: auricle
fleshy portion of the external ear
53. The area of greatest visual acuity is the
fovea centralis.
26. The sense of taste is called
gustation.
71. Albinism in which there is an absence of melanin pigment would affect the individual's ability to
have high levels of visual acuity and prevent scattering of light inside the eye.
94. Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of
hearing and balance.
99. Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include
hearing impairment.
60. Vitreous humor
helps to hold the lens and retina in place.
75. Rods, a type of photoreceptor cell, respond to light (stimulus) by
hyperpolarizing.
83. The photoreceptor cells are located
in the photoreceptive layer of the retina.
Match the description with its correct name: glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure that can lead to loss of vision
51. Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle?
inferior oblique muscle
Match the structure with the appropriate description: conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
61. Glaucoma can result from
inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.
96. Which portion of the ear contains the sense organs for hearing and balance?
inner ear
45. The cornea
is part of the focusing system of the eye.
200. Identify the type of hair cells of the spiral organ that are responsible for hearing.
inner hair cells
Match the structure with the appropriate description: bony labyrinth
interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone
47. Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic?
iris
63. Which of the following is correctly matched?
iris - sphincter pupillae
49. The contractile structure that surrounds the pupil is the
iris.
57. The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are separated by the
iris.
79. Color vision
is a function of cone cells.
93. Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
malleus
27. Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in taste buds?
mitral cells
195. In normal near vision light is refracted _____ than in distant vision, thus the lens is _____.
more; rounded
123. The position of the head with respect to gravity is determined by the
movements of otoliths in response to gravity.
186. The conscious perception of smell is a function of the:
olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe
1. Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain:
olfactory epithelium olfactory bulb olfactory tract olfactory cortex
188. Most neurons are permanent cells, however _____ are neurons that are constantly being replaced.
olfactory neurons
Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic foramen
opening in the orbit through which the optic nerve passes
41. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles?
optic
72. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina?
optic chiasm
54. Blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the
optic disc.
88. A person loses all vision in their left eye. One possible cause could be damage to the
optic nerve in the left eye.
80. To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive?
red, blue, and green
107. The sensory cells for hearing are located in the
organ of Corti or spiral organ.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: organ of Corti
organ of hearing
Match the description with the most appropriate structure: oval window
ossicles connect this structure to eardrum
103. Which of the following sequences is correct?
oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli
30. Which of the following structures is considered to be an accessory structure of the eye?
palpebrae
29. The taste cortex is located in the ________ lobe.
parietal
Match the structure with the appropriate description: inner ear: auricle
part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing
Match the structure with the appropriate description: external auditory meatus
passageway from the outside to the eardrum
Match the structure with the appropriate description: rods
photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision
Match the structure with the appropriate description: cones
photoreceptor cells that function in color vision
90. The age-associated changes that result in loss of accommodation of the eyes is called
presbyopia.
113. The attenuation reflex
prevents damage to delicate ear structures.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: eyebrows
protect the eye from falling objects
6. The medial olfactory area
provides emotional reactions to odors.
78. Light and dark adaptation involves
pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.
20. To which of the following substances would the taste buds be most sensitive?
quinine (tonic) water
110. Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds?
resonance quality
56. The only place in the body where blood vessels can be viewed directly is the
retina.
76. When rhodopsin is exposed to light,
retinal separates from opsin.
52. Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina?
rods and cones
73. Rhodopsin is found in the
rods.
187. Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become _____.
saturated
91. What eye layer is referred to in the "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"?
sclera
70. The main factor affecting depth of focus is the
size of the pupil.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: lacrimal canaliculi
small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac
10. Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment?
smell
182. Olfaction is the sense of _______.
smell
183. Identify the only major sense that does not pass through the thalamus as it is relayed to the cerebral cortex.
smell
8. Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus?
smell
50. In bright sunlight, the pupil of your eye constricts and contracts the
sphincter pupillae.
122. The utricle and saccule are involved in
static balance.
Match the description with the most appropriate structure: ceruminous glands
structures that produce earwax
34. An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called a
sty.
105. Which of the following is part of the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?
tectorial membrane
184. The primary olfactory cortex is located in the ______ lobe.
temporal
14. The olfactory cortex is located in the _____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located in the ___ lobe.
temporal, frontal
95. The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________lobe from the _________nerve.
temporal; vestibulocochlear
Match the structure with the appropriate description: canthi
the angle where the eyelids join
Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebral conjunctiva
the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids
Match the structure with the appropriate description: visual field
the area that can be seen with the eyes open
Match the structure with the appropriate description: visual cortex
the cerebral area that integrates messages from retina
65. For distant vision,
the ciliary muscles are relaxed.
66. To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,
the ciliary muscles must contract.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory bulb
the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves
69. As an object moves closer to the eye,
the eyes rotate medially.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: aqueous humor
the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye
Match the structure with the appropriate description: retina
the innermost tunic of the eye
5. The ability of the olfactory system to adapt to a particular odor may involve
the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb.
68. When you try to focus on the tip of your nose,
the lens becomes more spherical.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: bulbar conjunctiva
the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye
128. A ringing in the ears is considered
tinnitus.
Match the structure with the appropriate description: auditory ossicles
tiny bones in the middle ear
108. What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?
tip links
77. What is activated when light causes 11-cis-retinal to convert to all-trans-retinal?
transducin
100. The malleus, incus, and stapes
transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.
40. Which of the following cranial nerves would cause a person discomfort when getting dental work done?
trigeminal
97. The external ear terminates at the
tympanic membrane.
13. Which of the following is NOT a primary odor class?
umami
24. The newest taste to be described is
umami.
126. Neurons synapsing on the hair cells of the maculae and the crista ampullaris have cell bodies in the
vestibular ganglion.
106. Which of the following is a part of the bony labyrinth?
vestibule
38. Tears
wash foreign objects away from the eye.