Skeleton System Exam

Which of the following is a bone of the brain case? A. parietal bone B. zygomatic bone C. maxillary bone D. lacrimal bone

A. Parietal Bone

A meniscus is ________. A. a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones B. a fluid-filled space that prevents friction between a muscle tendon and underlying bone C. the articular cartilage that covers the ends of a bone at a synovial joint D. the lubricating fluid within a synovial joint

A. a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones

The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? A. a hole B. a facet C. a canal D. a fissure

A. a hole

Wolff's law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ________ A. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left. B. a right-handed cyclist will have thicker bones in her right leg compared to her left. C. a broken bone will heal thicker than it was before the fracture. D. a bed-ridden patient will have thicker bones than an athlete.

A. a right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right arm compared to his left.

A typical lumbar vertebra has ________. A. a short, rounded spinous process B. a bifid spinous process C. articulation sites for ribs D. a transverse foramen

A. a short, rounded spinous process

What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula? A. acromion B. coracoid process C. supraglenoid tubercle D. glenoid cavity

A. acromion

Which of the following are joined by a symphysis? A. adjacent vertebrae B. the first rib and the sternum C. the end and shaft of a long bone D. the radius and ulna bones

A. adjacent vertebrae

The paranasal sinuses are ________. A. air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only B. air-filled spaces found within all bones of the skull C. not connected to the nasal cavity D. divided at the midline by the nasal septum

A. air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

Yellow marrow has been identified as ________. A. an area of fat storage B. a point of attachment for muscles C. the hard portion of bone D. the cause of kyphosis

A. an area of fat storage

Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion? A. ball-and-socket B. hinge C. condyloid D. plane

A. ball-and-socket

The clavicle ________. A. develops via intramembranous ossification B. develops via endochondral ossification C. is the last bone of the body to begin ossification D. is fully ossified at the time of birth

A. develops via intramembranous ossification

Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. A. epiphyseal plate B. perichondrium C. periosteum D. medullary cavity

A. epiphyseal plate

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt? A. estrogen and testosterone B. calcitonin and calcitriol C. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone D. thyroxine and progesterone

A. estrogen and testosterone

Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus? A. greater tubercle B. trochlea C. lateral epicondyle D. lesser tubercle

A. greater tubercle

Supination is the motion that moves the ________. A. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position B. foot so that the bottom of the foot faces the midline of the body C. hand from the palm forward position to the palm backward position D. scapula in an upward direction

A. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position

The pelvis ________. A. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females B. consists of the two hip bones, but does not include the sacrum or coccyx C. has an obturator foramen, an opening that is defined in part by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments D. has a space located inferior to the pelvic brim called the greater pelvis

A. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone? A. ilium B. pubis C. ischium D. sacrum

A. ilium

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. A. irregular B. sesamoid C. flat D. short

A. irregular

The tubercle of a rib ________. A. is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra B. is for articulation with the body of a thoracic vertebra C. provides for passage of blood vessels and a nerve D. is the area of greatest rib curvature

A. is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

The proximal radioulnar joint ________. A. is supported by the annular ligament B. contains an articular disc that strongly unites the bones C. is supported by the ulnar collateral ligament D. is a hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension of the forearm

A. is supported by the annular ligament

The joints between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae can contribute to which movement? A. lateral flexion B. circumduction C. dorsiflexion D. abduction

A. lateral flexion

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? A. long bone B. sesamoid bone C. short bone D. flat bone

A. long bone

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________. A. periosteum B. epiphysis C. endosteum D. diaphysis

A. periosteum

Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ________. A. sella turcica B. squamous portion C. glabella D. zygomatic process

A. sella turcica

The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ________. A. seven vertebrae B. 12 vertebrae C. five vertebrae D. a single bone derived from the fusion of five vertebrae

A. seven vertebrae

The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a ________. A. synchondrosis B. synostosis C. symphysis D. syndesmosis

A. synchondrosis

Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula? A. syndesmosis B. symphysis C. suture D. gomphosis

A. syndesmosis

An example of a wide fibrous joint is ________. A. the interosseous membrane of the forearm B. a gomphosis C. a suture joint D. a synostosis

A. the interosseous membrane of the forearm

Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis? A. the metacarpophalangeal joint B. the hip joint C. the elbow joint D. the pubic symphysis

A. the metacarpophalangeal joint

Endochondral ossification is ________. A. the process that replaces hyaline cartilage with bone tissue B. the process by which mesenchyme differentiates directly into bone tissue C. completed before birth D. the process that gives rise to the joint interzone and future joint cavity

A. the process that replaces hyaline cartilage with bone tissue

All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except A. thyroxine B. calcitonin C. parathyroid hormone D. vitamin D

A. thyroxine

Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking. A. vitamin D B. vitamin K C. calcitonin D. fluoride

A. vitamin D

How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

B. 3

In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes? A. They develop into osteocytes. B. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity. C. They grow and form the periosteum. D. They group together to form the primary ossification center.

B. They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity.

The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ________. A. include the lumbar curve B. are remnants of the original fetal curvature C. include the cervical curve D. develop after the time of birth

B. are remnants of the original fetal curvature

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________. A. in the medullary cavity B. beneath the periosteum C. in the epiphyseal plate D. within the metaphysis

B. beneath the periosteum

The skeletal system is made of ________. A. muscles and tendons B. bones and cartilage C. vitreous humor D. minerals and fat

B. bones and cartilage

Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated? A. thyroxine B. calcitonin C. parathyroid hormone D. vitamin D

B. calcitonin

Which of the following can be found in areas of movement? A. hematopoiesis B. cartilage C. yellow marrow D. red marrow

B. cartilage

Embryonic development of the axial skeleton involves ________. A. intramembranous ossification, which forms the facial bones. B. endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum C. the notochord, which produces the cartilage models for the vertebrae D. the formation of hyaline cartilage models, which give rise to the flat bones of the skull

B. endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum

The diaphysis contains ________. A.the metaphysis B. fat stores C. spongy bone D. compact bone

B. fat stores

The axial skeleton ________. A. consists of 126 bones B. forms the vertical axis of the body C. includes all bones of the body trunk and limbs D. includes only the bones of the lower limbs

B. forms the vertical axis of the body

The radius bone ________. A. is found on the medial side of the forearm B. has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna C. does not articulate with any of the carpal bones D. has the radial tuberosity located near its distal end

B. has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

The sternum ________. A. consists of only two parts, the manubrium and xiphoid process B. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body C. receives direct attachments from the costal cartilages of all 12 pairs of ribs D. articulates directly with the thoracic vertebrae

B. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

Which type of joint allows for only uniaxial movement? A. saddle joint B. hinge joint C. condyloid joint D. ball-and-socket joint

B. hinge joint

Condyloid joints ________. A. are a type of ball-and-socket joint B. include the radiocarpal joint C. are a uniaxial diarthrosis joint D. are found at the proximal radioulnar joint

B. include the radiocarpal joint

A cartilaginous joint ________. A. has a joint cavity B. is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage C. anchors the teeth to the jaws D. is formed by a wide sheet of fibrous connective tissue

B. is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage

Which of the following supports body weight when sitting? A. iliac crest B. ischial tuberosity C. ischiopubic ramus D. pubic body

B. ischial tuberosity

Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments? A. fovea capitis B. lesser trochanter C. head D. medial condyle

B. lesser trochanter

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________. A. frontal bone B. occipital bone C. other parietal bone D. temporal bone

B. occipital bone

Intramembranous ossification ________. A. gives rise to the bones of the limbs B. produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull C. produces the bones of the face and base of the skull D. involves the conversion of a hyaline cartilage model into bone

B. produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull

Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? A. storage of minerals B. protection of internal organs C. facilitation of movement D. fat storage

B. protection of internal organs

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. A, flat bones B. short bones C. sesamoid bones D. irregular bones

B. short bones

Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium? A. shaft B. sternal end C. acromial end D. coracoid process

B. sternal end

Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis? A. the pubic symphysis B. the manubriosternal joint C. an invertebral disc D. the shoulder joint

B. the manubriosternal joint

Which region of the vertebral column has the greatest range of motion for rotation? A. cervical B. thoracic C. lumbar D. sacral

B. thoracic

What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes? A. 7 B. 14 C. 26 D. 30

C. 26

A syndesmosis is ________. A. a narrow fibrous joint B. the type of joint that unites bones of the skull C. a fibrous joint that unites parallel bones D. the type of joint that anchors the teeth in the jaws

C. a fibrous joint that unites parallel bones

Which of the following is a type of synovial joint? A. a synostosis B. a suture C. a plane joint D. a synchondrosis

C. a plane joint

Movement at the shoulder joint that moves the upper limb laterally away from the body is called ________. A. elevation B. eversion C. abduction D. lateral rotation

C. abduction

A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________. A. glenohumeral joint B. costoclavicular joint C. acromioclavicular joint D. sternoclavicular joint

C. acromioclavicular joint

The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an invertebral disc is classified as which type of joint? A. diarthrosis B. multiaxial C. amphiarthrosis D. synarthrosis

C. amphiarthrosis

Why is cartilage slow to heal? A. because it eventually develops into bone B. because it is semi-solid and flexible C. because it does not have a blood supply D. because endochondral ossification replaces all cartilage with bone

C. because it does not have a blood supply

Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint? A.trochlea B. styloid process C. capitulum D. olecranon process

C. capitulum

Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly. A. acromial process B. clavicle C. coracoid process D. glenoid fossa

C. coracoid process

Synovial joints ________. A. are derived from fontanelles B. are produced by intramembranous ossification C. develop at an interzone site D. are produced by endochondral ossification

C. develop at an interzone site

Which motion moves the bottom of the foot away from the midline of the body? A. elevation B. dorsiflexion C. eversion D. plantar flexion

C. eversion

During endochondral ossification of a long bone, ________. A. a primary ossification center will develop within the epiphysis B. mesenchyme will differentiate directly into bone tissue C. growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening D. all epiphyseal plates will disappear before birth

C. growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening

Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? A. bone growth B. bone remodeling C. hematopoiesis D. shock absorption

C. hematopoiesis

The ankle joint ________. A. is also called the subtalar joint B. allows for gliding movements that produce inversion/eversion of the foot C. is a uniaxial hinge joint D. is supported by the tibial collateral ligament on the lateral side

C. is a uniaxial hinge joint

The tibia ________. A. has an expanded distal end called the lateral malleolus B. is not a weight-bearing bone C. is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane D. can be palpated (felt) under the skin only at its proximal and distal ends

C. is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? A. Haversian systems B. Haversian canals C. lamellae D. lacunae

C. lamellae

A typical vertebra has ________. A. a vertebral foramen that passes through the body B. a superior articular process that projects downward to articulate with the superior portion of the next lower vertebra C. lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process D. a pair of laterally projecting spinous processes

C. lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process

Which one of the following foods is best for bone health? A. carrots B. liver C. leafy green vegetables D. oranges

C. leafy green vegetables

The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures? A. inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus B. pectineal line and arcuate line C. lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch D. anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine

C. lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch

Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ________. A. counterweight B. resistive force C. lever D. fulcrum

C. lever

Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________. A. store phosphate B. store calcium C. make blood cells D. move like levers

C. make blood cells

What structure contributes to the knee joint? A. lateral malleolus of the fibula B. tibial tuberosity C. medial condyle of the tibia D. lateral epicondyle of the femur

C. medial condyle of the tibia

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? A. osteoblasts and osteoclasts B. osteocytes and osteoclasts C. osteoblasts and osteocytes D. osteogenic cells and osteoclasts

C. osteoblasts and osteocytes

Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row? A. trapezium B. hamate C. pisiform D. scaphoid

C. pisiform

A bursa ________. A. surrounds a tendon at the point where the tendon crosses a joint B. secretes the lubricating fluid for a synovial joint C. prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone D. is the strong band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a synovial joint

C. prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone

The primary support for the glenohumeral joint is provided by the ________. A. coracohumeral ligament B. glenoid labrum C. rotator cuff muscles D. subacromial bursa

C. rotator cuff muscles

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? A. allows for movement of the wrist and hand B. protects nerves and blood vessels at the elbow C. supports trunk of body D. allows for movements of the ankle and foot

C. supports trunk of body

Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone? A. canaliculi B. Volkmann's canals C. trabeculae D. calcium salts

C. trabeculae

Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue? A. They develop from mesenchymal cells. B. They are surrounded by osteoid. C. They travel through the capillaries. D. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

D. Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

Which statement is true concerning the knee joint? A. The lateral meniscus is an intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the knee joint. B. Hyperextension is resisted by the posterior cruciate ligament. C. The anterior cruciate ligament supports the knee when it is flexed and weight bearing. D. The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament.

D. The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament.

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? A. Shoulder bones B. thigh bone C. foot bones D. vertebral column

D. Vertebral column

A gomphosis ________. A. is formed by an interosseous membrane B. connects the tibia and fibula bones of the leg C. contains a joint cavity D. anchors a tooth to the jaw

D. anchors a tooth to the jaw

Synovial joints ________. A. may be functionally classified as a synarthrosis B. are joints where the bones are connected to each other by hyaline cartilage C. may be functionally classified as a amphiarthrosis D. are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

D. are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

True ribs are ________. A. ribs 8-12 B. attached via their costal cartilage to the next higher rib C. made entirely of bone, and thus do not have a costal cartilage D. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

D. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate? A. proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification B. maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification C. calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved D. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

D. calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other? A. estrogen and testosterone B. calcitonin and calcitriol C. estrogen and progesterone D. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

D. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Movement of a body region in a circular movement at a condyloid joint is what type of motion? A. rotation B. elevation C. abduction D. circumduction

D. circumduction

Bone tissue can be described as ________. A. dead calcified tissue B. cartilage C. the skeletal system D. dense, hard connective tissue

D. dense, hard connective tissue

A synchondrosis is ________. A. found at the pubic symphysis B. where bones are connected together with fibrocartilage C. a type of fibrous joint D. found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage

D. found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage

The middle cranial fossa ________. A. is bounded anteriorly by the petrous ridge B. is bounded posteriorly by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone C. is divided at the midline by a small area of the ethmoid bone D. has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

D. has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

The bony openings of the skull include the ________. A. carotid canal, which is located in the anterior cranial fossa B. superior orbital fissure, which is located at the superior margin of the anterior orbit C. mental foramen, which is located just below the orbit D. hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

D. hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

A fontanelle ________. A. is the cartilage model for a vertebra that later is converted into bone B. gives rise to the facial bones and vertebrae C. is the rod-like structure that runs the length of the early embryo D. is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

D. is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

The sternal angle is the ________. A. junction between the body and xiphoid process B. site for attachment of the clavicle C. site for attachment of the floating ribs D. junction between the manubrium and body

D. junction between the manubrium and body

When calcium levels are too high or too low, which body system is primarily affected? A. skeletal system B. endocrine system C. digestive system D. nervous system

D. nervous system

Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells? A. osteoblasts B. osteoclasts C. osteocytes D. osteoprogenitor cells

D. osteoprogenitor cells

At a synovial joint, the synovial membrane ________. A. forms the fibrous connective walls of the joint cavity B. is the layer of cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones C. forms the intracapsular ligaments D. secretes the lubricating synovial fluid

D. secretes the lubricating synovial fluid

Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula? A. suprascapular notch B. glenoid cavity C. superior angle D. supraspinous fossa

D. supraspinous fossa

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula? A. calcaneus B. cuboid C. navicular D. talus

D. talus

Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. A. joints B. muscles C. ligaments D. tendons

D. tendons

Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification? A. the metatarsals B. the femur C. the ribs D. the flat bones of the cranium

D. the flat bones of the cranium

At synovial joints, ________. A. the articulating ends of the bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue B. the ends of the bones are enclosed within a space called a subcutaneous bursa C. intrinsic ligaments are located entirely inside of the articular capsule D. the joint cavity is filled with a thick, lubricating fluid

D. the joint cavity is filled with a thick, lubricating fluid

Which event takes place during the seventh week of development? A. appearance of the upper and lower limb buds B. flattening of the distal limb bud into a paddle shape C. the first appearance of hyaline cartilage models of future bones D. the rotation of the limbs

D. the rotation of the limbs