AP GOV - Unit 5 retake
Which of the following scenarios is most related to the 26th Amendment?
An 18 year old votes in a presidential election
*infographic of Microsoft voters survey* Which of the following statements is true regarding political advertisements in 2012 based on the information graphic?
Few advertisements appealed to positive emotions
*Information graphic of according to the United States constitution* Which of the following best explains why eligibility criteria vary by state as shown on the information graphic?
States can create criteria for voting rights so long as they do not violate the US constitution
*map of states with first time voting restrictions* Supporters of voting restrictions are most likely to make which of the following arguments?
Voting restrictions are needed to prevent voter fraud
Which of the following represents a consequence of candidate-centered electoral campaigns?
A decrease in the role of political parties in campaign management
*Political cartoon of candidate images inc* Which of the following criticisms of political campaigns is the author of the political cartoon most likely to agree with?
Candidates rely too heavily on professional consultants
A citizen who uses the rational choice model of voting behavior selects candidates for office based on
What is though to be in the citizen's own self-interest
*bar graph of number of residents per electoral vote* Given the information in the graph, in which of the following states would an individual's vote likely have more influence?
Wyoming
*speech from Elizabeth cady Stanton at Seneca falls convention* Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution addresses the grievance that a woman is not permitted "to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise"?
19th amendment
Which of the following exemplifies the free-rider problem for interest groups?
A teacher who does not join the local teachers union but receives a salary negotiated by the union
A number of states, including Georgia and Ohio, have passed laws that revoke voter registration if a person did not vote in recent election cycles. Which of the following is a likely consequence of these laws?
Occasional voters will not be able to vote on Election Day, which could influence election results
Which of the following best explains how most candidates are recruited to run for office?
Political parties usually recruit and train people at the local level they believe are most fit to run for office
Tom believes that the government should be limited in its regulation of the economy, but he wants to find out more about economic policy. As he researches the topic, he increasingly relies on a well-respected conservative blog as his main source of information. Tom's actions demonstrate the tendency of individuals to seek out information from sources that
Reinforce existing political beliefs
In 1980, a small group of parents personally affected by drunk driving formed the group Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Over the past 4 decades, they have grown in number and have lobbied on state and local levels promoting legislation such as stricter limits on blood alcohol levels for drivers. MADD is an example of which of the following?
Single-issue group with the goal of impacting policy making
*table of party systems in the US* Which of the following statements regarding political parties is true based on the graphic?
The Republican Party initially emerged as an antislavery political party
*Political cartoon of candidate images inc* Which of the following factors that influence voters' decision making during an election is the cartoonist poking fun at?
The candidate's personal characteristics
*map of states with first time voting restrictions* Based on the map above, a prediction that could be made about the 2016 election in Texas is that
The number of eligible voters decreased in the 2016 election
*graph for Americans' trust in the mass media* Which best describes a likely reason for the information depicted in the graph?
An increase in concerns over media bias
*4 bar graphs on political efficacy and party affiliation* Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the graphs?
Political efficacy is a major factor in shaping political views about government, but political ideology also plays a role
There is an ongoing debate over the role of money in elections. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002 banned soft money and restricted advertisements in the weeks before an election. Parts of this act were challenged and struck down in the Supreme Court case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010). Which of the following was a consequence of that ruling?
Super PACs may spend unlimited funds on advertisements that are not coordinated with the campaign because they are protected by the freedom of speech.
Which of the following is a true statement about the role of the media in providing citizens with information?
Demand for instantaneous news reporting has led to the growth of 24-hour news operations and a shift to online media and consumption
*table of top 10 PAC Contributors to candidates* Which of the following describes the activities represented by data in the table?
Groups in American society form political action committees (PACs) so they can influence policy
*chart on the impact of third-party candidates on key swing states in the 2016 election* Based on the data in the chart, which of the following strategies would best help third-party candidates like Jill Stein and Gary Johnson increase their chances of winning elected office?
Lobbying state legislatures to shift from a winner-take-all system to a proportional voting system
Which of the following scenarios depicts the concept of an iron triangle?
Lobbyists from the energy industry provide information to the Department of Energy before the department head testifies before the Energy and Commerce Committee in the House of Representatives.
*political cartoons of US senators arriving at work* Which of the following is the best interpretation of the political cartoon?
Members of Congress receive political contributions from many special interest groups
*bar graph of spending by the national rifle association, by election cycle* The bar graph shows the National Rifle Association's spending on Democratic and Republican candidates over several decades of election cycles in support of gun ownership rights. How could a visual best be created to better understand how the spending of the NRA compares to that of gun control proponents?
A pie chart that tallies total spending by both the NRA and gun control proponents since 1992
A 2017 study in the American Economic Review found that watching Fox News during an election cycle increased a Democrat's chances of voting Republican by 28 percent. Conversely, by watching MSNBC Republicans were more inclined to vote Democrat by 8 percent. This scenario best illustrates which of the following about the media?
Cable news programming is oftentimes ideologically driven and effective in persuading citizens to adopt their point of view
Which of the following describes the 24th Amendment?
It eliminated poll taxes
In 2002, Congress passed the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act in an effort to regulate campaign finance by limiting the ability of corporations and unions to spend their general treasury funds on election communications. In 2010, the Supreme Court invalidated this provision of the act. Which of the following statements accurately describes the majority decision of the case?
The 1st amendment allows corporations and unions to make independent expenditures regarding candidates for office
*Line graph of the Age gap in democratic voters* Which of the following is the best explanation for the trend in voting behavior after the 2000 election?
The events that shaped the generation turning 18 after the year 2000 tended to create more liberal-minded voters who supported Democrats.
*Bar graph of Voter Turnout by Age, 2014 California General Election* Which of the following is most likely and effect of the data reported in the chart?
The California state government is more likely to address issues that affect older voters
*table of party systems in the US* The graphic illustrates which of the following statements about political parties?
There is an ongoing debate between political parties over the power and scope of the federal government, even as economic and demographic changes have altered party coalitions
*4 bar graphs on political efficacy and party affiliation* Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data in the graphs?
Those with greater political efficacy have a more positive view of government; as a result, they are more likely to vote in elections
Which of the following scenarios explains how demographic factors affect voter participation in elections?
Wealthier individuals are more likely to become involved in campaigns because they believe that their actions may influence the candidates
*bar graph on voter turnout by age, 2014 California general election* Which of the following statements about the bar graph on voter turnout in the 2014 California general election is correct?
The age group that voted at a rate closest to the average is 45-54
A chief executive officer (CEO) of a corporation believes that the Republican candidate for president will enact policies that are more beneficial to her business. The CEO donated the maximum amount allowed by law directly to the candidate's campaign fund. To increase the candidate's chances for election, the CEO also directed her corporation to donate funds to an independent political action committee to create ads criticizing the opposing candidate. According to the decision in Citizens United v Federal Election (2010), which provision of the Constitution protects her actions?
Freedom of speech in the First Amendment
*graph on percentage of representatives defeated for reelection, first through one hundred fourteenth congresses* Which of the following factors contributes most to the data in the line graph?
Incumbents have an advantage over challengers because of name recognition
Which of the following portrays an accurate example of horse race media coverage?
News media outlets report the results of public opinion polls that show the relative popularity of presidential candidates
*Information graphic of according to the United States constitution* Which of the following is true based on the information graphic?
Over 75% of the population is eligible to vote, but only about half the electorate actually voted in the 2016 presidential election
In which of the following ways do political parties primarily rely on to finance their election activities?
Parties solicit funds from private donors who oftentimes contribute large sums of money
Which of the following is an effect of the 17th Amendment?
People could participate in the political process by directly electing the senators
Which of the following makes a correct comparison between political parties and interest groups in the United States?
Political parties recruit and run candidates in elections Interest groups seek to influence public policy
*bar graph on population by race and ethnicity* Which of the following best explains how political parties are likely to respond to the data in the chart?
Political parties will adapt their positions and find ways to appeal to voters from growing demographic groups
A voter's decision to support the incumbent president in an upcoming election is based on recent economic growth and record low unemployment. Which of the following models of voting behavior best characterizes this voter's decision?
Retrospective voting
Senator Hoffman is campaigning for reelection in her state. Her campaign message emphasizes how the policies she has supported have benefited her constituents. She has spotlighted job creation and an overall improvement in the standard of living in the state in the past six years. Senator Hoffman is hoping to appeal to which of the following voting behavior models?
Retrospective voting
An important Senate race takes place in the state of Georgia. Rather than focus on the issue positions taken by the candidates, a 24-hour cable news station instead focuses primarily on poll results and campaign strategies using a "big board" to show the counties where each candidate has the most support. Which of the following is an effect of this type of new coverage?
The electorate will be less able to accurately compare the policy platforms of candidates running in the election
*infographic of Microsoft voters survey* Which of the following is most directly related to the large amount of money spent by outside groups in the 2012 election?
The use of super PACs as a mechanism to raise money and influence elections
Critics of the winner-take-all aspect of the electoral college are most likely to make which of the following arguments?
The winner-take-all system of the electoral college encourages presidential candidates to focus their time and effort disproportionately on battleground states with larger populations.
A political science professor is researching the effects that the 15th and 26th Amendments have had on the American political system. Which of the following is the most likely reason the professor is researching these amendments?
To study the expansion of voting rights
*chart on the impact of third-party candidates on key swing states in the 2016 election* Based on the data in the chart and your knowledge of presidential elections, which of the following is the best strategy that Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump could have used to pull votes away from the third-party candidates, Jill Stein and Gary Johnson?
Trump or Clinton could have adopted issues that were popular with Stein's and Johnson's voters in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin as part of their campaigns
The Congressional Leadership Fund, a super PAC, has raised over $50 million dollars, which it plans to spend on advertising in the next midterm election. It plans to target its spending in competitive districts in the days leading up to Election Day. Which of the following court cases decision is most likely to protect the right of the group in the scenario?
Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010)
Which of the following explains how The Federalist 10 relates to the decision in Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010)?
In both, a limited approach to government regulation was argued for
*line graph of the age gap in democratic voters* Which of the following statements is true based on the data in the line graph?
In the 2000 election, the gap between voters 65 and older and 18-29 years old was 2%, with voters older than 65 preferring the Democratic candidate
*bar graph of number of residents per electoral vote* The data in the graph best illustrate which of the following common criticisms of the electoral college?
Individuals in small-population states have a greater impact on the electoral college than individuals in large-population states
*graph for Americans' trust in the mass media* Which of the following statements about Americans' trust in the mass media is best supported by the data in the graph?
It generally decreased over time