Self Efficacy Theory KIN 4520
past performance accomplishments
refer to the degree of success perceived by an individual who has previously engaged in activities similar to, or the same as, the current behavior. ex: self-efficacy for running may be derived from an individual's previous experiences with jogging walking, or even biking.
level of self-efficacy
referes to an individual's belief that she can successfully perform various elements of a task
coping efficacy
self efficacy for overcoming barriers or challenges to exercise
domains
self-efficacy can generalize across __________
performance
self-efficacy will predict _______________
Self-efficacy bandura
People's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances
Phenomenological View
Unless people believe that their actions can produce the outcomes they desire, they have little incentive to act or to persevere in the face of difficulties. Interpretations more important than what is objectively true Foundation of motivation and well-being
physiological state
temporary physical condition of the body ex: feelings of pain and fatigue or rapid heart rate that causes a cardiac rehab patient to doubt whether she is capable of successfully engaging in exercise
general
level of specificity of self-efficacy that is the extent to which an individuals efficacy for a specific task carries over to other activities
task
level of specificity that differs between the notions of self-efficacy for a task ex: confidence in one's ability to jog greater distances progressively
domain
level of specificity that includes the level of self-efficacy strength of self-efficacy
self-efficacy
not concerned with an individual's perception of her abilities; but rather, it focuses on the extent to which the individual feels she will be successful in performing the desired behavior, given the abilities she possesses and the unique situation in which she finds herself. a situation-specific form of self-confidence.
sources that enhance PA
past performance vicarious experience social persuasion physiological and affective states
four primary sources of self-efficacy
past performance accomplishments vicarious experiences social persuasion physiological/affective states
Self-efficacy theory
Based on the work of Albert Bandura, If an individual believes that he or she is capable of performing a task, they can.
Exercise Efficacy
Capabilities of successfully engaging in bouts of exercise
Barrier Efficacy
Capability to overcome obstacles to physical activity Schedule barrier efficacy
triadic reciprocal causation
Cognitions such as self-efficacy (i.e., confidence) play a role in shaping behavior Self-efficacy shaped through the consequences of personal actions Self-efficacy shaped through interaction with different levels of the environment
Perceived behavioral control
Degree of personal control to engage in physical activity
Sallis
Efficacy cognitions predict the adoption but not maintenance of vigorous PA Significant relationship between efficacy and exercise behavior along natural aging timeline SE one of the strongest psycho-social predictors of exercise behaviors Across ethnic groups SE is most consistent variable in changes of exercise behavior (e.g., 20%)
Triadic reciprocation
Individual level cognitions and environmental variables are mediators for health behavior change
Disease specific/health behavior efficacy
Similar to exercise efficacy but aimed at efficacy beliefs of special populations engaged in secondary prevention of disease through exercise rehabilitation Li Li's Peripheral Neuropathy Intervention
imagery
a behavior performed in the mind using some or all of the body's senses. use of this would be considered a vicarious source ex: imagine yourself becoming healthier or improving your physical appearance. or used to mentally rehearse the movements required in an aerobic dance sequence
vicarious experiences
also known as modeling, are those that involve one individual viewing the performance of a behavior by another individual (the model). the greater the perceived similarity between the model and the viewer the greater the model's influence. model need not be a person known to the viewer. ex: post MI patient is prescribed exercise but is fearful of engaging, introducing him to an individual who has undergone same procedure and who has successfully completed cardiac rehab to increase self-efficacy
social persuasion
concerns verbal and nonverbal tactics used by others in an attempt to increase a person's self-efficacy. ex: NFL play 60 superstars encouraging kids but most effective when a knowledgable or signification other does the persuading
scheduling efficacy
confidence in ones abilities to schedule and manage exercise behavior
strength of self-efficacy
indicates the individual's degree of conviction for successfully accomplishing each level of the task.
affective state
temporary positive or negative feelings that influence and are influenced by, exercise behavior. ex: a person who is experiencing extremely positive emotions would be expected to view an anticipated exercise bout with higher self-efficacy than would someone experiencing negative emotions.
social cognitive approach
view exercise behavior as being influenced by both human cognition (expectations, intentions, beliefs, attitudes) and external stimuli (social pressures/experiences)