Self Efficacy Theory KIN 4520

past performance accomplishments

refer to the degree of success perceived by an individual who has previously engaged in activities similar to, or the same as, the current behavior. ex: self-efficacy for running may be derived from an individual's previous experiences with jogging walking, or even biking.

level of self-efficacy

referes to an individual's belief that she can successfully perform various elements of a task

coping efficacy

self efficacy for overcoming barriers or challenges to exercise

domains

self-efficacy can generalize across __________

performance

self-efficacy will predict _______________

Self-efficacy bandura

People's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances

Phenomenological View

Unless people believe that their actions can produce the outcomes they desire, they have little incentive to act or to persevere in the face of difficulties. Interpretations more important than what is objectively true Foundation of motivation and well-being

physiological state

temporary physical condition of the body ex: feelings of pain and fatigue or rapid heart rate that causes a cardiac rehab patient to doubt whether she is capable of successfully engaging in exercise

general

level of specificity of self-efficacy that is the extent to which an individuals efficacy for a specific task carries over to other activities

task

level of specificity that differs between the notions of self-efficacy for a task ex: confidence in one's ability to jog greater distances progressively

domain

level of specificity that includes the level of self-efficacy strength of self-efficacy

self-efficacy

not concerned with an individual's perception of her abilities; but rather, it focuses on the extent to which the individual feels she will be successful in performing the desired behavior, given the abilities she possesses and the unique situation in which she finds herself. a situation-specific form of self-confidence.

sources that enhance PA

past performance vicarious experience social persuasion physiological and affective states

four primary sources of self-efficacy

past performance accomplishments vicarious experiences social persuasion physiological/affective states

Self-efficacy theory

Based on the work of Albert Bandura, If an individual believes that he or she is capable of performing a task, they can.

Exercise Efficacy

Capabilities of successfully engaging in bouts of exercise

Barrier Efficacy

Capability to overcome obstacles to physical activity Schedule barrier efficacy

triadic reciprocal causation

Cognitions such as self-efficacy (i.e., confidence) play a role in shaping behavior Self-efficacy shaped through the consequences of personal actions Self-efficacy shaped through interaction with different levels of the environment

Perceived behavioral control

Degree of personal control to engage in physical activity

Sallis

Efficacy cognitions predict the adoption but not maintenance of vigorous PA Significant relationship between efficacy and exercise behavior along natural aging timeline SE one of the strongest psycho-social predictors of exercise behaviors Across ethnic groups SE is most consistent variable in changes of exercise behavior (e.g., 20%)

Triadic reciprocation

Individual level cognitions and environmental variables are mediators for health behavior change

Disease specific/health behavior efficacy

Similar to exercise efficacy but aimed at efficacy beliefs of special populations engaged in secondary prevention of disease through exercise rehabilitation Li Li's Peripheral Neuropathy Intervention

imagery

a behavior performed in the mind using some or all of the body's senses. use of this would be considered a vicarious source ex: imagine yourself becoming healthier or improving your physical appearance. or used to mentally rehearse the movements required in an aerobic dance sequence

vicarious experiences

also known as modeling, are those that involve one individual viewing the performance of a behavior by another individual (the model). the greater the perceived similarity between the model and the viewer the greater the model's influence. model need not be a person known to the viewer. ex: post MI patient is prescribed exercise but is fearful of engaging, introducing him to an individual who has undergone same procedure and who has successfully completed cardiac rehab to increase self-efficacy

social persuasion

concerns verbal and nonverbal tactics used by others in an attempt to increase a person's self-efficacy. ex: NFL play 60 superstars encouraging kids but most effective when a knowledgable or signification other does the persuading

scheduling efficacy

confidence in ones abilities to schedule and manage exercise behavior

strength of self-efficacy

indicates the individual's degree of conviction for successfully accomplishing each level of the task.

affective state

temporary positive or negative feelings that influence and are influenced by, exercise behavior. ex: a person who is experiencing extremely positive emotions would be expected to view an anticipated exercise bout with higher self-efficacy than would someone experiencing negative emotions.

social cognitive approach

view exercise behavior as being influenced by both human cognition (expectations, intentions, beliefs, attitudes) and external stimuli (social pressures/experiences)