Self-Affirmation Final

culture

the behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a social group and passed down from one generation to the next

self-expectancy

the belief that one is able to achieve what they want in life; easy way to build self-expectancy is by examining past goals and accomplishments and working to accomplish a series of increasingly difficult goals

self-image

the beliefs about oneself

values

the beliefs and/or principles one chooses to live by

character

the features and traits distinctive to an individual

best way to make decisions

(1) define decision that needs to be made; (2) list all possible options; (3) gather information on consequences of each option; (4) assess consequences of each option relative to values and goals; (5) choose one option; (6) act on decision; (7) evaluate progress

self-direction

The ability to set a well-defined goal and work toward it

stress

one's physical and psychological reaction to the demands in one's life; can be positive or negative

specific

a goal should be specific

time-related

a goal should have a deadline or a specified time results should be achieved

attitude

a belief or opinion that predisposes an individual to act, or behave, in a certain way

traits

a disposition to behave in a certain way regardless of the situation; traits can be shaped by both genetics and experiences (nature and nurture); traits give consistency to one's behavior

achievable

a goal should be achievable

measurable

a goal should be measurable (can progress be tracked?)

realistic

a goal should be realistic (is goal within realm of values, skills, and interests?)

characteristics of a healthy self-image

a healthy self-image is positive but realistic and complex

incentive

a reward offered in order to motivate individual to do something; usually ineffective

happiness

a state of wellbeing as a result of having a positive evaluation of one's life

anger

a strong feeling of displeasure, resentment, or hostility; most basic human emotion; can be expressed inwardly or outwardly. Inward anger that is repeatedly suppressed can lead to passive-aggression

emotions

a subjective feeling accompanied by both physical and behavioral changes; emotions can be positive or negative

critical thinking

active, self-reflective thinking; specifies (7) standards including: clarity, precision, accuracy, relevance, depth, breadth, and logic

persistence

allows one to continually put in effort over and over until goal is achieved

self-presentation

altering one's behavior to make a good impression on others

dream

an aspiration, hope, or vision of the future

role model

an individual who possesses the qualities you would like to have

goal

an outcome one wants to achieve and to which effort is directed

impulse control

before acting on an impulse stop (recognize impulsivity), think, (what will I gain or lose?) decide (consequences?)

What does the nervous system regulate?

behavior (thoughts, feelings, actions)

coping skills

behaviors that help one deal with stress or otherwise unpleasant situations (relaxation, exercise, nutrition, sleep, mental discipline)

self-esteem

confidence and respect for oneself

4 major goals of psychology

describe, predict, explain, and change human behavior

positive motivation

drive to do something because it will move one toward goal

negative motivation

drive to do something to avoid negative consequences

joy

feeling of happiness

motivation

force that moves one into action; can be positive or negative, extrinsic or intrinsic

benefits of self-awareness

helps one identify feelings and thoughts; helps one act in accordance with their values; and helps one appreciate their personality, skills, and interests

relational identity

how one identifies themselves in relation to others of importance (Ex. family role, romantic role, professional role, etc.)

self-awareness

identifying and appreciating one's individual values, personal qualities, skills, and beliefs

three types of identity

individual identity, relational identity, and collective identity

cognition

mental processing of information

intrinsic motivation

motivation that comes from inside (Ex. feeling good about oneself, staying true to inner values, seeking excellence and independence, etc.)

extrinsic motivation

motivation that comes from outside (Ex. fitting in socially, pleasing others, looking good, feeling superior, earning a reward, etc.)

distress

negative stress; the result of one's beliefs about events as opposed to the events themselves

openness

openness to ideas, people, and experiences

big five personality traits

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (emotional stability)

affirmations

positive self-statements that allow individual to think of self in a positive, caring, and accepting way

eustress

positive stress

self-acceptance

recognition and acceptance of what is true about oneself, flaws and all

first step to conquering anger

recognize the source of one's anger

neuroticism (emotional stability)

resistance to negative emotions

self-esteem

respect for oneself

ingredients of success

self-awareness, self-direction, self-esteem, self-discipline, self-motivation, attitude (positive thinking), positive relationships

two key elements of self-discipline

self-determination, persistence

conscientiousness

self-discipline and desire to achieve

four legs of self-esteem

sense of belonging, sense of control and competence, sense of individuality, and sense of worthiness

gender

set of characteristics used to define male and female—cultural not biological

extroversion

sociability, assertiveness

want

something one can survive and thrive without

need

something one needs in order to survive and thrive (Ex. clothing, shelter, water, food, affection, etc.); motivate most of conscious behavior; needs fall into five levels including, physical needs, security needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs

SMART goals

specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-related

benefits of self-discipline

strengthens ability to control destiny; persisting in face of setbacks; weighing long-term consequences of actions; making positive changes; breaking bad habits; thinking critically; and making effective decisions

self-determination

taking action; master of one's life

public self-awareness

tendency to be aware of oneself that is on display in social situations

private self-awareness

tendency to be aware of the inward aspects of oneself

self-discipline

the ability to do what is necessary to reach goals without becoming sidetracked by bad habits

vocation

the ability to feel interest and excitement in something and turn it into life's work

responsibility

the ability to make independent, proactive decisions and to accept the consequences of those decisions

self-motivation

the ability to motivate oneself and push forward despite setbacks

self-honesty

the ability to see one's strengths and weaknesses clearly

sense of control and competence

the need for the individual to believe he/she can control what happens to them in an uncertain world (self-efficacy)

sense of belonging

the need for the individual to feel he/she is part of something larger than themselves

sense of worthiness

the need for the individual to feel worthy of praise and affection

sense of individuality

the need for the individual to recognize own uniqueness

individual identity

the physical and psychological characteristics that distinguish one from others (Ex. age, sex, name, possessions, emotions, beliefs, etc.)

ethics

the principles one uses to define acceptable behavior and decide what is right and wrong

psychology

the study of human behavior

collective identity

the sum of the social roles one plays and to which social groups one belongs (Ex. race/ethnicity, religion, culture, social class, etc.)

self-consciousness

the tendency to frequently think about and observe oneself; exemplified as both private self-awareness and public self-awareness

agreeableness

trustworthiness, cooperativeness

personal fulfillment

what comes from creating a sense of meaning in both work and personal life; success

self-talk

what one says or thinks to themselves about themselves; can be negative (inner critic) or positive

examples of positive motivation

working hard on an assignment because it gives one the feeling of accomplishment

examples of negative motivation

working hard on an assignment out of fear of bad grade or disappointing parents and/or instructor