Shadwick POB UARK Chapter 31

What are dueterostomes?

-Animals with three tissue layers -Radial cleavage -when cells split each can go on to become a complete organism -anus appears near blastopore, mouth develops later -new cells sit on top of old cells

What is the anatomy of a sponge?

-Asymmetrical -sac like body covered in holes caused by pores -internal cavity is lined by chaonocytes(flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm at the base of the flagellum) -spicules serve as internal skeleton -cellular level of organization -parazoan Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj1qPxObQWg

What is the anatomy of a cnidarian?

-Radial symmetry -two tissue layers(diploblastic) -incomplete digestive tract -tentacles with nematocysts -tissue level of organization Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj1qPxObQWg

What are the characteristics that all humans share?

-Typically have the power of movement or locomotion by means of muscle fibers -Multicellular; most have specialized cells that form tissues and organs -Have a life cycle in which the adult is typically diploid -Usually undergo sexual reproduction and produce an embryo that goes through developmental stages -Heterotrophic; usually acquire food by ingestion followed by digestion

What are protostomes?

-cleavage is spiral -each cell has limited potential and cannot develop into a complete embryo -blastopore is associated with the mouth -

What is the organ level of organization?

After tissues, organs are the next level of organization of the human body. An organ is a structure that consists of two or more types of tissues that work together to do the same job. Examples of human organs include the brain, heart, lungs, skin, and kidneys

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct? ( ) Sponges have no nerve fibers. ( ) Sponges have no fully developed muscle fibers. ( ) Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water. ( ) Sponges may reproduce asexually by budding or by regeneration from a small piece. ( ) Cells of a single sponge will recognize others of the same kind and reaggregate if the cells are separated and allowed to reassociate.

Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.

What are the types of symmetry a body can have?

Animals can be asymmetrical, radially symmetrical, or bilaterally symmetrical. Asymmetrical animals have no particular Page 626symmetry, such as some species of sponges. Radial symmetry means that the animal is organized circularly, similar to a wheel, so that no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally, mirror images are obtained. Bilateral symmetry means that the animal has definite right and left halves; only a longitudinal cut down the center of the animal will produce a mirror image.

What does triploblastic mean?

Having three germ layers.

What does diploblastic mean?

Having two germ layers.

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum...

Mollusca

Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes? ( ) They are types of advanced invertebrates. ( ) They form a true coelom. ( ) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus. ( ) They will become mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. ( ) They are more advanced than acoelomates, but not as advanced as deuterostomes.

The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

What is the tissue level of organization?

a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit....

asymmetry

The stinging cells or nematocysts are characteristic of...

cnidarians

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of earthworms? ( ) segmentation ( ) expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole ( ) hermaphroditic ( ) paired nephridia in each segment ( ) dorsal solid nerve cord

dorsal solid nerve cord

Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes? ( ) nervous system ( ) embryonic development ( ) circulatory system ( ) cephalization ( ) presence or lack of notochord

embryonic development

What are chaonocytes?

flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm at the base of the flagellum -help to accumulate oxygen and nutrients

The molluscs look so different, and yet we can tell they are related because they all...

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the...

insects

What is cephalization?

localization of a brain and specialized sensory organs at the anterior end.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms? ( ) adult is radially symmetrical ( ) locomotion by muscles ( ) endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates ( ) larva is bilaterally symmetrical ( ) both sexual and asexual reproduction

locomotion by muscles

What are spicules?

structural elements found in most sponges

What is the cellular level of organization?

the most basic level of organization (and reproduction) in any organism, according to cell theory. In multicellular organisms you can - but do not need to - have consecutive levels such as tissues, organs, and organ systems. EX: sponges, which are multi cellular but don't have tissue, which classifies them as parazoans.

What is a blastopore?

the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of development.