Six Sigma Green Belt
Which option is defined as "having an operator make similar measurements close to the same time"? a. Precision b. Nominal c. Calibration d. Accuracy
a. Precision
Which of the following Six Sigma project tools was borrowed from movies and advertising? a. Pareto Chart. b. Storyboard. c. Run Chart. d. SIPOC Diagram.
b. Storyboard.
When examining a process, which technique is used to minimize variation among similar items? a. Confidence interval b. Activity network diagram c. Rational subgrouping d. Affinity diagram
c. Rational subgrouping
A/An______________ is a tool to identify, estimate, prioritize and reduce the risk of failure. a. FMEA b. QFD c. Ishikawa Diagram d. Boundary Diagram
a. FMEA
In statistics, which term refers to "probably true" or "not due to chance" when it comes to research findings? a. Significant b. Usefulness c. Importance d. Random
a. Significant
To approximate the normal distribution using the central limit theorem, it is best to have a sample size that is: a. Large b. Small c. Skewed d. Positive
a. Large
When examining a process, which technique is used to minimize variation among similar items? a. Activity network diagram b. Confidence interval c. Rational subgrouping d. Affinity diagram
c. Rational subgrouping
Positional, cyclical, and temporal variations are most commonly analyzed in a. SPC charts b. Multi-vari charts c. Cause and effects diagrams d. Run charts
b. Multi-vari charts
The roles and responsibilities of a Green Belt include all of the following EXCEPT: a. A Green Belt mentors Black Belts and Green Belts b. A Green Belt is a part-time (25%) project leader or member and provides most of the functions of a Black Belt (Team Leader) for lower level project teams c. A Green Belt analyzes data d. Green Belts are the "work horses" of Six Sigma management
a. A Green Belt mentors Black Belts and Green Belts
What is the mechanism by which the capability of a process is identified? a. Creating rational subgroups b. Performing process mapping c. Performing rational sampling d. Creating flow charts
a. Creating rational subgroups
The two most common forms of DFSS are: a. DMADV & IDOV b. DMEDI & IDDOV c. DMADV & IDDOV d. DMEDI & IDOV e. DMADV & DMEDI
a. DMADV & IDOV
The formula EP = Σ Profit × Probability, represents: a. Expected Profit b. Expected Probability c. Exact Profit d. Extract Probability e. Expert Probability
a. Expected Profit
Which of the following quality terms is most closely associated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD)? a. House of Quality. b. SIPOC. c. Process flow diagram. d. Focus groups.
a. House of Quality
What is an advantage of manual project management methods versus automatic project management methods? a. Manual project management methods are easy to learn b. Automatic project management methods are not easily transportable c. Manual project management methods make displaying large projects easier d. Automatic project management methods do not support changes in reporting formats
a. Manual project management methods are easy to learn
Which of the following is NOT a key element of the define phase? a. Measure b. Process mapping c. Project charter d. Problem statement
a. Measure
What consideration must be made regarding effective process performance metrics? a. Metrics should not focus on a single individual measure b. Individuals should focus on a large number of metrics c. To be effective, metrics should not be changed d. Metrics should focus only on past performance data
a. Metrics should not focus on a single individual measure
A Six Sigma project has reduced the variability in a process. What should be done to facilitate further reductions in variablility? a. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis b. Develop a control plan c. Hold a brainstorming session d. Perform a failure modes and effects analysis
a. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis
One of the components of Autonomation is/are: a. Poka-Yoke b. Pull System c. One Piece Flow d. Takt Time e. All of the above
a. Poka-Yoke
A sample of 50 computer chips is taken from a continuous process. The current defect rate for this process is 5%. What is the probability of finding four defects in the sample using the Poisson distribution? a. 39.06% b. 13.36% c. 76.57% d. 2.5%
b. 13.36%
Which statement is true concerning short-term capability? a. Using variable data, 25 groups of 50 samples each must be used to estimate process mean and variation b. Control limits are closer together for short-term process evaluation than long-term process evaluation c. Control limits are further apart for short-term process evaluation than long-term process evaluation d. Using attribute data, 25 to 30 groups of 5 samples each must be used to estimate process mean and variation
b. Control limits are closer together for short-term process evaluation than long-term process evaluation
The capability index that relates to distance between the process mean and the closest specifications limit is: a. Cp b. Cpk c. Cmk d. Cpm
b. Cpk
The statistic that is a capability index that takes the process location as well as the capability into account is the: a. Cp b. Cpk c. Pp d. Ppk
b. Cpk
Which type of team is best suited for handling issues related to an organization's policies, practices, and operations? a. Quality teams b. Cross functional teams c. Project teams d. Six Sigma teams
b. Cross functional teams
Which option represents a consequential metric? a. Cost b. Defects per unit c. Labor d. Cycle time
b. Defects per unit
In which phase of DMAIC do you define the Roles and Responsibilities of the Improvement Team? a. Analyze b. Define c. Measure d. Improve
b. Define
The quality guru who developed Profound Knowledge was: a. Juran b. Deming c. Ishikawa d. Feigenbaum e. None of the above
b. Deming
An example of 'Attribute Data' is: a. Height of each student in 1st grade b. Number of students with blue eyes in the 1st grade c. Location of car dealerships in a large city d. Outdoor temperature recorded at each hour of a day on December 25th
b. Number of students with blue eyes in the 1st grade
In business process management (BPM), how does a project management approach help to improve quality? a. Products no longer pass through multiple horizontal business levels of the company b. One person is responsible for the product through all stages of production c. Processes no longer flow through multiple vertical functions of the company d. Each state of the overall process is managed separately
b. One person is responsible for the product through all stages of production
A process is examined and four different types of errors are observed. These errors are classified such that a class I error is more critical than a class IV error. The errors and the number of times they were observed are presented in the following table. Classification Occurrences I 2 II 9 II 4 IV 13 Which measurement scale was used in this scenario? a. Ratio b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Nominal
b. Ordinal
What is the purpose of a chi-squared test? a. To test two sample means for equality when the variance is unknown but assumed to be equal b. To compare the observed and expected frequencies of test outcomes c. To compare a population mean with fixed value when the population follows a normal distribution d. To compare three or more population means
b. To compare the observed and expected frequencies of test outcomes
Which option defines the central limit theorem's significance with respect to control charts? a. A process where the data points are randomly situated around the average with a smaller number of data points approaching the upper and lower control limits b. Data can be validated within a certain range as the basis for drawing larger conclusions c. As a sample size increases, the distribution of averages calculated from the individual samples will approach a normal distribution d. A process where the data points are randomly situated around the standard deviation with a smaller number of data points approaching the upper and lower control limits
c. As a sample size increases, the distribution of averages calculated from the individual samples will approach a normal distribution
A process capability study has been performed on a manufacturing process. It is found that the process spread is the same as the specification spread. What action should be taken? a. Reduce variability b. Change the specifications c. Center the process d. Take no action
c. Center the process
The Goodness of Fit test relies upon which distribution to calculate the cumulative distribution function? a. T-distribution b. Binomial c. Chi-square d. Poisson
c. Chi-square
Which of the following is NOT a process performance index: a. Pp b. Ppk c. Cpk d. Cpm
c. Cpk
The definition that states, 'total number of deficiencies divided by the total number of units' represents the calculation for: a. DPMO b. RPN c. DPU d. DPO
c. DPU
To be the most successful, Six Sigma projects should be linked with the company's: a. Mission b. Vision c. Goals d. Annual Report e. Business Plan
c. Goals
Semi-finished products are an example of which category of muda? a. Overproduction b. Repair c. Inventory d. Motion
c. Inventory
All of the following are regarding the null hypotheses EXCEPT: a. It can be rejected b. It can not be rejected c. It can be accepted d. It is never accepted
c. It can be accepted
Which quality pioneer created the fishbone diagram? a. W. Edward Deming b. Philip B. Crosby c. Kaoru Ishikawa d. Armand V. Feigenbaum
c. Kaoru Ishikawa
The process that utilizes: purpose, process, people, pull, prevention, partnering, planet, and perfection, is commonly referred to as: a. Continuous Improvement b. Statistical Process Control c. Lean Thinking d. Six Sigma
c. Lean Thinking
While reviewing an X-bar control chart, you notice a set of seven consecutively decreasing points. You check previous control charts and notice that this is not a regular occurrence. What could have caused this behavior? a. New machine operator b. Incorrectly calculated control limits c. Machine deterioration d. Process is over-controlled
c. Machine deterioration
The primary purpose of a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis is to: a. Solve Problems b. Manage the Product or Service to Be Delivered c. Manage Failure Risks d. Satisfy the Customer
c. Manage Failure Risks
Which type of check sheet is used to show defect locations using a schematic of the product? a. Checklist b. Pareto diagram c. Measles chart d. Recording check sheet
c. Measles chart
Data about the current process is collected in which step of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) process? a. Analyze b. Control c. Measure d. Define
c. Measure
Which project methodology is also known as the Deming-Shewhart cycle? a. DMAIC b. SEA c. PDSA d. DMADV
c. PDSA
What is an advantage to using focus groups to gather customer feedback? a. There is a large degree of control involved in a focus group b. Anyone can be a good interviewer for a focus group c. Results from focus groups typically have high face validity d. Dialogue in a focus group is easy to analyze
c. Results from focus groups typically have high face validity
Which of the following is based on the "zero-loss" concept? a. KOV b. DPMO c. TPM d. VOC
c. TPM
Ultimately, who defines a product's value? a. Managers b. Salespeople c. Engineers d. Customers
d. Customers
What is the primary purpose of FMEA? a. Increase customer awareness of a product b. Evaluate the effectiveness of a project c. Design a new product or process d. Decrease failures in a process
d. Decrease failures in a process
Many stakeholders within a project act as both suppliers and customers in the Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer (SIPOC) model. Which stakeholders within a project would expect career growth as an output of the process? a. Community and customers b. Suppliers and society c. Stockholders and employees d. Employees and managers
d. Employees and managers
The best source for developing a Control Plan would be which of the following? a. Poka-Yoke b. Control Chart c. House of Quality d. FMEA
d. FMEA
Which method of quantifying measurement errors combines repeatability and reproducibility together in the analysis system? a. Analysis of Variance method b. ANOVA method c. Average and Range method d. Range method
d. Range method
Which option only appears in a project's milestone report? a. The project's objectives b. The project's budget c. The project's status d. The project's roadblocks
d. The project's roadblocks
Which quality pioneer created statistical process control charts? a. Genichi Taguchi b. Kaoru Ishikawa c. Joseph M. Juran d. Walter A Shewhart
d. Walter A Shewhart
Which method is used to clean the work environment as part of waste elimination? a. Kaizen b. 5S c. Poka-yoke d. SMED
b. 5S
Which statement is an example of a goal statement? a. Our products contain 10 defects on average b. We experience a 20% drop in sales due to defects in our products c. We will increase customer satisfaction by reducing product defects by 10% d. Company shipments are often delayed by 3 days due to a poor packing process
c. We will increase customer satisfaction by reducing product defects by 10%
Which attribute control charts count the number of defects in products? a. p charts and np charts b. u charts and p charts c. u charts and c charts d. np charts and c charts
c. u charts and c charts
Which of the following control charts is used to monitor discrete data? a. p b. I&mR c. Xbar d. Xbar and R
a. p
Which of the following tools is used to identify potential events and contingencies for an implementation plan? a. PERT chart b. Process decision program chart c. Fishbone diagram d. House of quality
b. Process decision program chart
Using the Z test, how is a left one-tailed test denoted? a. The sign for the null hypothesis is = b. The sign for the null hypothesis is < c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is < d. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is =
c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is <
Using the student t test, how do you determine if the test is a two-tailed test? a. The sign for the null hypothesis is = b. The sign for the null hypothesis is < c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is = d. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is <
c. The sign for the alternate hypothesis is =
Which of the following is an example of mistake-proofing? a. Using an Xbar and R chart to prevent errors b. Using 100% inspection to detect and contain defects c. Using color coding as an error signal d. Having the team that created the errors repair them
c. Using color coding as an error signal
Why do organizations use Six Sigma (6σ)? a. Bottom Line Benefits b. Customer Satisfaction c. Continuous Improvement d. All of the above
d. All of the above
A comparison of engineering specifications to chance causes of variations is done using which Six Sigma tool? a. Design of experiments b. Analysis of variance c. Pareto analysis d. Process capability study
d. Process capability study
One of the components of the JIT process is/are: a. 5 Whys b. Poka-Yoke c. In-Station QC d. Pull System e. All of the above
d. Pull System
The quality guru who developed the concept of control charts was: a. Juran b. Deming c. Ishikawa d. Feigenbaum e. None of the above
e. None of the above (Shewhart)
Which lean concept refers to mistake-proofing a process? a. Poka-yoke b. Pull c. Queue time d. Process flow chart
a. Poka-yoke
Which option best describes an analytical study? a. A sample is used to make judgments about a population b. An observation is made about the location, spread, and shape of data distribution around a central tendency c. Descriptive statistics are used to describe a current process d. The nature of what is occurring in a given process is described
a. A sample is used to make judgments about a population
Which model describes the factors that make up value in the eyes of the customer? a. CQFA b. DMADV c. SIPOC d. IDOV
a. CQFA
Which of the following is used by a process owner to help track the performance of Key Input Variables (KIVs) and Key Output Variables (KOVs)? a. Control plan b. Service FMEA c. HOQ matrix d. Gantt chart
a. Control plan
Which of the following is a value-added activity? a. Inspection b. Just-In-Time Inventory c. Defect Correction d. Waiting
b. Just-In-Time Inventory
Which of the following is an element of the visual factory? a. Poka-yoke b. SMART goals c. 5S d. Takt time
c. 5S
A customer has purchased a circular saw and they have been invited to a free workshop on how to use the tool. Which category of expectation does this fall under? a. Basic b. Expected c. Desired d. Unanticipated
d. Unanticipated
The first control chart that Dr. Shewhart used was the: a. X-bar and R Chart b. Median Chart c. np Chart d. p Chart e. Individuals Chart
d. p Chart
For which type of information would informal communication, such as rumors, be an appropriate delivery mechanism? a. News of an employee's willing retirement b. Six Sigma being adopted as a strategic initiative c. An employee's second reprimand for an offense d. A business agreement with another company
a. News of an employee's willing retirement
In which measurement scale is the central location determined by the mode of the data? a. Nominal b. Interval c. Ordinal d. Ratio
a. Nominal
Which option refers to a Type I error? a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true b. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is true c. Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false d. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false
a. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
Which of the following activities would be performed as part of project closure? a. Review opportunities b. Value stream mapping c. Feasibility study d. SWOT analysis
a. Review opportunities
A Paynter Chart is a combination of the: a. Run Chart & Pareto Chart b. Cause and Effect Diagram & Check Sheet c. Control Chart & Fishbone Chart d. Check Sheet & Run Chart e. Pareto Chart & Control Chart
a. Run Chart & Pareto Chart
What is typically considered the crossover point between the T and Z tests? a. Sample size of 30 b. When standard deviation is known c. Degrees of freedom are unknown d. To model rates such as defects per unit
a. Sample size of 30
Which step of a 5S program includes ensuring that all tools are present and put away in the proper location? a. Seiton b. Seiketso c. Shitsuke d. Seiso
a. Seiton
Which option is defined as "the ability to detect the variance of a measurement as small as one-tenth of the smallest value between the specification for total tolerance or process range"? a. Sensitivity b. Reproducibility c. Ordinal d. Calibration
a. Sensitivity
Corporate scorecards are organized around financial, customer, internal process, learning and growth metrics. As these areas are broken down into components, projects are NOT limited to: a. Sigma quality level, defect rate b. Ease and quickness of completion c. Profit and loss d. None of the above
a. Sigma quality level, defect rate
What is the first step in a Kaizen project? a. State the problem and solution b. Collect the data c. Gather and train your project team d. Make improvement recommendations
a. State the problem and solution
Your manufacturing process uses a special part. This part is delivered to you from three separate manufacturing plants. Each of the manufacturing plants uses a different process to build this particular part. Which sampling technique would you use to test the part before incorporating it into your manufacturing process? a. Stratified sampling b. Multiple sampling c. Sequential sampling d. Random sampling
a. Stratified sampling
SIPOC stands for: a. Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer b. Supplier, Internal, Process, Output, Customer c. Supplier, Input, Production, Output, Customer d. Supplier, Input, Production, Output, Control
a. Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer
Process that sets the pace of industrial manufacturing lines so that production cycle times can be matched to customer demand rates is: a. Takt Time b. Pull System c. Overall Equipment Effectiveness d. Single Minute Exchange of Dies
a. Takt Time
You have created a Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer (SIPOC) diagram for your business system. You notice that the output of your process has changed but there has been no change in the suppliers, inputs, or the process. What information can be derived from this scenario? a. The SIPOC diagram is not complete b. Changes in output are not controlled by the suppliers, inputs, or the process c. The suppliers, inputs, or the process are unstable d. Changes in output are not related to changes in suppliers, inputs, or the process
a. The SIPOC diagram is not complete
Using the critical path method (CPM), how can you determine if an activity is on the critical path? a. The activity's earliest and latest times of completion are the same b. The activity's slack time is less than the time required to complete the activity c. The activity's latest time of completion is larger than its earliest time of completion d. The activity's slack time is more than the time required to complete the activity
a. The activity's earliest and latest times of completion are the same
The 'F' distribution is used to test: a. The ratio of two Variances b. The ratio of two mean c. The ratio of two standard deviations d. None of the above
a. The ratio of two Variances
A sample Z-test for population means concludes that the null hypotheses should not be rejected. This means that statistically the sample mean is ________the population mean. a. The same as b. Different than c. Larger than d. Not related
a. The same as
When calculating the C sub P index, what does the standard deviation represent in the formula C sub P = (USL-LSL)/6sigma a. The tolerance interval b. The confidence interval for the result c. The range of the process d. The variance of the index
a. The tolerance interval
What is known as "all activities involved in bringing a product from the raw material state to a finished product"? a. Value stream b. Perfection c. Value flow d. Pull value
a. Value stream
Project scope can be defined by answering a series of questions. Which of the following questions would not yield information relevant to project scope? a. What is the critical path of the project? b. What resources are available for the project? c. What are the obstacles and constraints of the project? d. What are the process boundaries of the project?
a. What is the critical path of the project?
Which type of control chart is appropriate for attribute data? a. np chart b. X-bar - R chart c. MX-bar - MR chart d. Median chart
a. np chart
When an inspection process rejects conforming product, what type of error is being made? a. α b. β c. σ d. H sub 0
a. α
Given a standard deviation of 2 and a specification limit range from 70 to 130, what is the ratio of the precision distribution to the precision total? a. -0.20 b. 0.20 c. 5.00 d. -5.00
b. 0.20
This table contains six lots of items from a production run of 100 items and the number of defects found in each lot. Given that there are eight opportunities for defects in the process, what is the defects per million opportunities (DPMO) of this process? Defects 0 1 2 3 4 5 Units 60 18 10 6 4 2 a. 0.10250 b. 102,500 c. 68,750 d. 0.06876
b. 102,500
This Risk Road Map for ISO 31000:2009 follows what sequence? 1. Analyze and evaluate risk 2. Plan risk management 3. Plan risk response 4. Monitor and control risk 5. Risk identification tools a. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 b. 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 c. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 d. 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
b. 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
When performing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, how many different degrees of freedom must be calculated? a. 2 b. 3 c. 1 d. 4
b. 3
What is the probability of rolling either 1, 3, or 6 on a standard single die? a. 33.3% b. 50% c. 0% d. 100%
b. 50%
What is a work breakdown structure (WBS)? a. A measurement of a system used to determine the success of a project b. A detailed listing of activities required to complete a project c. A cumulative calculation of yield over multiple process steps d. A secondary metric derived from a primary metric
b. A detailed listing of activities required to complete a project
Your company manufactures notebooks for students. What is a true statement concerning the company's internal and external customers? a. The retailer that sells the notebooks is an internal customer b. A high school student is an external customer c. A line worker's family is an internal customer c. A line worker is an external customer
b. A high school student is an external customer
Which hypothesis test can be used to detect a difference in three or more population means? a. F test b. ANOVA c. Z test d. Paired t test
b. ANOVA
Which project management and planning tool is originally known as an arrow diagram and incorporates many practices from the program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and the critical path method (CPM)? a. Interrelation diagraphs b. Activity network diagram c. Prioritization matrix d. Affinity diagram
b. Activity network diagram
The producer risk is also known as_________ . a. Consumer risk b. Alpha c. Beta d. Type II error
b. Alpha
When an organization begins implementing Six Sigma practices, what is the typical sequence for the following three events? A. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) B. Training and launch C. Implementation a. A, B, C b. B, C, A c. A, C, B d. B, A, C
b. B, C, A
The distribution that is used to model situations having only two possible outcomes, usually labeled as success or failure, is the: a. Poisson b. Binomial c. Normal d. Chi-square
b. Binomial
Which of the following measures is increased when process performance is improved? a. Variability range b. Capability index c. Repeatability index d. Specification limits
b. Capability index
Which tool can be used to resolve upstream delays that cascade through a system? a. Visual factory b. Continuous flow manufacturing c. Prioritization matrices d. Statistical process control
b. Continuous flow manufacturing
When conducting a brainstorming session, one of the participants is continually cutting into and taking over the other team members' conversations. What approach is used to fix this particular issue? a. Encourage the team member dominating the conversation to begin active listening b. Encourage everyone to participate equally c. Reinforce the dominating team member's point of view d. Reinforce the need to review the data
b. Encourage everyone to participate equally
The idea that complex problems often have simple solutions describes the foundation of which technique used in the Theory of Constraints (TOC) environment? a. Kaizen blitz b. Evaporating clouds c. Prerequisite trees d. Effect-cause-effect
b. Evaporating clouds
A Balance Scorecard should include: a. The Presidents Vision for the company b. Financial and nonfinancial metrics c. A calibrated measurement system d. Electronic signage e. The Quality Management System
b. Financial and nonfinancial metrics
Kaplan's balanced scorecard focuses on which four perspectives of vision and strategy? a. Financial, development, learning and growth, and customers b. Financial, internal business process, learning and growth, and customers c. Research, learning and growth, production, and customers d. Research, development, production, and customers
b. Financial, internal business process, learning and growth, and customers
Which project documentation tool graphically displays the start date, end date, and duration of project activities? a. Work breakdown structure b. Gantt chart c. PERT chart d. Pareto diagram
b. Gantt chart
What does the design matrix typically include for a design of experiment (DOE)? a. Alpha and beta risks b. High and low levels c. Confidence interval d. Selection bias
b. High and low levels
Excessive conflict within a work team: I. Has a negative effect on team members and should be avoided II. Has a positive effect on creating alternate solutions III. Most often results in lose-lose situations a. I only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. III only
b. I and III only
What are the three measures of central tendency: I.Mode II.Median III.Mean IV.Sum V.Difference a. I, II, and IV b. I, II and III c. III, IV and V d. II, III and IV
b. I, II and III
Features of the critical path method (CPM) include: I. The time and cost factors for each activity are considered. II. Activities with the lowest crash cost (per incremental time savings) are selected first. III. As an activity is crashed, it is possible for a new critical path to develop. IV. Each group of activities on the chart is an event. a. I and IV only b. I, II and IIII only c. III and IV only d. IV only
b. I, II and IIII only
A regression analysis has been performed on the study for Customer Complaints versus Time for Training. The p-value is calculated to be 0.04. What does this indicate about the Time for Training? a. It is not a significant statistical factor contributing to customer complaints b. It is a statistically significant factor contributing to customer complaints c. It is a practically significant factor contributing to customer complaints d. It is a highly significant statistical factor contributing to customer complaints
b. It is a statistically significant factor contributing to customer complaints
In creating a customer satisfaction survey, you want to measure the strength of the respondent's opinion while limiting the number of answer choices available to them. Which question format would be most appropriate? a. Open-ended b. Likert scale c. Fill-in-the-blank d. Yes/No
b. Likert scale
A correlation analysis is used to provide a numeric value for which of the following types of relationships between two variables? a. Random b. Linear c. Curvilinear d. Causation
b. Linear
While reviewing and X-bar chart, you notice a set of seven consecutively decreasing points. You check previous control charts and notice that this is no a regular occurrence. What could have caused this behavior? a. Process is over-controlled b. Machine deterioration c. New machine operator d. Incorrectly calculated control limits
b. Machine deterioration
A team is given most of its power by which entity? a. Customer b. Management c. End User d. Team Leader
b. Management
Which Six Sigma role has "tutoring black belts and reviewing projects assigned to them" as one of its main purposes? a. Champions b. Master Black Belt c. Executive sponsors d. Green belt
b. Master Black Belt
Which of the following tools is used extensively in quality function deployment (QFD)? a. Affinity diagram b. Matrix diagram c. Cause and effect diagram d. Activity network diagram
b. Matrix diagram
Given the following Data Set table, which measure of central tendency is equal to 2? Data: 9 3 2 7 8 2 4 1 5 a. Mean b. Mode c. Median d. Range
b. Mode
A Six Sigma project has reduced the variability in a process. What should be done to facilitate further reductions in variability? a. Develop a control plan b. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis c. Hold a brainstorming session d. Perform a failure modes and effects analysis
b. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis
What is known as "the team stage where the team members start working effectively as a group to complete tasks"? a. Forming b. Performing c. Storming d. Norming
b. Performing
You are performing a Six Sigma study for a leading manufacturer of acrylic glass sheets. During the study, you record the thickness of the glass in three places: the top, the middle, and the bottom. Over a full day, you have noticed that the thickness at the top is always 0.1 mm less than the middle, regardless of the machine used to form the acrylic glass sheet. This accounts for the only variation in the end product. Which type of variation is indicted by the results? a Nominal b. Positional c. Cyclical d. Temporal
b. Positional
Which key element of a project charter would contain a baseline measure? a. Project scope b. Problem statement c. Milestones and deliverables d. Business case
b. Problem statement
When inventory levels are initially lowered at the start of the lean journey, it is common to experience: a. No change in throughput b. Problems that emerge that must be solved c. Increased inventory turnover with fewer distractions d. Decreased inventory turns with fewer interruptions
b. Problems that emerge that must be solved
Two processes, A and B, have been examined. Both processes are centered and they remain centered within their specifications. The Cp of each process is equal to its Cpk. Process A's capability ratio (Cr) has been calculated as 0.85 while process B's process capability (Cp) is 0.85. Which statement is true about these processes? a. Process A is capable, process B is capable b. Process A is capable, process B is incapable c. Process A is incapable, process B is capable d. Process A is incapable, process B is incapable
b. Process A is capable, process B is incapable
A DMADV approach is used for a product a. At the end of its product life b. Product is not in existence c. That has been recalled d. The customer sees no added value in it
b. Product is not in existence
What is the correct order of control plan phases as defined by the Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan Reference Manual? a. Pre-launch, prototype, production b. Prototype, pre-launch, production c. Production, pre-launch, prototype d. Production, prototype, pre-launch
b. Prototype, pre-launch, production
Which quality management tool displays connections between customer needs and various product features? a. Parameter (P) Diagram b. Quality Function Deployment c. Cause and effect Diagram d. Relationship Matrix
b. Quality Function Deployment
In order for value flow analysis to be effective, a team must take which of the following steps first? a. Define the value stream b. Eliminate backlogs in the value stream c. Identify overlapping functions in the value stream d. Identify specific work practices within the value stream
a. Define the value stream
The "Theory of Constraints" focuses its continual improvement on: a. Empowering the employee b. Removing system bottlenecks c. Reducing defect d. Improving the bottom line
b. Removing system bottlenecks
Which metric is an appropriate measure of a profit performance goal? a. Courtesy rating b. Return on investment c. Customer retention d. Percent defects
b. Return on investment
Which House of Quality component is a matrix that depicts the association between the design features? a. Foundation b. Roof c. Left wall d. Ceiling
b. Roof
Which graphical method for displaying data is also known as a correlation chart? a. Stem and leaf plot b. Scatter diagram c. Pareto diagram d. Box-and-whisker plot
b. Scatter diagram
The average of five raw data points is called a: a. Parameter b. Statistic c. Constraint d. Population
b. Statistic
Constructed much like a tally column for creating a histogram, except that the last digit of the data value is recorded as data instead of a tally mark: a. Box-and-whisker plot b. Stem-and-leaf plot c. Scatter diagram d. Pareto chart
b. Stem-and-leaf plot
The objective of the define phase of a six sigma project is to define: a. The quality policy b. The customer, core business process involved and CTQ business issues c. The statistics work instructions d. The procedures manual for control charting
b. The customer, core business process involved and CTQ business issues
Which statement is true about the null hypothesis? a. The assumption with the null hypothesis is that the variation is non-random b. The null hypothesis can be rejected or failed to be rejected c. It can be accepted if the evidence does not support rejecting it d. The null hypothesis asserts that something important is occurring
b. The null hypothesis can be rejected or failed to be rejected
An early step in any project must be seeking the voice of the internal and external customers of a project. This statement is: a. False, because projects should only be concerned with external customers. b. True, because both internal and external customers can be impacted by the project. c. True, because a project team wants to maintain good will with all customers. d. False, because internal projects only impact internal customers.
b. True, because both internal and external customers can be impacted by the project.
Which lean tool ensures that the condition and state of manufacturing processes are clear and readily accessible? a. SMED b. Visual factory c. OEE d. Value stream mapping
b. Visual factory
Process capability is calculated as the average number of nonconformities in a sample of fixed size when using which type of charts? a. u chart b. c charts c. p chart d. np chart
b. c charts
The statistics that summarize a population are referred to as a. categorical statistics b. descriptive statistics c. probabilistic statistics d. control statistics
b. descriptive statistics
What is the Cpk for a process with specification limits of 48 and 30 and a process mean of 29 and sigma of 4? a. 1.58 b. 0.08 c. -0.08 d. -1.58
c. -0.08
Many Six Sigma practitioners focus on determining short-term variability with an assumed adjustment of _________ to compensate for drifts to get long-term variability. a. 1.00 Sigma b. 1.33 Sigma c. 1.50 Sigma d. 2.00 Sigma
c. 1.50 Sigma
A sample of 20 plastic bags is randomly taken from a continuous process where the population is 1000 plastic bags. Past studies have demonstrated that 15% of the bags contain defects. Which option represents the probability of finding two defective bags? a. 77.06% b. 15.00% c. 22.94% d. 85.00%
c. 22.94%
You are studying the process of producing chicken feed. You want to find out if making a change to one of the pieces of equipment will change the daily mean output for that process by 12,000 pounds. Historically, the standard deviation of the daily production of chicken feed is 36,000 pounds. Which option represents the minimum sample size required to confirm the significance of a shift for the mean output that is more than 12,000 pounds at a 95% confidence level (Z=1.96), assuming a normal distribution? a. 5 b. 21 c. 35 d. 3
c. 35
Four police dogs are being evaluated for use on a drug detection team. To test the dogs, 20 packages of drugs are hidden throughout a lot of luggage. You need to determine whether there is a significant difference between the dogs' ability to find drugs based on this test. You decide to use the chi-squared test. Given a confidence interval of 95%, what is the critical value (X-squared)? Result/Dog ID 1 2 3 4 Drugs found 17 18 16 20 Drugs not found 3 2 4 0 a. 0.352 b. 5.99 c. 7.81 d. 0.1026
c. 7.81
The roles and responsibilities of a Champion include all of the following EXCEPT: a. A Champion selects the Team Leader. b. A Champion reviews team progress. c. A Champion coordinates team logistics. d. A Champion assures the use of Six Sigma methods and tools.
c. A Champion coordinates team logistics
Which is the best description of mutually exclusive events? a. Events A and B cannot occur at the same time b. Events A and B both occur at the same time c. All sample points not contained in event A d. All sample points contained in event A
a. Events A and B cannot occur at the same time
Which inference test would you use to test if the variances of the two samples are equal? a. F test b. 2 mean unequal variance t test c. 2 mean equal variance t test d. Paired t test
a. F test
Which of the following tools is used to translate broad requirements into specific requirements? a. A quality control plan b. The theory of constraints (TOC) c. A critical to quality (CTQ) tree d. A process flowchart
c. A critical to quality (CTQ) tree
A signal system use to assist operators and management in monitoring the process is: a. 5S b. A3 c. Andon d. Standard work
c. Andon
Which Six Sigma concept involves creating value for stakeholders by understanding, controlling, and improving overall business processes? a. QFD b. FMEA c. BPM d. PDCA
c. BPM
A furniture store receives mattresses that are defective but considered good. What is the possibility of making this type of error called? a. Alpha b. Ordinal c. Beta d. Nominal
c. Beta
What are process level metrics? a. Executive level measurements of operations and financial results b. Metrics that are indicative of the customer's exposure to variation over the long term c. Measures that relate the cost and time required to manufacture products d. Measurements made by workers and machinery to ensure normal operation
d. Measurements made by workers and machinery to ensure normal operation
Given the following Data Set table, which measure of central tendency is equal to 4? Data: 9 3 2 7 8 2 4 1 5 a. Mode b. Range c. Mean d. Median
d. Median
During project team meetings, the Team Leader is responsible for all of the following activities EXCEPT: a. Starts and ends the meeting on time b. Stays on the agenda c. Leads brainstorming sessions d. Monitors how much time the team spends on each agenda item
d. Monitors how much time the team spends on each agenda item
The Japanese term for waste is: a. Gemba b. Jidoka c. Kanban d. Muda
d. Muda
Each member of a team silently selects three problems from a pre-generated list of nine issues. The most often selected issues become the focus of an improvement project. Which team tool was used in this scenario? a. Brainstorming b. Groupthink c. Nominal group technique d. Multivoting
d. Multivoting
Some activities performed in operations do not change the form or function of the product or service, and the customer is not willing to pay for these activities. These activities are labeled: a. Rework b. Value-Added c. Pull d. Non-Value-Added
d. Non-Value-Added
Which option represents the main characteristic indicating a significant interaction on an interaction plot? a. Steep line b. Parallel lines c. Lines consistently far apart d. Non-parallel lines
d. Non-parallel lines
Which of the following shapes is used to present a termination point in a flowchart? a. Rectangle b. Diamond c. Arrow d. Oval
d. Oval
Which data analysis tool would you use to prioritize the order in which problems should be addressed? a. Line graph b. Control chart c. Matrix diagram d. Pareto diagram
d. Pareto diagram
During which project closure step is a formal project review, or critique, conducted? a. Document archiving b. Risk analysis c. Final report d. Postmortem analysis
d. Postmortem analysis
When evaluating the cost of poor quality (COPQ), what is an example of an internal failure cost? a. Equipment calibration b. Procedure reviews c. Restocking costs d. Excess inventory
d. Excess inventory
Which test examines the variance of multiple sample means? a. ANOVA b. MUDA c. Student's t Test d. F Distribution
d. F Distribution
The quality guru who developed the concept of Cost of Quality was: a. Juran b. Deming c. Ishikawa d. Feigenbaum e. None of the above
d. Feigenbaum
Under which line item in a control plan would you find information on how measurements are made? a. Gage capability b. Control method c. Specifications d. Gage technique
d. Gage technique
Which hazard severity classification from MIL-STD-1629 describes a failure that may cause death? a. III b. IV c. II d. I
d. I
When the natural process limits are compared with the specification range, which of the following possible courses of action may result: I.Do nothing II.Change the specifications III.Center the process IV.Reduce variability V. Accept the loss a. I Only b. III Only c. II, III and IV only d. I, II, III, IV and V
d. I, II, III, IV and V
What could cause a lack of variability in average (X-bar) control chart? a. Process is over-controlled b. New machine operator c. Machine deterioration d. Incorrectly calculated control limits
d. Incorrectly calculated control limits
The critical path for a project is best described as the a. Sequence of steps with the highest costs b. Tasks in the project that have the highest risk of failure c. Sum of the tasks with the shortest time requirements d. Longest path from the start to the completion of the project
d. Longest path from the start to the completion of the project
Which type of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used to study and evaluate manufacturing and assembly? a. System b. Service c. Design d. Process
d. Process
A Six Sigma improvement initiative failed to sufficiently improve a process. New ideas must be generated for continued improvement efforts. Which improvement method should be employed? a. Hold a brainstorming session b. Develop a control plan c. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis d. Perform a failure modes and effects analysis
a. Hold a brainstorming session
What is the purpose of a Gage Repeatability and Reproduciblility (GR&R): a. Identification of the variability of the measurement system b. Identification of the accuracy of the measurement system c. Identification of the variability between operators d. Identification of the accuracy of two different measurement systems
a. Identification of the variability of the measurement system
If r = 0.97, as the independent variable b increase, one would expect the dependent variable to______ a. Increase b. Decrease c. Stay the same d. Can't tell
a. Increase
Which tool classifies customer requirements as dissatisfiers, satisfiers, and delighters? a. Kano analysis b. Quality function deployment c. Affinity diagram d. Critical to quality tree
a. Kano analysis
What does the angle of the slope indicate in a plot graph for an input factor? a. Main effect b. Measurement error c. Interaction of factors d. High or low levels
a. Main effect
Which of the following measures is used to show the ratio of defects to units? a. DPU b. DPO c. DPMO d. PPM
a. DPU
What is the effect of automating a poorly designed process? a. Defect levels will only stabilize b. Defect levels will stabilize or increase c. Defects levels will not be affected d. Defect levels will stabilize or decrease
d. Defect levels will stabilize or decrease
Which of the following is a commonly accepted level for alpha risk? a. 0.05 b. 0.50 c. 0.70 d. 0.95
a. 0.05
A bag contains 20 blue poker chips, 35 green poker chips, and 24 red poker chips. What is the probability of pulling out a blue chip, followed by a green chip, followed by a red chip? a. 3.5% b. 5.9% c. 3.4% d. 2.1%
a. 3.5%
Your manufacturing process has the following steps with the indicated yields: -Step 1: 98% -Step 2: 95% -Step 3: 87% -Step 4: 90% -Step 5: 75% What is the rolled throughput yield (RTY) of this process? a. 54.7% b. 55.0% c. 89.0% d. 45.3%
a. 54.7%
Which formula represents the P/T ratio? a. 6*standard deviation / (USL - LSL) b. (Product Variation + Measurement Variation) / 6*standard deviation c. (USL - LSL) / 6*standard deviation d. 6*standard deviation / (Product Variation + Measurement Variation)
a. 6*standard deviation / (USL - LSL)
For a normal distribution, two standard deviations on each side of the mean would include what percentage of the total population? a. 95% b. 68% c. 47% d. 34%
a. 95%
Which two design methodologies are commonly used in Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) projects? a. DMADV and IDOV b. DMADV and PDSA c. DMAIC and PDSA d. DMAIC and IDOV
a. DMADV and IDOV
When performing a one-way ANOVA, how is the treatment sum of squares calculated? a. By finding the difference between the total degrees of freedom and the treatment degrees of freedom b. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each observation within a treatment from the treatment average c. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each treatment average from the grand average c. By finding the difference between the crude sum of squares and the correction factor
c. By finding the sum of the squared deviations of each treatment average from the grand average
When using the classical approach to team problem solving, what is the final step? a. Define the problem b. Investigate the problem c. Confirm the results d. Implement a solution
c. Confirm the results
When the same functions performed by different machines produce different results, which type of variation can this be attributed to in a multi-vari chart? a. Positional b. Temporal c. Cyclical d. Ordinal
c. Cyclical
The constraints of a system have been identified. What is the next step in applying the Theory of Constraints (TOC)? a. Return to the first step b. Elevate the system's constraints c. Decide how to exploit the system's constraints d. Subordinate everything else to the above decisions
c. Decide how to exploit the system's constraints
What is an example of variable data? a. Welds per unit b. Number of scratches c. Depth of a cut d. Scrapped parts
c. Depth of a cut
What is known as "a distribution based on counted data"? a. Continuous Distribution b. Decision Distribution c. Discrete Distribution d. Normal Distribution
c. Discrete Distribution
The type of need where a customer thinks they desire a product is known as "perceived needs", who coined the term "perceived needs"? a. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa b. Dr. W. Edwards Deming c. Dr. Joseph M. Juran d. Dr. Walter A. Stewhart
c. Dr. Joseph M. Juran
Which Design Objective meets the Design Output of Point-of-Sale transaction system allows sales to be completed within five minutes? a. Extended functionality b. Maintainability c. Efficiency d. Security e. Compliance to Kyoto standards for emissions
c. Efficiency
Which method would be used to correct the problem of team members discussing issues unrelated to the purpose of a team meeting? a. Ensure team members are actively listening b. Ask team members to provide relevant data c. Ensure team members follow the prearranged agenda d. Ask team members to provide different solutions to the problem
c. Ensure team members follow the prearranged agenda
Which of the following tools is used to identify, estimate, prioritize, and reduce the risk of failure in CTQs through the development of actions (process changes) and contingency plans based on Xs. a. Process Flow Diagram. b. Affinity Diagram. c. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). d. Histogram.
c. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA).
Which quality pioneer is best known for developing engineering methods for robust product design? a. Walter A Shewhart b. Joseph M. Juran c. Genichi Taguchi d. Kaoru Ishikawa
c. Genichi Taguchi
The benefits of a process map include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Serves as a training and orientation tool b. Helps identify when and where to collect data c. Helps determine sigma values d. Identifies non value added activities
c. Helps determine sigma values
The fishbone diagram is also known as a: I. Ishikawa Diagram II. Scatter Diagram III. Process Flow Diagram IV. Causes and Effect Diagram a. I Only b. I, II and IV only c. I and IV only d. I, II, II and IV only
c. I and IV only
During which step of the Identify, Design, Optimize, and Validate (IDOV) design methodology would a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) be created? a. Optimize b. Design c. Identify d. Validate
c. Identify
Which lean concept describes an improvement initiative in a specific area, by a number of individuals from different groups, over a short period of time? a. Kaizen b. Poka-yoke c. Kaizen blitz d. TPM
c. Kaizen blitz
Which statement correctly defines a difference between Kaizen and Kaizen blitz? a. Typically, Kaizen follows six stages, whereas Kaizen blitz follows three stages b. Kaizen is a project-based approach focused on continuous improvement using multiple lean tools whereas Kaizen blitz is a task-based approach focused on continuous improvement using a single lean tool c. Kaizen projects can last weeks or months whereas Kaizen blitz lasts days d. Kaizen is used to identify the constraints in the process whereas Kaizen blitz skips this task
c. Kaizen projects can last weeks or months whereas Kaizen blitz lasts days
Where in the house of quality would you find a list of customer needs and desires? a. Right wall b. Foundation c. Left wall d. Roof
c. Left wall
Which of the following terms is used to describe the risk of a type I error in a hypothesis test? a. Power b. Confidence level c. Level of significance d. Beta risk
c. Level of significance
An experiment is designed to test the effect of weight on the elasticity of a certain material. In the experiment, weights of various sizes were used. The include 2 grams, 6 grams, 14 grams, and 20 grams. What do these various sizes represent? a. Main Effect b. Factors c. Levels d. Residuals
c. Levels
An activity that adds no value for the customer to a process or product describes which lean concept? a. Just-in-time b. Perfection c. Muda d. Level loading
c. Muda
Multivoting is a variation of which of the following team tools? a. Brainstorming b. Force field analysis c. Nominal group techniques d. Consensus
c. Nominal group techniques
The concept of measuring how effectively a manufacturing operation is utilized is: a. Takt Time b. Pull System c. Overall Equipment Effectiveness d. Single Minute Exchange of Dies
c. Overall Equipment Effectiveness
Which of the following tools can be used to identify and quantify the source of a problem? a. Affinity diagram b. Control chart c. Pareto chart d. Quality function deployment
c. Pareto chart
A Six Sigma improvement project has reduced the risk associated with a critical portion of a production process. The project team must now focus on the next highest priority risk in the process. How can the next highest priority risk be found? a. Develop a control plan b. Hold a brainstorming session c. Perform a failure modes and effects analysis d. Perform a measurement system capability re-analysis
c. Perform a failure modes and effects analysis
The analysis of lessons learned, or what went well and what went wrong during a project would most likely take place during which of the following? a. Milestones reporting. b. Document archiving. c. Post mortem analysis. d. Project champion updates.
c. Post mortem analysis.
Which project management and planning tool is used to plan for multiple contingencies and to steer events towards the ultimate, complex goal? a. Matrix diagrams b. Interrelation diagraphs c. Process decision program charts d. Affinity diagrams
c. Process decision program charts
A measurement system analysis is designed to assess the statistical properties of a. Gage variation b. Process performance c. Process stability d. Engineering tolerances
c. Process stability
Which type of sampling requires giving every part an equal chance of being selected for the sample: a. Stratified b. Sequential c. Random d. Tightened
c. Random
Segregating data from different mold cavities in a production line is an example of: a. Red Bead Experimentation b. Process Control Plan c. Rational Subgrouping d. Factor Allocation
c. Rational Subgrouping
Which of the following is the key objective of a six sigma project? a. Developing detailed control charts for critical processes b. Developing a matrix to understand the how's and what's of a problem process c. Reducing variation in critical processes d. Reducing investment costs while improving output quality
c. Reducing variation in critical processes
Which tool can be specifically used to help set priorities for key process output variables? a. Check Sheets b. Attribute Charts c. Relational Matrix d. Control Charts
c. Relational Matrix
Which is best defined as performing an experimental run multiple times by completely breaking down the setup and set point between runs? a. Repetition b. Parallel Experiments c. Replication d. Sequential Experiments
c. Replication
Which option represents the difference between observed values and the corresponding values predicted by your equation? a. Precision b. Qualitative c. Residuals d. Sensitivity
c. Residuals
During which phase of the risk management methodology are actions put in place to mitigate project risk? a. Risk handling b. Risk assessment c. Risk analysis d. Risk planning
c. Risk analysis
Which organizational role supporting Six Sigma initiatives is normally trained as a black belt and facilitator? a. Team Member b. Sponsor c. Team Leader d. Coach
c. Team Leader
A company wished to reduce muda in their manufacturing process by achieving single-piece-flow. How should their cycle time be modified? a. The cycle time of all operations in a complete process should be greater than the takt time b. The cycle time of each operation in a complete process should be equal to the takt time c. The cycle time of all operations in a complete process should be equal to the takt time d. The cycle time of each operation in a complete process should be greater than the takt time
c. The cycle time of all operations in a complete process should be equal to the takt time
Regarding communication flow, what is a drawback to a downward flow of communication? a. Information is shared between other organizational units in the same level b. Subordinates withhold discrediting information form supervisors c. The initial message is distorted once it reaches its intended recipient d. Supervisors are only given positive information
c. The initial message is distorted once it reaches its intended recipient
It is most important that key metrics for a Six Sigma project are aligned with: a. The overall cost and timing for the project b. The team responsibility matrix c. The key business and strategic objectives d. The project leaders previous goals and objectives
c. The key business and strategic objectives
How are degrees of freedom determined in a 2 mean equal variance t test? a. The Welch-Satterthwaite equation b. The ratio between the squares of two samples' standard deviations c. The total number of measurements minus two d. The total number of measurements minus one
c. The total number of measurements minus two
Under which lean philosophy is throughput increased by removing bottlenecks in a process? a. Poka-yoke b. Total productive maintenance c. Theory of Constraints d. Kaizen
c. Theory of Constraints
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) uses which three basic measures to evaluate systems? a. Machine efficiency, equipment utilization, and operational expenses b. Machine efficiency, equipment utilization, and downtime c. Throughput, inventory, and operational expenses d. Throughput, inventory, and downtime
c. Throughput, inventory, and operational expenses
Why would an organization use Six Sigma processes? a. To reduce their number of defects to around 6,210 defects per million opportunities b. To acquire new customers by branching into new markets c. To consistently develop near-perfect products and services d. To reduce their defective rate to 0.6%
c. To consistently develop near-perfect products and services
A simple graphic that uses icons to illustrate the movement of material, information, inventory, work-in-process, operators and so on is commonly called a: a. Flow Chart b. Process Map c. Value Stream Map d. Cell Diagram
c. Value Stream Map
An operator being unable to work due to a broken machine is an example of which type of muda? a. Transport b. Processing c. Waiting d. Motion
c. Waiting
The use of the multi-variable chart is useful for all of the following EXCEPT? a. Within-sample variation b. Sample-to-sample variation within batches of samples c. Weighted average-to-standard weights d. Batch-to-batch variation
c. Weighted average-to-standard weights
A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has identified four issues and their probability of occurrence, severity, and the effectiveness of control measures currently in place to catch the issue. These issues, and the appropriate weighted index values, are presented in the following table. Issue ID Probability Severity Effectiveness A 4 4 7 B 9 5 1 C 6 4 2 D 5 4 7 Which issue should be addressed first? a b c d
d
What is the range for the correlation coefficient r? a. -2 to 2 b. 0 to 1 c. -1 to 0 d. -1 to 1
d. -1 to 1
A sample of 20 plastic bags is randomly taken from a continuous process where the population is 1000 plastic bags. Past studies have demonstrated that 15% of the bags contain defects. Which option represents the probability of finding two defective bags? a. 77.06% b. 85.00% c. 15.00% d. 22.94%
d. 22.94%
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is commonly referred to as: a. The House of Quality b. Listening to the voice of the customer c. Quality Fundamentals d. A and B
d. A and B
Which customer would influence the company at the operations level? a. A supplier of raw material for the company's product b. A member of the company's top management c. A shareholder owning stock in the company d. A customer who purchases the company's product
d. A customer who purchases the company's product
Which statement describes TPM? a. A high-level process map that depicts the suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs, and customers of a process b. An approach that orders product, service, or process design to minimize the potential for faws or errors that may be built into a design c. A proactive quality tool that helps you to identify, define, prioritize, and eliminate known or potential failures of the design, system, or manufacturing process d. A proactive approach with the goal of removing deficiencies from machines to minimize or eliminate defects and downtime
d. A proactive approach with the goal of removing deficiencies from machines to minimize or eliminate defects and downtime
Which document can be used as a communication tool to demonstrate root causes of problems, outline actions, and identify results? a. Management review b. Project charter c. Status report d. A3 report
d. A3 report
Which method for resolving conflict is the least assertive but the most cooperative? a. Collaborating b. Competing c. Avoiding d. Accommodating
d. Accommodating
Coding data frequently improves the efficiency of data entry due to: a. Inspectors trying to squeeze too many digits into small block on a check sheet form b. Reduced follow through and increased errors by clerks at keyboards c. Reduced sensitivity due to runoff of large sequences of digits d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
What is the goal of Lean Manufacturing? a. Reduction of defects b. Elimination of waste c. Increased profits d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following methods is an effective tool to use when collecting customer data: a. Written surveys. b. Focus groups. c. Interviews by phone or in person. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Other names for the Fishbone Chart include all of the following, except: a. Ishikawa Diagram b. Cause-and-Effect Diagram c. Feather Diagram d. All of these are terms that have been used for the Fishbone
d. All of these are terms that have been used for the Fishbone
Which action is taken in the Control step of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) process? a. Root causes of defects and opportunities for improvement are found b. Data is collected to determine the current status of the process c. Customers and their requirements and expectations are outlined d. An ongoing monitoring plan is developed
d. An ongoing monitoring plan is developed
Which method of quantifying measurement errors is the most accurate? a. Percent Agreement method b. Range method c. Average and Range method d. Analysis of Variance method
d. Analysis of Variance method
Which of the following statements is true concerning benchmarking? a. Benchmarking provides a strictly competitive analysis b. Benchmarking is subjective in nature c. Benchmarking is a relatively easy to implement and provides an early warning system for operational deficiencies d. Benchmarking is a structured method of adopting the best features of successful processes
d. Benchmarking is a structured method of adopting the best features of successful processes
When the sampling method used creates a difference between the result obtained from the sample and the actual population value, the difference is known as a. Correlation b. Precision c. Accuracy d. Bias
d. Bias
Which tool can be used to break down a problem into manageable pieces? a. Normal Distribution b. Histogram c. Control Chart d. Cause-and-Effect Diagram
d. Cause-and-Effect Diagram
After the customers and their needs are identified, what is the next step in collecting Voice of the Customer (VOC) data? a. Refine customer needs b. Create specifications c. Determine critical to quality characteristics d. Collect and analyze data
d. Collect and analyze data
Which index is used to calculate attribute capability? a. DPMO b. p Chart c. c Chart d. Cpm
d. Cpm
Which tool is used to translate general customer requirements into specific requirements? a. Quality function deployment b. Kano analysis c. Affinity diagram d. Critical to quality tree
d. Critical to quality tree
How is criticality assigned in a failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)? a. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect customer satisfaction b. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect production cost c. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect delivery to the customer d. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect the system as a whole
d. Criticality is assigned based on how the failure will affect the system as a whole
Which design methodology would you use when considering a Six Sigma improvement project for an existing process? a. DMADV b. DPMO c. DFSS d. DMAIC
d. DMAIC
In the 1920's, Dr. Walter A. Shewhart of Bell Telephone Laboratories developed a theory of Statistical Quality Control (SQC). He concluded that there were two components to variations that were displayed in all manufacturing processes. What are these components? a. X variables & R variables (& R charts) b. Cause issues and effects issues (C&E diagrams) c. Gage repeatability and gage reproducibility d. Random variation and intermittent variation
d. Random variation and intermittent variation
The temperature fluctuates in the environment where your production process creates widgets. The temperature is cool in the morning hours of the day and slowly shifts to hot during the afternoon hours. The process is somewhat sensitive to temperature. How would you expect this to present itself on an average control chart for your process? a. Lack of variability b. Jumps in process level c. Points near or outside the control limits d. Recurring cycles
d. Recurring cycles
Which option represents an input for the process to create study materials? a. DVDs b. Author c. Customer d. Reviewer
d. Reviewer
Regarding risk analysis and management, how is risk calculated? a. Risk = (length of the project) x [(probability of event) / (cost of event)] b. Risk = (cost of event) c. Risk = [(probability of event) / (length of the project)] x (cost of event) d. Risk = (probability of event) x (cost of event)
d. Risk = (probability of event) x (cost of event)
Which tool is used in a Six Sigma process improvement project to identify relevant elements such as process inputs and outputs before work begins? a. Process FMEA b. Kanban c. Visual factory d. SIPOC diagram
d. SIPOC diagram
Which tool is used as a form of quality control and is deployed during process baseline estimation to monitor the variables and parameters occurring within a particular process? a. Flow charts b. Histograms c. Process maps d. SPC charts
d. SPC charts
Which tool can be used to analyze risks on a Six Sigma project? a. RACI charts b. Kaizen blitz c. HOQ matrix d. SWOT analysis
d. SWOT analysis
Which step of the 5S program includes ensuring that all tools are present and put away in the proper location? a. Shitsuke b. Seiketso c. Seiso d. Seiton
d. Seiton
In statistical process control, when a point falls outside of control limits, the probability is quite high that the process is experiencing _____________ . a. Common cause variation b. Student t variation c. A reduction of variables d. Special cause variation
d. Special cause variation
Which formula would you use to calculate the value of sigma for use in calculating Ppk? a. (USL - X-bar) / 3 b. (USL - LSL) / 6 c. R-bar / d2 d. Square root (Sum (X - X-bar)^2 / (n - 1))
d. Square root (Sum (X - X-bar)^2 / (n - 1))
Statistical process control (SPC) is best defined as the use of a. Pareto charts to understand and control a process b. Inputs to control critical and complex processes c. Statistical methods to identify and remove manufacturing errors d. Statistical methods to understand and control a process
d. Statistical methods to understand and control a process
The effects of a change are observed during which step of the Deming-Shewhart cycle? a. Act b. Plan c. Do d. Study
d. Study
Which lean concept is also known as the heartbeat of the lean organization? a. Single-piece flow b. Single Minute Exchange of Dies c. Value stream d. Takt time
d. Takt time
Which option describes a paired t test interference test? a. The difference in means is calculated from two samples with unknown, but assumed unequal, variances b. The difference in means is calculated from two samples with unknown, but assumed equal, variances c. The variances of two samples' data are compared for equality d. The difference in means is calculated from data collected in tandem from two samples
d. The difference in means is calculated from data collected in tandem from two samples
Your company is building a balanced scorecard. The scope of the card has been defined. A facilitator has gathered information from senior management and an executive workshop has been conducted to draft the measures for the balanced scorecard. What is the next step in the development process? a. A task team develops an implementation plan b. Another workshop is held to refine the balanced scorecard c. The balanced scorecard is periodically reviewed d. The facilitator creates a draft of the balanced scorecard
d. The facilitator creates a draft of the balanceD scorecard
You are part of a Six Sigma team. You create a scatter diagram of the amount of snowfall against the number of skis sold. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 is calculated. What can by inferred by this result? a. An increase in the amount of snowfall causes a reduction in the number of skis sold b. An increase in the amount of snowfall causes an increase in the number of skis sold c. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold decreases d. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold increases
d. When the amount of snowfall increases, the number of skis sold increases
What is the best way to select six sigma projects when addressing customer satisfaction issues? a.Problem Focus b.Product Focus c.Project Cost Savings Focus d.Process Focus
d.Process Focus
Lean experts define a process step as value-added if: a. The customer recognizes the value b. It changes (transforms) the product c. It is done right the first time d. A & C e. A, B & C
e. A, B & C
