Separation Techniques- Gravity separation, Decanting, Sieving, Filtration, Magnetic Separates, Evaporation and Distilation
Distillation- boiling point- making alcohol-spirits, taking salt out of water- desalination
you heat up a mixture. The component with the lower boiling point it evaporates but instead of the particles leaving they get trapped then condense and turn into a liquid.
Sieving- Size- straining pasta, tea bag in cup of water, flour in sieve, garden supply centre
you put the mixture into a sieve, the smaller particles got through and the bigger particles stay behind
Magnetic separation- Magnetism- rubbish and recycling, mining, iron out of cereal
you take a magnet and pass a magnet through it and the magnetic components will attract to it
Gravity separation separates soluble/insoluble components of a mixture based on their __________/_______
A1. Insoluble A2. weight/mass
the temperature that you heat the mixture up to needs to be hot enough to boil one component but cool enough that it doesn't boil the other component as well. For example, when separating water (BP=100 celsius) and ethanol (BP=78 celsius) you might heat it up to _____________ __________ ________ _____ ________ ___________ _________ ______, for example __________ celsius
A1. anything higher than 78 and lower than 100, for example 85
it works by attracting/repelling the magnetic/non-magnetic components towards/away from the magnet
A1. attracting A2. magnetic A3. towards
when filtering, filter paper can be folded in the shape of a ________ or a _________.
A1. cone OR A flute
the solute/solvent left behind will often form _____________
A1. crystals
Decanting is a type of gravity separation that lets the soluble/insoluble components of a mixture separate naturally based on their ____________ ________
A1. decanting wine
some examples of filtration are _____________ ___________, ______ ______ ___________,
A1. filtered coffee, air cons filters and vacuum cleaners
the filtration rate is higher/lower when using a ___________ shape, because there is more/less surface area in the contact with the mixture.
A1. fluted
you don;t have to bring the liquid to its boiling point (e.g. 100 Celsius for water ), because liquids will evaporate to some degree at any temperature this is above their freezing/condensation point (e.g. 0 celsius for water)
A1. freezing
the most common example of gravity separation is ________ _____________
A1. gold panning
it works by shaking and agitating the mixture back and forth until the heavier/lighter components sink/float to the top/bottom.
A1. heavier A2. sink A3. top
It works because a sieve has many _________ that large/small particles can/cannot get through but larger/smaller particles can/cannot get through
A1. holes A2. small A3. can A4. larger A5. cannot
it works similar to sieve in that a filter also has many _________ that let smaller/larger particles behind. The difference is that filters have much, smaller/larger holes than sieves
A1. holes A2. smaller A3. smaller
Filtration separates the soluble/insoluble components of a mixture based on their size
A1. insoluble
sieving separates the soluble/insoluble components of a mixture based on their _______
A1. insoluble A2. size
it works by heating the mixture until the components with a lower/higher boiling points starts to boil first. the vapour of this component is then taken elsewhere and cooled and frozen/condensed back into a liquid, which is then collected and know as the __________________. the component with a higher/lower boiling point is left behind in the flask, as it never gets hot enough for it to boil/condense.
A1. lower A2. condensed A3. higher A4. boil
magnetic separates soluble/insoluble components of a mixture based on whether they are ______________ or not
A1. magnetic
magnetic separation is often used in the following industries __________, ______________, and __________ ________.
A1. mining, recycling and scarp metal
an example of the use of evaporation in industry is _________ _______________.
A1. salt production
the size of the crystals that form depends on how fast the evaporation was: slower/faster evaporation will lead to bigger/smaller crystals being formed.
A1. smaller A2. bigger
Distillation separates the soluble/insoluble components of a mixture based on their different ______________ points
A1. soluble A2. boiling
Evaporation separates the soluble/insoluble components of a mixture by evaporating the liquid/solid solute/solvent, leaving behind the liquid/solid solute/solvent.
A1. soluble A2. liquid A3. solvent A4. solid A5. solute
unfortunately, when you evaporate a solution you lose the solute/solvent to the atmosphere and are only able to keep the solute/solvent
A1. solvent A2.solute
some examples of sieving include ____________ ___________, _______ _____________, and ___________ __________
A1.draining pasta A2. fish netting A3. sifting flour
a sieve that separates fertilizer beads (3mm wide) from soil particles (0.5 wide)
a possible grading would be anything between 0.5mm and 3mm (e.g. 1.5mm)
a sieve that separates gnocchi pasta (3cm wide) from risonni pasta (5mm wide)
a possible grading would be anything between 0.5mm and 3mm (e.g. 1.5mm)
a sieve that separates ping-pong balls (1 inch wide) and marbles (1/4 inch wide).
a possible grading would be anything between 1/4 and 1 inch (e.g. 2 inches
Gravity separation- Mass- Panning for gold, separating wheat
a stream of water is used to move the lighter particles away from the heavier particles, the heavy particles sink to the bottom
Filtration-Size- water, pool, fish tank, filtered coffee, copper carbonate from water, sand from water
same as sieving just smaller holes
Evaporation- boiling point- copper sulphate in water, making salt, drying clothes
the solution is heated so that the solvent evaporates and the leaves the dissolved solute behind
Decanting-Density- wine, oil and water, water and sand
to do this, allow the solids to settle to the bottom then gently pour the liquid off the top, trying not to shake the bottle. This will leave the sediment in the bottom of the bottle