SEES 2220 FINAL EXAM

Clean Water Act

(CWA, 1972) set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways; aims to make surface waters swimmable and fishable

lake chad is

1/10th of it's former size

Arsenic MCL

10 g/L

China's green wall

2,800-mile network of forest belts designed to stop the sands.

What are the concerns about HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms)?

All of the above

This occurs(yellow dragon)

Annually

Arsenic poisoning was in...

Bangladesh

the largest mass poisoning of a human population in history "

Bangladesh

Elon Musk

CEO of Tesla and SpaceX

cORRECTIVE ACTIONS 4 Gulf of Mexico

CROP/FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT, ON-FARM WETLANDS

Lake chad decline due to

Climate

Name the two causes of rapid population growth in megacities.

High rates immigration and high birth rates

Why does Lake Erie get most nutrients?

Humans, wetlands gone, few trees

Water pollution is the addition of any substance that degrades or lowers the quality of water for ____.

Living organisms

From 2002-2006, the City of Toronto in Canada had a rather unique way to get rid of their garbage:

Load up trucks and drive to Carleton Farms in Michigan for disposal

Yellow Dragon

Name given to air pollution that is a major problem for many Chinese cities.

issue in Lake Erie

Toxic Algae Bloom

The size of the dead zone in Gulf of Mexico decreased dramatically from 1999 to 2000 due to___.

drought

Desalination technology does not cause any environmental problems.

false

Which of the following unit(s) is or are NOT used to describe the pollutant concentration in water?

g/m2

Examples of point source pollution

leaking septic tank, unlined landfill, leaking oil tank, water discharged from industry

ppb

parts per billion

Deserification

process by witch grass land changes to dessert

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis

Aral Sea dissapeared due to

HUMANS

Algal Blooms in China

Issue: There is too many algae in the aquatic system Causes: Excess of Nitrogen and phosphorus Resolutions: Limit fertilizers use.

Israel

Issue: water shortage in 4 consecutive years Causes: Pollution, climate, drought, overusing Resolutions: Irrigate, learn, desalination

Hypoxia

Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood

N and p ARE crucial for plants and animals

TRUE

Chad

large expanse of water "

Desalination

the removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming

Point-source pollution occurs in groundwater as well.

true

non-point source pollution

water pollution that does not have a specific point of origin

The dead zone caused by pollution in the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Mississippi River encompassed about _____ square kilometers in 1999.

20,000

Eutrophication

A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.

water pollution

Any physical or chemical change in surface water or groundwater that can harm living organisms or make water unfit for certain uses.

Megacity

City with more than 10 million people

Which of the following is the best example of a point source of water pollution?

Factory effluent

If water does not smell or taste bad, the water is clean and safe to drink.

False

Water is only capable of dissolving solids that it encounters in the hydrologic cycle.

False

What causes desertification?

Farming, overgrazing, and drought

______ is a condition of low oxygen concentration (less than 2 mg/L) that can cause stress or death in organisms that are unable to live the zone.

Hypoxia

Main source of nitrogen and phosphorous in water is from ____. I. farming II. atmospheric loading III. sewage treatment plants IV. urban

I and II

Ghana

Issue: Pollution and drought Causes: urbanization, mining and climate Resolutions: watershed protection, universal access to water and forest resolutions

Modern sanitary landfills are designed to minimize the release of leachates and gases. These can be summarized in terms of the 5 "L"s. Which of the following is not one of those Ls?

Landscape design

5 L's

Location, liners, leachate collection, landfill caps, Long-term monitoring

The Makoko Floating School

Makoko is a town on stilts off the coast of Laos, with a school that floats nearby.

greenhouse effect

Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases

Impacts of climate change

Prolonged droughts, increased severity of storms, more severe heat waves, coastal flooding

pollution

Release of harmful materials into the environment

How does the size of "rich" megacities compare with "poor" ones? Give examples.

Rich megacities stretch out further than poor ones - Los Angeles is four times as big as Mumbai despite being a smaller city

Which of the following statement is NOT true?

The MCL of arsenic is 10 mg/l

Non point can enter the watershed from any point

True

Non-point sources of pollution can enter a body of water from anywhere across its watershed.

True

Water capable of dissolving many solids and liquids that it encounters as it moves along the hydrologic cycle

True

The great ocean conveyor belt

a constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity

slum

a heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor

If one drinks too much arsenic contaminated water, which kinds of diseases/symptoms might be developed?

all of the above

What could be the corrective action(s) to reduce nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico?

all of the above

transition zone

an area in which the properties of the land undergo a radical change

Lake Chad is being polluted by

cotton and rice farmers

What is the dominant land use in the Lake Erie basin/watershed?

cropland

Mass per unit volume concentration most common scale ‐ defines mass of salt dissolved in one liter water mg/L or μ g/L

definesmassofsaltdissolvedinoneliterwatermg/Lorμg/L

Non-point source contamination occurs in surface water only.

false

The Clean Water Act is applicable to both point source and non-point source pollution.

false

Lake Chad

most important body of water in the Sahel

Charney's model

overgrazing reduces vegetation cover - increases reflectivity of land surface - more solar radiation reflected - less heating of surface less convection - less rainfall. Charney et al., 1977

ppm

parts per million

Which of the following is NOT one of the top 3 leading causes of impaired waters in the United States?

pesticide

Examples of non-point source pollution

pesticide blown from land into a river; run off of fertilizers, pesticides, trash

To control the water pollution (eutrophication), efforts should be focused on reducing ____ in Lake Erie basin and ____ in the Gulf of Mexico.

phosphorous; nitrogen

point source pollution

pollution that comes from a specific site

In 1970s, there were about 250,000 children died each year from water-borne diseases and diarrhea in Bangladesh. What was the major cause of it?

surface-water pollution