SHRM CP - Things to Know

SWOT Analysis

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

global (structure)

strong links between HQ and subsidiaries emphasizes consistency of approach, standardization of processes, and a common corporate culture across global operations. It allows organizations to take advantage of standard processes and economies of scale to achieve greater efficiency.

transnational (structure)

strong links between HQ and subsidiaries and among subsidiaries Builds strong local and global identities

National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius (2012)

the U.S. Supreme Court considered two key PPACA provisions: Medicaid expansion (Supreme Court found unconstitutional) and the individual mandate (requires individuals to purchase private health ins coverage - Supreme Court said was constitutional).

BATNA

the best alternative to a negotiated agreement; the outcome an individual faces if negotiations fail

attribution theory

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition - proposes that the reasons for certain behavior can be internal or external

Porter's Five Forces

- Threat of new entrants - Bargaining power of buyers - Threat of substitute products - Bargaining power of suppliers - Rivalry among existing competitors

McKinsey 7S Model

- skills - strategy - structure - shared values (centre) - systems - style - staff used to analyze an organization's strategic alignment (internal scanning)

Growth (CSR value creation)

-Composition of business portfolio -Innovation and new products -Reaching new customers and markets

Push factors

1. A need for new markets 2. Increased cost pressures and competition 3. Shortfalls in natural resources and talent supply 4. Government policies 5. Trade agreements 6. A globalized supply chain "push" factors are ones that oblige an organization to go global to remain competitive.

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009)

law that closed the loophole that limited suits on discriminatory pay; the statute of limitations resets as the employer issues each allegedly discriminatory paycheck. Changes the statute of limitations on pay discrimination to 180 days from each paycheck

offshoring

main reason for offshoring is to lower costs

high context communication

A style of communication in which much of the information is contained in the contexts and nonverbal cues rather than expressed explicitly in words. (face-to-face)

McClelland's Theory of Needs

Achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)

Act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance. Covered employers are those with 15 or more employees and include state and local governments.

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) (1986)

Act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship; establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee's identity and eligibility to work.

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

Act that protects privacy of background information and ensures that information supplied is accurate.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

Act that regulates employee status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping for full and part-time workers in the private sector, federal, state, and local gov'ts with at least $500,000 in annual dollar volume of business or interstate commerce. Also known as the Wage and Hour Law or Wagner-Connery Wages and Hours Act

Employee life cycle

Activities associated with an employee's tenure in an organization. 1. recruitment and selection 2. orientation and socialization 3. employment 4. turnover

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)

Amended Title VII to prohibit discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions; it requires employers to treat pregnancy the same as any other temporary disability

root cause analysis

An analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a defect or a risk. A root cause may underlie more than one variance or defect or risk.

Best of breed

An approach used by organizations in which they procure the best systems for each application, regardless of the vendor, and then build interfaces among them. Provides quicker implementation because they are simpler and affect fewer employees.

ADDIE Model

Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation

National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius

U.S. Supreme Court ruling that Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requirement that individuals purchase health insurance was constitutional but requirement that states expand Medicaid was not.

tripartism

Collaboration of government, employers, and unions in developing contracts and resolving disputes. Involvement of national governments in the bargaining process

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

U.S. act that established uniform minimum standards to ensure that employee benefit and pension plans are set up and maintained in a fair and financially sound manner.

Skinner's Behaviorist Theory

behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated

trend analysis (chart)

can give timing and location of quality defects in an organization.

ombudsperson (1)

A person who hears and investigates complaints by private individuals against public officials or agencies. If there is evidence, they can refer the matter to further alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory

A life-cycle theory of leadership postulating that a manager should consider an employee's psychological and job maturity before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important.

Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act)

* Amended the FCRA in 2003. * An employer who uses a third party to conduct a workplace investigation no longer needs to follow the consent and disclosure requirements of the FCRA before commencing the investigation if the investigation involves suspected misconduct, a violation of law or regulations, or a violation of any pre-existing written policies of the employer. * Requires employers requesting medical information about an applicant or employee to obtain a specific written consent describing in "clear and conspicuous language" the use of the information.

Exceptions to WARN Act

* faltering company * unforeseeable business circumstances * natural disaster

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

Monte Carlo Analysis

(scenario/what-if analysis)- a risk management technique that is used for conducting a quantitative analysis of risks. It's meant to be used to analyze the impact of risks on your project. For example, if this risk occurs, how will it affect our schedule and/or the cost of the project? Monte Carlo gives you a range of possible outcomes and probabilities to allow you to consider the likelihood of different scenarios.

Consulting Model (similar to the Six Sigma problem solving steps)

1. Define the problem 2. Design and Implement Solutions 3. Measure Effectiveness 4. Sustain Improvement

CSR Strategic process

1. Executive Commitment 2. Assessment 3. Infrastructure Creation 4. Plan Implementation 5. Measurement, Reporting, and Evaluation 6. Reassessment and Revision

Pull factors

1. Greater strategic control 2. Government policies that promote outward foreign investment 3. Trade agreements "Pull" factors are those attractions to globalization that support what an organization wants to achieve

Kurt Lewin's Change Management Model

1. Unfreeze (preparing the desired change) 2. Change (implementing the desired change 3. Refreeze (solidifying the desired change)

John Kotter's 8 steps (to implement change)

1. create urgency 2. form a powerful coalition 3. create a vision for change 4. communicate the vision 5. empower action 6. create quick wins 7. build on the change 8. make it stick

factors affecting collective bargaining process

1. legal and regulatory factors; 2. bargaining precedents; 3. public and employee opinion; 4. economic conditions

layers of diversity

1. personality 2. internal dimensions 3. external dimensions 4. organizational dimensions

Ledbetter v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co

2007 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that claims of sex discrimination in pay under Title VII were not timely because discrimination charges were not filed with the EEOC within the required 180-day time frame.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

2010 U.S. law that requires virtually all citizens and legal residents to have minimum health coverage and requires employers with more than 50 full-time employees to provide health coverage that meets minimum benefit specifications or pay a penalty. It also indirectly amends COBRA. Children up to age 26 are to be provided coverage as dependent children Requires an organization with more than 50 full-time employees to provide health coverage that meets minimum benefit specifications or pay a $2,000-per-employee penalty? Problem: Four qualified beneficiaries, including a spouse and three adopted stepchildren under the age of 26, are insured under the employed spouse's fully insured employer health plan when the employed spouse unexpectedly passes away. Under what act can the deceased employee's qualified beneficiaries maintain health coverage for an applicable, finite period? Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

triple bottom line

A business strategy that includes social, economic, and environmental criteria. Instead of one bottom line, there should be three: profit, people, and the planet. Has become the foundation for measurement and public reporting of CSR or sustainability performance by multinational corporations. That in turn is significant because it allows fair and consistent comparisons and evaluations of corporate sustainability performance.

Pareto Principle (Pareto Chart)

A chart that depicts which situations are more significant (that 80% of effects come from 20% of causes) in the form of a histogram. Categories of data are ranked, usually from left to right along the x axis, according to size. The y axis shows reference ranges (e.g., number or percentage of occurrences).An HR professional uses a Pareto chart to analyze and illustrate causes of voluntary and involuntary employee separation from the organization.

International corporation

A firm exports its products to foreign countries, where it also opens production facilities, but its products, processes, and strategy are developed in the home country.

works council

A forum within a business where workers and management meet to discuss issues such as working conditions, pay and training; they are illegal in the U.S. because they are seen as company-dominated unions. a violation of Section 8(a)(2) of the National Labor Relations Act

codetermination

As related to international labor relations, a practice in which employees have a role in the management of a company that includes worker representatives with voting rights on the corporate board of directors.

layers of culture

Basic Assumptions (implicit culture - core beliefs), Norms and Values (right and wrong) and Artifacts and Products (explicit culture - food, dress etc.)

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Behavior is driven by intrinsic factors (innate desires) and extrinsic factors (workplace hygiene). Intrinsic factors: challenging work, meaningful impact of work, recognition Extrinsic factors: job security, pay, conditions

Importing, storing, and integrating data in different formats

Big data brings with it three requirements: volume (the ability to store massive amounts of data), velocity (the ability to refresh data rapidly), and variety. What does variety refer to? -Collecting data from networks composed of highly dispersed points -Data that can be used for multiple purposes (e.g., business analysis and employee engagement) -Importing, storing, and integrating data in different formats -Integrating data from devices made from different manufacturers

transnational corporation

Builds strong local and global identities. Ideas flow not only from headquarters to the subsidiaries but among subsidiaries and to headquarters. Localized processes and practices meet cultural and legal requirements in each market, and knowledge and experience are shared globally.

Creating Shared Value (CSV) (Michael Porter & Mark Kamer)

Business and society could be brought back together if business redefined the basic purpose as creating shared value --> generating economic value in a way that also produces value for society. Making societal Impact WHILE making a lot of money

Managing the Change Spectrum

CHANGE: Resistant (20-30%) Neutral (40-60%) Welcoming (20-30%)

Serious health condition (FMLA requirement)

DOL regulations issued in 2009 clarified one of the definitions of a serious health condition, which involves employee incapacity for more than three consecutive, full calendar days plus two visits to a health-care provider or one visit to a health-care provider plus a regimen of continuing treatment.

NLRB v Weingarten (1975)

Dealt with the right of a unionized employee to have union representation present during certain investigatory interviews - the so-called Weingarten rights. (Can't bring in a lawyer)

Multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

Decision-making tool in which a team determines critical characteristics of a successful decision; a matrix is used to score each alternative and compare results.

ombudsperson

Designates a neutral third party (from either inside or outside the organization) to investigate employee complaints confidentially and help mediate disputes; not usually empowered to settle grievances. After hearing, they can refer the matter to further alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

General Duty Clause (OSHA)

Each employer has a general duty to furnish each employee a place of employment free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

chosen officer

Employee-selected arbitrator from designated group. provides a greater sense of empowerment and control over the situation.

Current home-country market saturation

Enterprises are attracted to global expansion by certain opportunities but also pushed into it by certain conditions. Which is an example of a "push" factor in globalization? -Current home-country market saturation -Favorable country-specific trade agreements -Proximity to resources and materials -Better labor supplies in other countries

ISO 26000 Standards

Establish the principles and guidelines of the concept of social responsibility. These standards also offer guidance and suggestions on implementation methods for different kinds of organizations (companies, NGOs, unions, etc) to start operating in a socially responsible way. In this way, it is expected that companies with this certification act ethically, transparently, and contribute to the welfare of society.ISO 26000 is aligned with the definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as defined in 2001 by the European Union and that's why in many organizations it is considered a fundamental part of their CSR strategy.

EDBM

Evidence-based decision making (6A's) 1. Ask - Phrase the problem in the form of a question to be answered 2. Acquire - Gather information from varied sources 3. Appraise - Determine whether the evidence gathered is relevant, valid, reliable, accurate, complete, and unbiased. 4. Aggregate - Combine and organize the data to prepare it for analysis 5. Apply - See the logical connections within the data and with the issue. 6. Assess - Monitor the solution that has been implemented

Pay disparities for equal work

Exceptions: -A seniority system. -A merit system. -A difference in the quality or quantity of work. -Geographic work differentials. -Any factor other than sex.

Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988

Federal contractors with contracts of $100,000 or more as well as recipients of grants from the federal government in any amount must follow requirements to certify that they are maintaining a drug-free workplace.

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

Federal law (1935) that supports collective bargaining and sets out the rights of employees to form unions; also established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB); also known as the Wagner-Connery Act; the rights granted by the law apply to all nonsupervisory workers—whether or not they are members of unions and whether or not specific organizing activity has occurred. The NLRA applies to all employers participating in interstate commerce, with the exception of governments, religious schools, agricultural employers, and the railroad and airline industries.

Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1972)

Federal law that established the EEOC which enforces Title VII. U.S act that amended Title VII and gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission authority to "back up" its administrative findings and conduct its own enforcement litigation

Growth share matrix

Finds where the greatest value in the organization lies. A business line that is growing and has a dominant share (a "star") has high value. A static but dominant business line (a "cash cow") creates value reliably but shows little opportunity for growth. "Dogs" are consuming resources without offering strong value or future growth. "Question marks" could be winners or losers; their future is unclear. SHRM CP People > Strategy Formulation

Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)

Further amended the NLRA and imposed regulations on internal union affairs and the relationship between union officials and union members (1935); Also known as the Landrum-Griffin Act.

Return on Capital (CSR value creation)

Green sales and marketing -Sustainable value chains -Sustainable operations (e.g., reducing emissions, energy, waste, water)

Business Continuity Plan

Guidelines and arrangements for response to disruption of critical business functions, to restore and maintain operation.

ethnocentric (Perlmutter orientation)

Headquarters maintains tight control over subsidiaries, who are expected to follow the strategic pattern, values, policies, and practices expressed by headquarters. There is "one best way." The term "ethnocentric" here refers to the fact that management will usually share a common ethnic background, different from the ethnic make-up of subsidiaries.

To create shared value

How are local cluster developments used in corporate social responsibility? -To create shared value -To create a sustainability sweet spot -To broaden the range of stakeholders -To move up the sustainability maturity curve

Pre-adverse action

If an employer decides not to hire an applicant the applicant or employee must be provided with a copy of the report and given "a reasonable period of time" to present evidence challenging the information contained in the report.

Hazard Communication

Known as the Employee Right-to-Know law.

Lechmere, Inc. v National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Lechmere was within its rights under the NLRA to bar nonemployee union organizers from its property.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. Under this Act, discrimination against a disabled person is illegal in employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and government activities.

balanced scorecard

Links business strategies with day-to-day activities and aligns business function measurements with organizational strategies. As a result, an organization can track progress, reinforce accountability, and prioritize improvement opportunities. The scorecard includes four related perspectives (finance, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth) rather than just a financial perspective.

best of breed

Means using a specific software program or package for each specific application or requirement. These are selected based upon their ability to meet the organization's specific needs better than any other available program. They may be from several vendors and may not be the low-cost package. While the program does an excellent job in meeting the needs, it may not be able to communicate with other applications the organization is using. Provide quicker implementation because they are simpler and affect fewer employees

functional organizational structure

Most common organizational structure; pyramid shaped; used in larger organizations; deep vertical structures; strict chain of command ensures that communication and assignment and evaluation of tasks are carried out; used most frequently in HSO's.

monthly turnover

Number of total monthly separations (excluding layoffs)/average number of employees on the payroll during the month) x 100 5/55 = .091 x 100 = 9.09%

OSHA Data Initiative (ODI)

OSHA rule to collect data to show the relative level of injuries and illnesses among different industries, firms, or operations within a single firm

ADA Amendment Act (ADAAA)

Overturned several U.S. Supreme Court decisions that narrowly interpreted the definition of disability. While the ADAAA retains the basic definition contained in the ADA, it expands the interpretation of these elements, making it much easier for individuals seeking the law's protection to demonstrate that they meet the definition of disability

compa-ratio

Pay rate divided by the midpoint of the pay range.

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures

Procedural document designed to assist employers in complying with federal regulations prohibiting discrimination

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Proposed set of regulations adopted by the European Union to protect Internet users from clandestine tracking and unauthorized personal data usage.

National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)

Provided the first expansion of FMLA leave for employees with family members who are covered members of the military. The qualified exigency leave benefit provides up to 12 workweeks of FMLA leave due to a spouse, son, daughter, or parent being on covered active duty or having been notified of an impending call or order to covered active duty in the armed forces.

Adverse impact ratio

Ratio obtained by dividing the selection ratio of the protected group by the selection ratio of the majority group; if this ratio is lower than 80 percent, there is evidence of adverse impact.

Workers Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act

Requires some employers with 100+ employees to give a minimum of 60 calendar days of advance written notice if a plant is to close or if mass layoffs will occur. - Employers who employ 100 or more full-time employees or Full-time and part-time employees who, in the aggregate, work at least 4,000 hours (exclusive of overtime hours) per week at all employment sites.

human capital value added

Revenue minus nonemployment expenses / # of FT employees shows the productivity of retained employees HR has implemented a change initiative in the operations area to increase productivity. The initiative combined process redesign, changes in reporting structure, training, and incentives. The changes have been in place for six months. What measure would show the effect of the investment in the initiative?

Locke's Goal Setting Theory

SMART goals. Employees are motivated by clear and specific goals where constructive feedback is provided. - Goals must be SPECIFIC - Goals should be MEASURABLE - Goals should be ACHIEVABLE - Goals are REALISTIC - Goals are TIME-BOUND

Griggs v. Duke Power

Set the standard for determining whether discrimination based on disparate (adverse) impact exists. 2 critical points were established. 1. Employment discrimination need not be overt or intentional to be unlawful. 2. Employment practices can be unlawful even when applied to all employees.

Fiedler's Contingency Theory

Situational leadership emphasizes that a leader should change his or her approach based on employees' relationship and task needs. Leaders will have a natural style, but effective leaders should adapt themselves in order to make the team more successful. The goal is termed "situational favorableness." Three factors determine the favorableness of a leadership situation: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.

single designated officer

Specific individual chosen by senior management to conduct investigations and dispute resolution; credibility of person may depend on credibility of management Which alternative dispute resolution (ADR) option allows an organization to determine who will resolve disputes? -Peer review -Chosen officer -Ombudsperson -Single designated officer

polycentric (Perlmutter orientation)

Subsidiaries are allowed a large measure of independence as long as they are profitable. They may plot their own paths based on the business and cultural contexts of their countries. There are "many best ways." Host-country nationals (HCNs) staff and manage the local subsidiary. HCNs are not usually promoted to headquarters positions.

regiocentric (Perlmutter orientation)

Subsidiaries are grouped into regions (such as Europe, North America, or Asia-Pacific). Strategic coordination is high within the region but not as high between the region and headquarters. Senior management moves between countries within regions.

geocentric (Perlmutter orientation)

Subsidiaries are neither satellites taking orders nor independent bodies setting their own course. Headquarters and subsidiaries are participants in a network, each contributing its unique expertise. There is essentially "a team way," transcending national borders. Senior management personnel from all countries are considered to be part of a single global resource pool.

Workforce Analysis Process

Supply Analysis, Demand Analysis, Gap Analysis, Solution Analysis

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

The act prohibits discrimination in every aspect of employment against employees and applicants age 40 and over, with a few limited exceptions to recognize that advanced age may, in some circumstances, affect an individual's ability to perform certain jobs effectively. The ADEA has always allowed for jury trials (unlike Title VII, which did not get this possibility until 1991). Instead of punitive damages, the ADEA provides for doubling of the back-pay damages awarded by the jury for a "willful" violation; compensatory or punitive damages are not allowed.

Performance Appraisal

The assessment of the employees in which the manager evaluates their performance and the overall contribution made by them to the organization is known as performance appraisal. It's a schematic and systematic process that follows a logical approach to review the employees and it's generally conducted once in a year by the organization. Performance appraisal enables an organization to evaluate the skills and true potential of the employees to increase their productivity. Performance appraisal also helps to identify the employees that are doing justice to their job and the ones who are not up to the mark along with the valid reasons for the same.

Microblogging

The practice of sending brief posts (140 to 200 characters) to a personal blog, either publicly or to a private group of subscribers who can read the posts as IMs or as text messages. This is a type of social media an HR manager should use to provide identified candidates with continuous updates about current organizational events and activities.

Vroom (Expectancy Theory)

Theory that states employees are most motivated when they believe that successfully performing their assignments will result in promised rewards

Title I of the ADA

This act covers:1. medical examinations and inquiries2. drug and alcohol abuse

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

This federal law requires employers to provide safe and healthful working conditions for employees. Covers virtually all workers in the country, with a few exceptions, such as family farms worked only by family members and self-employed workers

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

This legislation is a violation of workplace harassment. Was passed to bring about equality in hiring, transfers, promotions, compensation, access to training, and other employment-related decisions. Title VII exceptions: · Work related requirement · Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) · Bona fide seniority systems · Affirmative action plans

Kurt Lewin's Force Field Analysis

This looks at the forces that are either driving movement toward a goal (helping forces) or blocking movement toward a goal (hindering forces. Helps to better understand the odds that a particular initiative can be implemented successfully.

Theory X

This management style assumes that the typical worker has little ambition, avoids responsibility, and is individual-goal oriented. Managers believe in the importance of heightened supervision, external rewards, and penalties

Kirkpatrick Model of Evaluation

This model was developed by Dr. Donald Kirkpatrick in the 1950s. The model can be implemented before, throughout, and following training to show the value of training to the business. 1. Reaction 2. Learning 3. Behavior 4. Results

Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI)

Type of liability insurance covering an organization against claims by employees, former employees, and employment candidates alleging that their legal rights in the employment relationship have been violated.

FMLA

U.S act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee. Applies to employers with 50+ employees. DOL administers FMLA

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation (1971)

U.S. Supreme Court case which found the practice of hiring a male with preschool-aged children over a woman with preschool-aged children to be in violation of Title VII.

Civil Rights Act of 1991

U.S. act that expands the possible damage awards available to victims of intentional discrimination to include compensatory and punitive damages; gives plaintiffs in cases of alleged discrimination the right to a jury trial.

Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA)

U.S. act that imposed several restrictions and requirements on unions. Also known as the Taft-Hartley Act

Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)

U.S. act that prevents private employers from requiring applicants or employees to take a polygraph test for preemployment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions.

Equal Pay Act (EPA)

U.S. act that prohibits wage discrimination by requiring equal pay for equal or "substantially equal" work performed by men and women.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

U.S. act that requires that all publicly held companies establish internal controls and procedures for financial reporting to reduce the possibility of corporate fraud. · Provides no retaliation for whistleblowers

Burlington Industries Inc v Ellerth

U.S. court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment (hostile work environment) that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.

Faragher v City of Boca Raton

U.S. court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment (sexual harrassment) that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.

RACI matrix

Used to better define roles and responsibilities in a team: R: Responsible A: Accountable C: Consult I: Inform

Clearly articulating a talent development strategy that encourages individual employee growth

What HR action would align with the International Labour Organization's strategic objectives and core labor standards? -Clearly articulating a talent development strategy that encourages individual employee growth -Paying school-aged children above the local prevailing wage for hazardous work -Requiring employers to have prior authorization for organization efforts -Offering special health benefits for female employees who reenter the workforce

environmental, economic, social

What are the three spheres of sustainability? (sometimes referred to as the 3 p's: people, plant, profit)

Risk created by a risk management tactic (refers to risks that are created by the risk management strategy itself)

What is secondary risk? -Risk that is deemed lower in priority -Risk events that closely follow primary events -Risk events that occur as a result of primary risk occurrence -Risk created by a risk management tactic

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

Whenever any adverse action is taken against an individual, either partly or wholly because of information contained in a consumer report, the employer must provide the individual with oral, written, or electronic notice of the adverse action as well as specific credit score information used and the name of the consumer reporting agency or person that furnished the credit score.

Referring the matter to further alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

Which action is an ombudsperson empowered to take after hearing both sides of a workplace dispute? -Referring the matter to further alternative dispute resolution (ADR) -Imposing specific discipline on an employee if facts support the finding -Negotiating a mutually acceptable agreement on behalf of the employee -Referring the matter for litigation if facts support the finding

logic tier

Which component in an information system enables operations? -Logic tier -Data tier -Communications tier -Presentation tier

Greater strategic control

Which of the following is considered a "pull" factor in attracting organizations toward globalization? -Greater strategic control -Government policies -Globalized supply chain -Need for new markets

J Curve

a chart where the line plotted falls at the beginning and rises gradually to a point higher than the starting point, forming the shape of the letter J. It reflects a phenomenon in which a period of unfavorable returns is followed by a period of gradual recovery that rises to a higher point than the starting point.

Veterans Opportunity to Work Act (VOW) (2011)

amended USERRA to recognize claims of a hostile work environment on account of an individual's military status generally; establishes the same standard for hostile environment claims on account of military status as that governing Title VII and other employment discrimination laws

Portal-to-Portal Act (1947)

an amendment to the FLSA - Defines what is included as hours worked and is therefore compensable and a factor in calculating overtime

Eligibility for FMLA leave

an employee must have worked at least 12 months (total) for the employer, for at least 1,250 hours in the 12-month period preceding the commencement of the leave, and at a site within 75 miles of which 50 or more employees work.

pull strategy (marketing)

attracts customers to the product. An example of this is the carbonated drinks industry, which invests heavily in advertising and promotion to create brands and boost sales.

vertical market

concentrates on a specific industry or market. The utilities industry, the beef and dairy industries, and the sale of medical products are examples of vertical markets.

Performance Management

defined as a process that is continuous and focuses on various aspects such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating employee objectives. It also analyses the overall contribution of an employee to the organization and it is meant to boost employees' efficiency and effectiveness. Both employees and managers are actively involved in performance management.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

designed to allow the different parts of an organization to access the same data and perform more efficiently

extinction (Skinnerian technique)

eliminating a behavior by never rewarding it; this is not recommended in the workplace

push strategy (marketing)

focuses on getting products/services in front of customers. For example, companies may have showrooms or create a strong point-of-sales presence at the retail level.

Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid

focuses on managers' task (production) and employee (people) orientations, as well as combinations between the two extremes. -shows a grid with concern for production on the horizontal axis and concern for people on the vertical axis and plots five basic leadership styles

Tuckman's ladder of team development

forming, storming, norming, performing

outsourcing

general goal is to reduce costs

structures for globalization

global integration by local responsiveness: international (weak links between HQ and dependent subsidiaries), multidomestic (weak links between HQ and autonomous subsidiaries), global (strong links between HQ and subsidiaries) and transnational (strong links between HQ and subsidiaries and among subsidiaries)

attorney work product

includes reports and notes from investigations and interviews done at the attorney's request. Attorney work product is not subject to discovery (disclosure to the other side in a complaint)

McClelland

motivation theory that appeals to an employee's need for achievement -Theory X/Theory Y -McClelland -Attribution -Vroom

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

PAPA model (risk prioritization matrix)

prepare (not likely to happen but will move fast), act (likely to happen and fast-moving), park (slow moving and unlikely) and adapt (slow materializing trends that may affect the org significantly) - likelihood by speed of change matrix

ROI

projects the value of an investment compared to the alternative. The formula is the gain from the investment minus the cost of the investment, divided by the cost of the investment. Any ROI below one represents potential savings

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

provides individuals and their dependents who otherwise would lose their coverage due to a COBRA qualifying event with an opportunity to continue receiving health-care coverage under the employer's group health plan at the individual's expense

Military Caregiver Leave

provides up to 26 workweeks of unpaid FMLA leave during a single 12-month period for an eligible employee who is the spouse, son, daughter, parent, or next of kin of a covered service member with a serious injury or illness

Communication Model

sender, message, receiver, feedback

low-context culture

shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words (written words)

Cost per hire (CPH)

total internal + total external recruiting costs/total # of hires in a given time frame If you have $500 internal recruiting costs and $2,500 external recruiting costs in a month, then the formula would be: $500 + 2,500/30 (total hires for the month) = $100 is how much it cost to hire each candidate.

Incremental budgeting

uses the prior year's budget as the basis for the next budget

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)

was enacted to protect the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of persons who voluntarily or involuntarily serve or have served in the uniformed services

multidomestic (structure)

weak links between HQ and autonomous subsidiaries A multidomestic corporation is similar to a portfolio of independent businesses. Headquarters is in the home country, but over time the divisions achieve more autonomy.

international (structure)

weak links between HQ and dependent subsidiaries

Theory Y

work is as natural as rest or play, and normal people can learn to seek responsibility and become problem solvers. Managers who believe this empower employees and use leadership and influence to get them committed to project goals without resorting to coercion.