types of heat and energy transfer

why does dark clothing become hot on a sunny day

They absorb more radiation from the sun. lighter colors reflect more; for example Black absorbs all of the colors of light

conductors

materials that can transfer heat

insulators

materials that do not transfer heat through them as well

describe insulators

particles more spread out electrons don't separate easily Usually higher specific heat

what are the three ways heat energy is transferred?

radiation, conduction, and convection

how do you find specific heat

rearrange the equation for energy

specific heat

the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.

why are metals good conductors

they usually have high densities and their electrons can separate easily

thermal energy

total kinetic energy; something could have the same kinetic energy but different thermal energy

what are types of radiation

visible light, infrared(heat), UV rays, microwaves, gamma rays, X-rays, and radio waves

Could conduction happen between two objects that were not touching?

Conduction cannot happen between objects that are not touching because the particles need to collide in order to transfer energy

what is an example of convection

Convection is observed when air is heated by radiators and the warm air rises and cool air sinks and gets heated, or a the air above a fire, or the liquid in a pot of water on the stove

what is convection responsible for in nature

Convection is responsible for wind patterns and ocean currents and the magma that circulates in the Earth's mantle

what is the equation for energy

Energy = specific heat x mass x temperature change energy = cmΔT

what unit does the ΔT have to be

K, but bc C and K have the same scale, you do not need to convert to find ΔT if its in C

How is visible light transferred from the fire?

The fire gives off visible light through radiation

how does convection work

When a fluid is heated, the warm fluid rises because it is less dense than the cooler fluid surrounding it. As the warm fluid rises, the warmer fluid transfers energy and cools, then sinks back down as it cools, then gets heated again and rises. This creates a convection current.

how would Kelvin and Celsius thermometer differ

a K thermometer would not have negative numbers, the numbers would be higher, and there would not be a degrees symbol

why is air a poor conductor

air and other gases are to spread out to transfer energy by conduction quickly

what speed does radiation travel

all radiation travels at the same speed, known as speed of light

why is it good for us that water has a high specific heat

bc we are mostly water and it would be bad if we started boiling. Also if the water had low specific heat it would boil and kill the fishies

in what phase of matter does conduction most commonly occur

between or within solids

describe conductors

can transfer heat because of the way their atoms are closely packed together and their electrons can move around within the substance to transfer energy. Usually lower specific heat

what is an example of radiation

even though all objects radiate heat, the sun and fires are common, powerful sources. the sun radiates heat which warms the ground

convection current

forms when density differences cause a fluid to flow along a circular path.

convection

heat transfer by movement of matter due to differences in densities caused by differences in temperature; usually observed to occur in fluids

conduction

heat transfer that occurs by contact between objects or particles colliding within a substance

radiation

heat transfers out in all directions (radiates) from all objects and living things

what does an increase in temperature do to the kinetic energy

increases the kinetic energy

how does radiation transfer

it does not require matter for the heat to transfer, and it can travel through a vacuum (like outer space) because it is in the form of electromagnetic waves

what does it mean if something has a low specific heat

it does not take a lot of energy to raise the temperature

what does it mean if something has a high specific heat

it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature, for example water's specific heat is in the 4000s

what is the unit for energy

joules (J)

what unit does the mass need to be in

kg

fluids

liquids and gases

what is an example of conduction

when you hold a cup of hot chocolate your hands get warm; when you stand on hot concrete your feet burn