Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 15

Match the structure with the appropriate description: sty

an inflamed ciliary gland

Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebrae

another name for the eyelids

Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebral fissure

the space between the two eyelids

Match the structure with the appropriate description: middle ear

air-filled space within the temporal bone

125. The semicircular canals

allow a person to detect movement in all directions.

194. The point where light rays cross after passing through a concave lens is referred to as the _____.

focal point

62. The lens

focuses light on the retina.

17. The most sensitive taste buds are found in _____ papillae.

foliate

46. The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because

it is easy to access and is a vascular.

33. The blink reflex is designed to

keep the eyes moist.

58. The ________ separates the posterior chamber from the vitreous chamber.

lens

64. Light refracts as it passes through the

lens, cornea and humors of the eye.

89. Which of the following situations would have the greatest affect on depth perception?

losing one eye in an accident

Match the description with its correct name: macular degeneration

loss of acute central vision

87. Damage to the left side of the brain near the visual cortex could result in which of the following visual changes?

loss of right visual fields from both eyes

Match the structure with the appropriate description: Meibomian glands

lubricate the eyelid

130. Oscillation of the eyes during the tracking of something in motion is called

nystagmus.

42. The outermost tunic of the eyeball is the

sclera.

185. Visceral and emotional reactions to odors is a function of the:

secondary olfactory area in the frontal lobe

85. The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve.

59. Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor?

refraction of light rays

Match the structure with the appropriate description: mitral cell

relay olfactory information to the brain and synapse with association neurons in the olfactory bulb

101. Sensory receptors for balance are found in the

semicircular canals.

120. The superior olivary nucleus

sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: pupil

the opening in the iris

Match the structure with the appropriate description: external ear

the pinna and external auditory meatus are part of this

Match the structure with the appropriate description: fovea centralis

the portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity

Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic tract

the route of the ganglionic axons beyond the chiasma

9. The receptor cells for which of the following special senses are bipolar neurons?

smell

119. More sound volume is perceived when

sound wave amplitude increases.

37. The lacrimal glands

constantly produce a fluid called tears.

199. Which of the following correctly differentiates endolymph and perilymph?

-Endolymph has a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of sodium compared to perilymph. -Endolymph is within the membranous labyrinth and perilymph is between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth.

86. Arrange the following events in correct sequence.

-bright light is shone into the eye -retinal cells generate action potential -optic nerve conducts action potential to CNS -visual cortex translates action potential -person becomes aware of the information obtained by CNS

202. Identify the structures that receive axons from the vestibular nucleus of medulla.

-cerebellum -extrinsic eye muscles -thalamus

121. Arrange the following parts of the neuronal pathway for hearing in the correct sequence.

-cochlear nucleus -superior olivary nucleus - inferior colliculus -medial geniculate nucleus - auditory cortex

112. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they vibrate when a sound wave enters the ear.

-eardrum -ossicles -oval window - perilymph -endolymph

22. Arrange the following in correct sequence:

-food substance dissolves in saliva -food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair -gustatory cell depolarizes -neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell -action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons

116. Arrange the following structures in the order in which they would vibrate as a result of the tympanic membrane vibrating.

-ossicles -oval window - perilymph -vestibular membrane and endolymph -basilar membrane

203. Select components of the neuronal pathway for balance.

-thalamus -vestibular nucleus -vestibulocochlear nerve

115. Arrange the following list of membranes in correct sequence.

-tympanic membrane -vestibular membrane -basilar membrane -tectorial membrane

131. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on sense organs?

A large loss in the ability to detect odors.

190. What is a tastant?

A substance dissolved in saliva that causes taste cells to depolarize.

Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Sweet

Activation of a G protein leading to activation of cAMP and the closure of K+ channels

Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Gluamate

Activation of a G protein leading to activation of cAMP and the influx of extracellular Ca++

Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Bitter

Activation of a G protein leading to the activation of phospholipase C and the release of intracellular Ca++

12. What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons?

Both Na+ and Ca2+

7. Which of the following statements is true?

Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.

T/F 84. The photoreceptors in the photoreceptor layer of the retina face the vitreous chamber.

FALSE

11. What molecule is activated from the binding of an odorant to transmembranous receptor molecules on olfactory hairs?

G protein

67. Amanda has no visual impairments, but has noticed that in order to see clearly she must hold books farther from her face in order to read. What is happening to Amanda's vision?

Her lens is becoming more rigid with age.

Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Sour

Hydrogen ions promote depolarization

109. As a stereocilium bends, the tip link pulls ______ gates open.

K+

2. Why does inhaling deeply and slowly through the nose help to identify an odor?

More air containing the odor is brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium.

82. Which of the following is false?

Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Match each tastant with the method by which an action potential is initiated: Salt

Na+ diffuses through ion channels resulting in depolarization

192. The taste of salts results when ____ diffuses through channels leading to depolarization of the taste cell. Similarly, sour is tasted when ______ lead(s) to the depolarization of taste cells.

Na+, H+

193. How does the avascular cornea acquire oxygen?

Oxygen diffuses from the atmosphere to the cornea.

19. Which of the following statements is false?

Sensitivity of taste buds for sweet taste is very high.

189. True or false: Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become saturated.

TRUE

197. True or false: Binocular vision gives one depth perception which is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects.

TRUE

198. True or False: The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.

TRUE

T/F 102. Damage to the chorda tympani in the right ear could result in loss of taste on the right anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

TRUE

39. Why does a person's nose run when he cries?

Tears drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct.

104. Which of the following is true?

The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus.

196. What is the near point of vision?

The closest point at which an object can be held and seen without appearing blurred.

201. What is the function of the inner hair cells?

The inner hair cells are responsible for hearing.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: vitreous humor

a jellylike substance in the posterior cavity of the eye

74. Night blindness could be caused by

a lack of rhodopsin.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: iris

a pigmented contractile structure

44. Increased fluid accumulation in the cornea would result in

a scattering of light rays.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: macula

a small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina

Match the description with its correct name: astigmatism

a type of refractory error

114. The round window

acts as a mechanical release for waves within the cochlea.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory cortex

area of the brain where the olfactory tracts terminate

Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic chiasma

area where medial ganglion cell axons cross over

127. Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of

balance.

3. In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons, it must

be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium.

117. Cochlear neurons are stimulated by

bending microvilli or stereocilia on the hair cells.

4. You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium?

bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane

25. Which type of taste has the lowest threshold?

bitter

28. Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization?

bitter - K+

Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic disc

blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here

35. The transparent mucous membrane that covers the anterior white surface of the eye is the

bulbar conjunctiva.

18. Taste buds

can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution.

Match the description with its correct name: cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

Auditory impulses are transmitted by the _____ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

cochlear

129. Mechanical deficiency in transmission of sound waves to the spiral organ is

conduction hearing loss.

36. Pinkeye is an acute inflammation of the

conjunctiva.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: membranous labyrinth

connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph

Match the description with the most appropriate structure: auditory tube

connects the middle ear to the pharynx

48. The ciliary body

consists of a ciliary ring and ciliary processes.

55. The optic disc

contains no photoreceptor cells.

43. The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the

cornea.

92. Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia?

corrected by "minus" lenses

111. The direction from which a sound is coming can be determined by the

differences in the time that sound waves take to reach each ear.

81. Humans are able to distinguish several million shades of color because

different proportions of cone cells respond to each wavelength of light.

Match the description with its correct name: myopia

difficulty seeing distant objects

124. Otoliths can break off and float inside the inner ear. What might happen if the otoliths settle on top of the hair cells?

dizziness and inability to balance oneself

Match the structure with the appropriate description: tympanic membrane

eardrum

Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory vesicle

enlargements on the dendrites of olfactory neurons

Match the description with the most appropriate structure: perilymph

fluid between the membranous and bony labyrinth

Match the description with the most appropriate structure: endolymph

fluid in the membranous labyrinth

98. The auditory tube

equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.

31. Palpebrae is another name for the

eyelids.

32. Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This would be an increase in the distance between the

eyelids.

23. You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve.

facial (VII)

21. Following a stroke, Harriet has impaired sense of taste on one side of the tip of her tongue, indicating the part of her brain that was affected must communicate with the

facial nerve.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory tract

fibers that connect the olfactory bulb to the cortex

15. Sensory structures that detect taste are

filiform

16. Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae.

filiform

Match the structure with the appropriate description: auricle

fleshy portion of the external ear

53. The area of greatest visual acuity is the

fovea centralis.

26. The sense of taste is called

gustation.

71. Albinism in which there is an absence of melanin pigment would affect the individual's ability to

have high levels of visual acuity and prevent scattering of light inside the eye.

94. Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of

hearing and balance.

99. Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include

hearing impairment.

60. Vitreous humor

helps to hold the lens and retina in place.

75. Rods, a type of photoreceptor cell, respond to light (stimulus) by

hyperpolarizing.

83. The photoreceptor cells are located

in the photoreceptive layer of the retina.

Match the description with its correct name: glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure that can lead to loss of vision

51. Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle?

inferior oblique muscle

Match the structure with the appropriate description: conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva

61. Glaucoma can result from

inhibition of the circulation of aqueous humor.

96. Which portion of the ear contains the sense organs for hearing and balance?

inner ear

45. The cornea

is part of the focusing system of the eye.

200. Identify the type of hair cells of the spiral organ that are responsible for hearing.

inner hair cells

Match the structure with the appropriate description: bony labyrinth

interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone

47. Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic?

iris

63. Which of the following is correctly matched?

iris - sphincter pupillae

49. The contractile structure that surrounds the pupil is the

iris.

57. The anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are separated by the

iris.

79. Color vision

is a function of cone cells.

93. Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?

malleus

27. Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in taste buds?

mitral cells

195. In normal near vision light is refracted _____ than in distant vision, thus the lens is _____.

more; rounded

123. The position of the head with respect to gravity is determined by the

movements of otoliths in response to gravity.

186. The conscious perception of smell is a function of the:

olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe

1. Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain:

olfactory epithelium olfactory bulb olfactory tract olfactory cortex

188. Most neurons are permanent cells, however _____ are neurons that are constantly being replaced.

olfactory neurons

Match the structure with the appropriate description: optic foramen

opening in the orbit through which the optic nerve passes

41. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT innervate extrinsic eye muscles?

optic

72. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina?

optic chiasm

54. Blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the

optic disc.

88. A person loses all vision in their left eye. One possible cause could be damage to the

optic nerve in the left eye.

80. To which colors are the three different kinds of cones sensitive?

red, blue, and green

107. The sensory cells for hearing are located in the

organ of Corti or spiral organ.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: organ of Corti

organ of hearing

Match the description with the most appropriate structure: oval window

ossicles connect this structure to eardrum

103. Which of the following sequences is correct?

oval window, vestibule, scala vestibuli

30. Which of the following structures is considered to be an accessory structure of the eye?

palpebrae

29. The taste cortex is located in the ________ lobe.

parietal

Match the structure with the appropriate description: inner ear: auricle

part of the ear that contains the organ of hearing

Match the structure with the appropriate description: external auditory meatus

passageway from the outside to the eardrum

Match the structure with the appropriate description: rods

photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision

Match the structure with the appropriate description: cones

photoreceptor cells that function in color vision

90. The age-associated changes that result in loss of accommodation of the eyes is called

presbyopia.

113. The attenuation reflex

prevents damage to delicate ear structures.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: eyebrows

protect the eye from falling objects

6. The medial olfactory area

provides emotional reactions to odors.

78. Light and dark adaptation involves

pupillary reflexes, variations in rod and cone function and changes in the amount of available rhodopsin.

20. To which of the following substances would the taste buds be most sensitive?

quinine (tonic) water

110. Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds?

resonance quality

56. The only place in the body where blood vessels can be viewed directly is the

retina.

76. When rhodopsin is exposed to light,

retinal separates from opsin.

52. Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina?

rods and cones

73. Rhodopsin is found in the

rods.

187. Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become _____.

saturated

91. What eye layer is referred to in the "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"?

sclera

70. The main factor affecting depth of focus is the

size of the pupil.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: lacrimal canaliculi

small tubes that drain tears into the lacrimal sac

10. Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact with the outside environment?

smell

182. Olfaction is the sense of _______.

smell

183. Identify the only major sense that does not pass through the thalamus as it is relayed to the cerebral cortex.

smell

8. Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to the thalamus?

smell

50. In bright sunlight, the pupil of your eye constricts and contracts the

sphincter pupillae.

122. The utricle and saccule are involved in

static balance.

Match the description with the most appropriate structure: ceruminous glands

structures that produce earwax

34. An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called a

sty.

105. Which of the following is part of the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?

tectorial membrane

184. The primary olfactory cortex is located in the ______ lobe.

temporal

14. The olfactory cortex is located in the _____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located in the ___ lobe.

temporal, frontal

95. The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________lobe from the _________nerve.

temporal; vestibulocochlear

Match the structure with the appropriate description: canthi

the angle where the eyelids join

Match the structure with the appropriate description: palpebral conjunctiva

the membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids

Match the structure with the appropriate description: visual field

the area that can be seen with the eyes open

Match the structure with the appropriate description: visual cortex

the cerebral area that integrates messages from retina

65. For distant vision,

the ciliary muscles are relaxed.

66. To focus on objects closer than 20 feet,

the ciliary muscles must contract.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: olfactory bulb

the expanded anterior portions of the olfactory nerves

69. As an object moves closer to the eye,

the eyes rotate medially.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: aqueous humor

the fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

Match the structure with the appropriate description: retina

the innermost tunic of the eye

5. The ability of the olfactory system to adapt to a particular odor may involve

the intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb.

68. When you try to focus on the tip of your nose,

the lens becomes more spherical.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: bulbar conjunctiva

the membrane that covers the anterior sclera of the eye

128. A ringing in the ears is considered

tinnitus.

Match the structure with the appropriate description: auditory ossicles

tiny bones in the middle ear

108. What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?

tip links

77. What is activated when light causes 11-cis-retinal to convert to all-trans-retinal?

transducin

100. The malleus, incus, and stapes

transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.

40. Which of the following cranial nerves would cause a person discomfort when getting dental work done?

trigeminal

97. The external ear terminates at the

tympanic membrane.

13. Which of the following is NOT a primary odor class?

umami

24. The newest taste to be described is

umami.

126. Neurons synapsing on the hair cells of the maculae and the crista ampullaris have cell bodies in the

vestibular ganglion.

106. Which of the following is a part of the bony labyrinth?

vestibule

38. Tears

wash foreign objects away from the eye.