SLP

You are assessing a preschool child who comes from an AAE-speaking home. Which of the following utterances reflects typical patterns of AAE? A. "You was helping me." B. "They be gonna there." C. "It not Spiderman cape be." D. "Them kids, not they be havin' fun."

A. "You was helping me."

A semi-vowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is + anterior and + continuant is the A. /w/. B. /j/. C. /l/. D. /h/.

A. /w/.

Anita, a 64-year old teacher with high blood pressure was admitted to a nursing home because she had a stroke. The patient chart indicated that when she was admitted to the emergency room, she had dizziness, a loss of balance, nausea, seizures, and a total loss of consciousness. She had also ruptured blood vessels that not only compressed the brain tissue but also caused damage to the surrounding areas of the brain. The nurse mentioned to the family that the stroke was caused by: A. A hemorrhage B. Ischemia C. A thrombosis D. An embolism

A. A hemorrhage

You are treating an adult client who recently suffered a traumatic brain injury in a motorcycle accident. Which of the following should be a treatment goal during the initial stage of therapy? A. Improve the client's orientation and attention to surroundings. B. Teach the client to request information. C. Teach conversational narrative skills. D. Begin to teach self-control.

A. Improve the client's orientation and attention to surroundings.

Patients that undergo surgery for a total laryngectomy usually do not have complications that lead to swallowing disorders. The exceptions are scar tissue at the base of the tongue, reduced posterior range of motion of the tongue base, narrowing of the esophagus, and minimal bolus clearance through the pharynx—if part of the tongue base is included in resection. You have a client who underwent a total laryngectomy surgery and is experiencing reduced epiglottic closure, impaired tongue base retraction, and residue in valleculae and pyriform sinuses. Your client presents with: A. Oral phase dysphagia B. Pharyngeal phase dysphagia C. Oral prep phase dysphagia D. Esophageal phase dysphagia

A. Increase movement of the base of the tongue

In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes which of the following? A. Nonreduplicated or variegated babbling B. Expansion C. Cooing D. Phonation

A. Nonreduplicated or variegated babbling

Which type of reinforcer does not rely on past learning and fulfills biological needs? An example is food or drink. A. Primary reinforcer B. Secondary reinforcer C. Conditioned reinforcer D. Social reinforcer

A. Primary reinforcer

A 65-year-old man with presbycusis comes to you complaining that when he is in social situations such as parties, people don't speak loudly enough. He says that the background noise creates a problem for him in hearing what people are saying. This has caused him to become somewhat socially isolated. What does this client have difficulty with? A. Signal-to-noise ratio B. Auditory discrimination C. Figure-ground discrimination D. Pragmatic skills

A. Signal-to-noise ratio

A 2-year-old with an unrepaired cleft palate was recently seen for an evaluation. When comparing the child's data to developmental norms, the speech-language pathologist determines that the child has not mastered bilabial stops. Why would developmental norms not determine whether the child receives speech treatment? A. The child does not have the anatomical capacity to produce bilabial stops. B. The speech-language pathologist would need to consult with medical professionals before determining treatment. C. Developmental data do not apply to every child. D. Every child develops at a different pace.

A. The child does not have the anatomical capacity to produce bilabial stops.

Large lesions involving more than one region of the larynx usually require the following: A. Total laryngectomy B. Partial laryngectomy C. Supraglottic laryngectomy D. Medial laryngectomy

A. Total laryngectomy

Which of the following types of communication requires no additional equipment, and only requires the individual's own body as the mode of communication? A. Unaided communication B. Aided communication C. Rated communication D. Independent communication

A. Unaided communication

A speech-language pathologist who worked in a neonatal intensive care unit treated many children with developmental issues. She asked her student intern what the difference was between reflexive cries and vegetative sounds. How should the student respond? A. Vegetative sounds are associated with feeding while reflexive vocalizations are automatic responses about the physical state of the infant. B. Vegetative sounds are about the physical state of the infant while reflexive sounds are associated with feeding. C. Vegetative sounds are cries, coughs, burps, and grunts while reflexive vocalizations are grunts, sighs, and clicks. D. Vegetative sounds are produced in comfortable states and reflexive sounds are produced in uncomfortable states.

A. Vegetative sounds are associated with feeding while reflexive vocalizations are automatic responses about the physical state of the infant.

The theory that asserts that each child is born with an innate language acquisition device (LAD) is the A. nativist theory of Chomsky. B. cognitive theory of Piaget. C. behavioral theory of Skinner. D. social interactionist theory of Vygotsky.

A. nativist theory of Chomsky.

Acoustic immittance is measured with A. tympanometry. B. immittanceometry. C. impedanometry. D. acoustic reflex.

A. tympanometry.

There is limited epidemiological research with regard to risk factors for developing cluttering; however, several experts have indicated that potential risk factors may include the sex of the child with cluttering more common in males than females and the male to female ratio ranging from: A. 2:1 to 5:1 B. 3:1 to 6:1 C. 4:1 to 7:1 D. 5:1 to 8:1

B. 3:1 to 6:1

There are two broad levels of human communication: verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication uses words as symbols to exchange ideas. Nonverbal communication includes many behaviors that communicate with or without the associated production of symbols. Which of the following is not an example of nonverbal communication? A. Facial expression B. American Sign Language C. Body language D. Extralinguistic communication

B. American Sign Language

When apraxia of speech occurs without dysarthria or aphasia patients primarily have problems with: A. Chewing and swallowing B. Articulation C. Phonation D. Reading comprehension

B. Articulation

Your client is having difficulty appropriately using present progressive verbs. During play, you repeatedly model the correct targets without correcting incorrect productions made by the client. This strategy is called: A. Extension B. Forced stimulation C. Milieu teaching D. Expansion

B. Forced stimulation

Mrs. Morris, a kindergarten teacher, has brought it to the attention of the speech-language pathologist that one of her students had an expressive-language delay that began to improve around 40 months of age. The student is currently considered to be within the low range of normal for language development; however, his parents are concerned that he may fall behind when compared to his typically developing peers. Mrs. Morris came to the speech-language pathologist seeking information about this topic. Which of the following would not be appropriate information to share? A. The child is at a modest risk for continuing difficulties. B. If the child is not presenting with outward deficits, further monitoring or intervention is not necessary. C. Problematic social communication should be continuously monitored. D. Language use and development should be continuously monitored.

B. If the child is not presenting with outward deficits, further monitoring or intervention is not necessary

When should the patient be educated about what to expect postoperatively? A. During treatment B. Prior to treatment C. After treatment D. Never

B. Prior to treatment

The following are characteristics of Wilson's disease: A. It is not inherited B. Skin appears yellow C. Kayser-Fleischer rings to appear in the eyes (golden-brown eye discoloration) D. Copper build up in the brain, liver, and vital organs

B. Skin appears yellow C. Kayser-Fleischer rings to appear in the eyes (golden-brown eye discoloration) D. Copper build up in the brain, liver, and vital organs

Which of the following cranial nerves is not associated with flaccid dysarthria? A. Trigeminal (V) B. Trochlear (IV) C. Facial (VII) D. Glossopharyngeal (IX)

B. Trochlear (IV)

Speech samples of persons who clutter may include deletion of non-stressed syllables in longer words (e.g., defly for definitely) and is an example of A. spoonerism. B. cluttering. C. stuttering. D. tachylalia.

B. cluttering.

The radiographic imaging procedure that allows X-ray beams to circle through segments of the brain and pass through tissue while a camera takes pictures of sections of the structures being scanned is known as A. electroencephalography (EEG). B. computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). D. positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

B. computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan.

The /z/ in zoo is produced by severely constricting the oral cavity and then forcing the air through it, creating a hissing or friction-type of noise. When a person is using this manner of articulation, he or she is using A. glides. B. fricatives. C. stops. D. affricates.

B. fricatives.

When a person has vocal nodules, the vocal folds vibrate at a slower rate because of A. decreased mass. B. increased mass. C. the s/z ratio. D. increased volume

B. increased mass.

You are treating an 88-year-old woman with dementia. You introduce a treatment program to improve her quality of life. You begin your therapy by discussing past experiences and events in her life. You also use photographs of the patient's family members as well as music that she likes. You tailor the therapy specifically for the client by using objects and items that her son has provided to you. This treatment method is an example of A. reality orientation (RO). B. reminiscence therapy (RT). C. simulated presence therapy (SPT). D. cognitive stimulation therapy (CST).

B. reminiscence therapy (RT).

Patients who have damage to their nerve fibers along the ascending auditory pathways from the internal auditory meatus to the cortex have a A. cochlear disorder. B. retrocochlear disorder. C. recruitment disorder. D. middle ear disorder.

B. retrocochlear disorder

You are working in therapy with a child who has challenging behaviors. You decide to use negative reinforcement, which A. reduces the response rate. B. strengthens (increases) responses that terminate or postpone aversive events. C. is comparable to punishment in its effects. D. is involved in differential reinforcement of other behaviors.

B. strengthens (increases) responses that terminate or postpone aversive events.

What reinforcers include secondary and social reinforcers? A. Primary reinforcers B. Unconditioned reinforcers C. Conditioned reinforcers D. Decommissioned reinforcers

C. Conditioned reinforcers

A 73-year-old client is complaining of issues with regulation of motor movements of the pharynx and lack of sensation of the tongue. What cranial nerve regulates motor movements of the pharynx and sensations of the tongue? A. Cranial Nerve V B. Cranial Nerve VII C. Cranial Nerve IX D. Cranial Nerve XII

C. Cranial Nerve IX

A 5-year-old kindergarten girl who speaks African American English (AAE) is referred to you by her teacher. The teacher says, "I don't know if this is dialect or a real problem, but the other kids and I are having trouble understanding her." As you screen the girl, you find that she makes the following substitutions: t/n, f/n, d/m. You would do which of the following? A. Tell the teacher that these patterns are typical for children who speak AAE. B. Ask the classroom aide to work with the girl, because this is a very mild problem. C. Enroll the student in therapy, because this is a sign of a speech sound disorder involving substitution of non-nasals for nasals. D. Recommend that the girl be referred to a self-contained classroom for children with severe speech sound disorders.

C. Enroll the student in therapy, because this is a sign of a speech sound disorder involving substitution of non-nasals for nasals.

You are evaluating a patient suspected of severe apraxia of speech (AOS). Which of the following is not a characteristic of severe AOS when distinguishing it from less severe forms? A. Error responses may approximate the target if stimuli are chosen carefully B. Limited repertoire of speech sounds C. Increased variability of articulatory characteristics D. Automatic speech may not be better than volitional speech

C. Increased variability of articulatory characteristics

In the scientific method, what is the experiment-first-and-explain-later approach? A. Deductive method B. Null hypothesis method C. Inductive method D. Alternative hypothesis method

C. Inductive method

Compensatory strategy training focuses on maximizing the skills of an individual with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) by modifying the environment and providing internal and external supports. This strategy capitalizes on intact skills to help an individual overcome deficits resulting from a TBI. Which of the following is an example of an external compensatory strategy that may be used to assist a client? A. Mnemonics B. Imagery C. Memory aids D. Association

C. Memory aids

Closed head injuries are commonly caused by what? A. Strokes B. Missile wounds C. Motor vehicle accidents D. Blows to the head by sharp objects

C. Motor vehicle accidents

When treating a child with cerebral palsy, it is important to work with a team of specialists. Which specialist would be the least likely to work with a child with cerebral palsy? A. Physical therapist B. Speech-language pathologist C. Podiatrist D. Teacher

C. Podiatrist

When force is applied to surface mass per unit area it is called: A. Volume B. Mass C. Pressure D. Displacement

C. Pressure

The therapy technique of phonetic placement is used to teach or establish which of the following? A. Auditory discrimination B. Stimulability C. Production of a phoneme in isolation D. Minimal pair contrasts

C. Production of a phoneme in isolation

What would you call an experimental design involving one or a few subjects? A. Case study design B. Ex post facto design C. Single-subject experimental design D. Single correlational design

C. Single-subject experimental design

Speech is a dynamic process requiring precisely coordinated articulatory movements for the sequencing of sounds to ultimately produce words. What is common among children with cerebral palsy? A. Apraxia B. Flaccidity C. Speech impairment D. Hyponasality

C. Speech impairment

Which of the following is usually not a production concern of a client with a cleft lip and palate? A. Stops B. Fricatives C. Vowels D. Affricates

C. Vowels

The two muscles in the middle ear that dampen the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain are the A. levator tympani and stapedius muscle. B. auditory meatus and levator tympani. C. tensor tympani and stapedius muscle. D. buccinator tympani and risorius.

C. tensor tympani and stapedius muscle.

A teacher has referred Jeremy to you for an evaluation. Jeremy is an African American first grader who is reportedly doing well in class academically. When you observe him on the playground with his peers, you see that he has many friends and does not appear to have problems interacting appropriately with other children. His friends do not appear to have any difficulty understanding what he says. However, the teacher is concerned. She says, "I think Jeremy pronounces some of his sounds wrong. I think he needs speech therapy." When you conduct a speech screening with Jeremy, you will remember that which one of the following patterns indicates a possible disorder, not a difference, based on Jeremy's use of African American English (AAE)? A. f/th substitution in word-final position B. Production of [ks] instead of [sk] C. th/s substitution in all word positions D. Differing stress on some words (e.g., police instead of police)

C. th/s substitution in all word positions

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your private practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have? A. A class I malocclusion accompanied by underjet B. A class II malocclusion accompanied by underjet C. A class III malocclusion accompanied by overjet D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

Which of the following is not a major characteristic of hyperkinesias? A. Spasm B. Hemiballism C. Dystonia D. Bradykinesia

D. Bradykinesia

Ethical situations that the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practitioner might face include all of the following except: A. Provision of AAC services for individuals with degenerating conditions B. Specification of the need for AAC technology in the IEP C. Determining one's own competency to deliver AAC services D. Determining the font used and color of the AAC device

D. Determining the font used and color of the AAC device

When treating a student with a language disorder, it is important to incorporate all of these principles except what? A. Target language behaviors that create social penalties for children B. Focus on academic and social language C. Select literacy skills when appropriate D. Ignore any inappropriate behavior (e.g., interrupting)

D. Ignore any inappropriate behavior (e.g., interrupting)

Virat, a 72-year-old patient, was added to your caseload because he presented with dysphagia. Your evaluation indicated a mild to moderate oral phase dysphagia. During your initial treatment session, Virat noted that he had previously completed oral-motor exercises and that he would like to continue them, as they seemed to help. You decide to trial Virat's stimulability for these exercises as part of his plan of treatment and need to discuss the purpose and goal of using these exercises with him. You explain to Virat that the following is not a goal of oral-motor control exercises: A. Increase movement of the base of the tongue B. Increase range of tongue movements C. Increase buccal tension D. Increase the range of lateral movements of the jaw

D. Increase the range of lateral movements of the jaw

Jaxon, a 78-year-old male, recently experienced a cerebrovascular accident leading to damage of the border areas between the tissues that are supplied by the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. His speech is nonfluent, although his repetition of words and sentences is preserved. All other aspects of Jaxon's language are severely impaired. Jaxon most likely presents with: A. Global aphasia B. Transcortical motor aphasia C. Transcortical sensory aphasia D. Mixed transcortical aphasia

D. Mixed transcortical aphasia

An infant presents with tracheaesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia. The physician mentions to the speech-language pathologist that this condition probably developed between the 4th and 6th weeks of gestation. The infant exhibits significant respiratory distress, excessive oral secretions, and chronic regurgitation. The speech-language pathologist in consultation with the physician should immediately recommend A. pureed foods. B. thin liquids. C. thick liquids. D. NG-tube feedings.

D. NG-tube feedings.

The speech-language pathologist in a school is trying out a new augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device for a child and believes that facilitator training is important for the caregiver to do all the following except: A. Accurately use the device B. Troubleshoot the device C. Add/take away symbols, buttons, or folders D. Reduce the independence required by the child

D. Reduce the independence required by the child

Even though there is limited to no evidence of its effectiveness, what is a common form of treatment for comatose or semi-comatose patients? A. Orientation training B. Medications C. Behavioral training D. Sensory stimulation

D. Sensory stimulation

An investigator carries out a study in which the effect of rate of speech upon stuttering during sibling interaction is being investigated. The investigator gathers conversational samples from children who stutter and their siblings. In the control group, siblings are asked to speak as they normally would at home. In the experimental group, siblings are asked to speak much more quickly than they would at home. The investigator wishes to measure the effect of rate of siblings' speech upon the amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter. In other words, the investigator is asking if increased rate of siblings' speech causes children to stutter more. In this study, what is the dependent variable? A. The amount of stuttering done by children who stutter when siblings speak at a slowed rate B. The rate of speech of the siblings in the experimental group C. The rate of speech of the siblings in the control group D. The amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter when the siblings increase their rate of speech

D. The amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter when the siblings increase their rate of speech

According to the Nyquist theorem (1928), to represent a signal faithfully, it must be sampled at a rate equal to twice its highest frequency. Brick-wall filtering works with the Nyquist theorem when analyzing data. What is the purpose of Brick-wall filtering? A. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy below the Nyquist frequency. B. The brick-wall filter doubles all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency. C. The brick-wall filter doubles all of the energy below the Nyquist frequency. D. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency.

D. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency.

Patients enjoy rights and privileges that concur with obligations of speech-language pathologists. What would be the legal obligation of the speech-language pathologist be if the right of a patient is the right to medical privacy? A. The obligation of noninterference by the government B. The obligation to provide health care C. The obligation to provide health care under statue D. The obligation to protect confidential information

D. The obligation to protect confidential information

Question 1 of 25 00:28:18 Sally just delivered her first baby boy. The pediatrician has noticed that the child was born with his external ear canal completely closed. The doctor explains that the child has A. external otitis. B. otitis media. C. myringotomy. D. aural atresia.

D. aural atresia.

A technique used by some speech-language pathologists during swallowing assessments, in which a stethoscope is placed over the thyroid cartilage to amplify sounds during swallowing, is called A. scintigraphy. B. videofluoroscopy. C. endoscopy. D. cervical auscultation.

D. cervical auscultation.

Case management for an elderly patient includes the following targets: establishing a simple routine, using various reminders, writing down a list of things to do every morning, and writing a checklist of things to do before leaving the house. Such a plan is most appropriate for a patient with A. Broca's aphasia. B. Wernicke's aphasia. C. right hemisphere syndrome. D. dementia.

D. dementia.

When two vowels are combined (e.g., /ei/ in shake and lace), it results in a continuous change in the shape of the vocal tract. These sounds are called A. allophones. B. phonemes. C. morphemes. D. diphthongs.

D. diphthongs.

Speech rate modification is a significant goal for patients with A. dementia. B. Wernicke's aphasia. C. right hemisphere syndrome. D. dysarthria.

D. dysarthria.

A father tells you that he is concerned about his son Adam, who has had many episodes of otitis media with effusion. Adam has taken antibiotics for the last 7 months, but testing reveals that he continues to have middle ear fluid, although he is not sick. You refer Adam and his father to a pediatrician, who asks an ear, nose, and throat doctor to perform a surgical procedure in which a small incision will be made in Adam's tympanic membranes to relieve pressure. This procedure is known as A. pressure-equalizing tubes. B. myringoplasty. C. otosclerosis. D. myringotomy.

D. myringotomy.