Soc 101

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Which describes morbidity?

Incidence of disease

High culture

Attending the symphony

. Depression

Mood disorder

Victimless

An exuberant vacationer is detained for public drunkenness.

What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory?

As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.

Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?

Middle Class

Medication overdoses

Physical abuse

Population composition is made up of changing fertility, mortality, and ___________ rates.

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:

Positive formal sanction

Began immigrating in the early 20th century as needed agricultural workers

Hispanic Americans

Simmel

focused on the dynamics of two-person and three-person groups

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is:

Symbolic interactionist

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.

Conflict Theory

Which is an effect of polarization in the U.S. job market?

Decrease in middle level jobs

What causes some caretakers to abuse their elderly charges?

Depression

What is the first agent of socialization?

Family

Which change could have the biggest effect on health issues in low-income countries?

Access to clean water

which statements are true of the term gender?

Based on internal perceptions Characteristics vary by culture

Resocialization

Entering the army was a completely new way of life for Kyra.

The ___________ records Jewish interpretations of the _____________ which is their sacred text.

Talmud; Torah

Travis Hirschi

Control theory

Which theories are associated with the symbolic interactionist perspective of deviance?

Control theory Labeling theory

Your best friend Sky is hoping to start a new city on an island in the Pacific. Which sociologist would you suggest she read first, before setting out?

Gideon Sjoberg

Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a:

Global assembly line

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?

How much education you have.

Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living?

Income Employment Class *All of the above

What might motivate a nonprofit organization to globalize?

Increasing access to healthcare

Which are among the types of leadership functions?

Instrumental Expressive

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

How does the interpretive framework differ from the scientific method when conducting sociological research?

Its findings are more narrative.

Role strain

Ivan feels as if he is always the strong person in his relationship with Lars.

Involuntary

Jeanette fled her homeland because of the ravaging effects of a natural disaster.

Which statements are true of current urbanization patterns?

Largest urban population is in North America. Most dense urban areas are in the global South.

Which statement reflects the functionalist perspective on religion?

Religion provides regulation in social controls for norms in dress, personal conduct, and behaviors

What is Wayne's academic performance exemplifying?

Resilient student

Many people are familiar with the yin-yang symbol. From which religion does this come?

Taoism

Represent many religious practices, but are often assumed to all practice just one

Arab Americans

First came to the American West during the Gold Rush in the mid-19th century

Asian Americans

Which countries have universal health care?

Canada and Germany

Social disorganization theory

Mr. Chung feels that the school has relaxed many of its policies and has become less able to enforce the remaining rules, which results in increased deviance.

Who would be included in the U.S. unemployment statistics?

Nina finished college last spring and is still actively seeking employment. Bartholomew lost his job as a teacher nine weeks ago and is searching to replace it

Cultural capital

Students from different socioeconomic backgrounds have varying levels of knowledge and experiences that directly impact their opportunities for academic achievement.

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:

Utilitarian organization

Aliyah has left her country of origin due to persecution. She has just arrived to the United States in hopes of receiving protection from the situation she is fleeing, claiming that if she is returned there she will be harmed. She is told she must make an official application to begin this process. Which term describes Aliyah's current situation?

Asylum-seeker

Which has three subtypes known as patrilineal, matrilineal, and ambilineal?

Unilateral descent

Who is considered by many to be the world's first sociologist?

Ibn Khaldun

#2 Conflict theory

Michael was shocked when he learned the disparity between his salary as an administrative assistant and the salary of his superior, the executive director of sales.

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

Post-industrial societies are characterized by the shift from goods to _______.

services

Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions?

the Kyoto Protocol

George Herbert Mead

studied how development of the mind and self are influenced by the social process

Constitutional monarchy

Longstanding system of rulership that abides by an accepted government doctrine

Flashpoint manages a database of actors, directors, and technicians for the theatre community.

Quaternary

What sociologist pioneered the concept of "The Sick Role"?

Talcott Parsons

Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?

Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.

Dana's lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:

Universal healthcare

With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?

1/3

The United States Government is a form of:

A bureaucracy

Which of the following best defines the term commodity?

A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome?

Despair

Roles within the family should be distinguished based on sex in order for the family to function in a coordinated way.

Functionalism

To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because:

Within the family are social standings and power struggles.

How do nature and nurture apply to Chris Langan's story?

Without socialization, Chris's intelligence potential may not be achieved.

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:

Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action?

Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens.

Which describes the Madrid Plan?

Global effort for social policies that address the aging

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:

Conformity

The term crime can be defined as:

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

If someone who follows the teaching of Confucius mentions the word jen, they are referring to:

A teaching that everyone should be treated kindly.

Which is a description of a meritocracy?

Advancement is based on demonstrated skills.

The sole minority group which did not originally immigrate to the United States by choice

African Americans

Which is an example of secondary aging?

Aging due to poor diet

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Alienation from one's religion

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

Laissez-faire

Selective optimization with compensation theory

Lester treats aging like a process rather than an outcome, in which he retains his power to choose for himself, self-improve, and set goals.

Which are among Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's five stages of dying?

Bargaining Acceptance Denial

Subculture of aging theory

Margarita feels comfortable in the senior community she lives in, where fellow residents can relate to her cultural points of reference.

Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of:

Mexican descent

Degradation ceremony

Moving Ronald into an adult care facility involved the selling of his home and the belongings he would no longer need.

What have sociologists begun to realize about the nomadic lifestyle?

Nomads have a hard time bridging the gap between their traditional lifestyle and doing what is best for the land.

Demedicalization

Normalizing conditions through the attention of healthcare

Head Start Program

Preschool for students of lower socioeconomic status, which aims to overcome learning deficits

Grant's essay on the Civil War era addressed the racial superiority that the owners of slaves felt towards their slaves.

Racism

Organic solidarity

Social order based on social differences

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:

Socialization

You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect?

Symbolic interactionism

What generally characterizes secondary groups?

Task-focused Time-limited Larger

Martineau

educated ordinary people about the principles of economics

latent functions

the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

Obesity is rising at the fastest rate in which of the following countries?

High income

Edwin Lemert

Labeling theory

Herbert Blumer

Symbolic interactionism

Which are forms of soil pollution?

Desertification Soil erosion

Underslept teenagers are more likely to experience automobile accidents

Hypothesis

Which sociologists expounded on theories of moral development as a part of socialization and self-development?

Kohlberg Gilligan

Subculture

Dog shows

The term language can be defined as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

Totalitarian dictatorship

Absolute ruler who controls all aspects of people's lives

Heterosexism

Couples who are straight can display affection openly, while gay couples feel limited in this right.

Which groups have healthcare programs that are funded by the U.S. government?

Native Americans Low-income Americans

How many pillars are essential to the Islamic faith?

culture

practices, beliefs, and values of a group

Marx

predicted the collapse of capitalism

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

true

True or false: The majority of American citizens are descendents of immigrants?

true

Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century?

E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.

Polygamy

E. General term for marriage to more than one person which does not specify gender or chronology.

What is particularly unique about the United States middle class?

It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.

Which statements are true of de facto segregation in the United States?

It is not based on law. It exists in many forms today in the United States.

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

Secondary data analysis

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?

Secondary data analysis

Dana's essay examines the use of negative labels applied to gay people and how they shape public opinion and gay self-image.

Symbolic interactionism

Alienation is defined by the text as:

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Xenocentrism is:

The opposite of ethnocentrism

Which of the following best defines the concept of "The Sick Role"?

The pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them

Democratic

The person running a political caucus

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Anxiety disorder

Women's employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent in:

Northern Africa

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is:

Not biologically identifiable

Supercentenariansare people who are ____ and older.

110

Gender Dysphoria is:

A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

Why do we have two words for a big city: metropolis and megalopolis?

A metropolis is just one city while a megalopolis includes many different cities.

The term sexuality is defined by the text as:

A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world?

Africa

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

All of the above

Which are the four stages of social movements?

Coalescence Institutionalization Decline Preliminary

Which is a reason for higher divorce rates in the American South?

Higher than typical marriage rates

Lack of sleep

Independent variable

Alienation

Isolation from society, work, or sense of self

Anticipatory socialization

John and Uta deposit a small amount from each paycheck into their child's college fund.

Which are primary factors that have contributed to a decrease in the elderly's influence, power, and prestige?

Modernization Industrialization

Charismatic

Power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities

Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?

Sacred; profane

What is a common means of rule enforcement?

Sanction

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

Symbolic interactionist

Structural mobility

The economic recession prevented Amy's generation of college graduates from finding jobs that were upwardly mobile.

Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean?

The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?

A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

Polygyny is:

A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time

A cultural universal is:

A pattern or trait common to all societies.

What is the Kinsey Scale?

A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation

Counterculture

A survivalist cult

Opinions about sex education in the United States vary according to the issue of abstinence. Some feel sex education should be exclusively centered around abstinence, while others believe sex education should include abstinence in addition to sexual safety and responsibility measures. Still others believe sexual education should not focus on abstinence, but exclusively on sexual safety and responsibility measures. Which of the three beliefs represents the largest segment of Americans?

Abstinence plus sexual safety and responsibility measures

Social mobility

Aditi hopes someday to move from India to the United States, where she will be able to escape the limiting caste system and improve her social status.

Which of the following is not an example of underemployment?

After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them.

xenocentrism

After returning from a semester spent as an exchange student in Tanzania, Lee finds his fellow Canadians to be self-centered and highly privileged.

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

Anticipatory socialization.

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream:

Beatniks Hepcats * All of the above Hippies

A research study of a mother who gave birth to octuplets

Case study

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?

Conflict Theory

Group C Group C feels that existing economic and social inequalities are reinforced through the exploitation of resources and the exertion of control by core nations over peripheral nations.

Conflict theorist

Which concepts are associated with the symbolic interactionist perspective on gender and sex-linked behavior?

Doing gender The social construction of sexuality

Unusual behaviors

Emotional/Psychological abuse

Susan and her brothers have coffee every Sunday to share in their week's events.

Expressive functions

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of:

Expulsion

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is:

Factories using child labor

A study at the laundromat to interview how people deal with boredom

Field research

Absolute poverty

Guang lives without permanent shelter and spends days at a time without food.

_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Habitualization

Which is a social issue that many elderly females discover they are victims of?

Having their medical ailments trivialized by doctors.

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

Feudal

Hierarchical, exchange of protection for land use, inherited power

Which were factors that limited the size of ancient cities?

Immigration restrictions Sewage control Food supply

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?

Karl Marx

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?

Observing study participants without their consent

An average of less than 4 hours of sleep daily

Operational definition

A family is moving to a large city because of a job transfer. Their real estate agent is discouraging them from looking at homes in certain neighborhoods because the demographics of these areas are not consistent with the family's race. What is being demonstrated in the scenario?

Racial steering

According to Thomas Friedman, what are the factors that drove globalization in the second period, from 1800 to 2000?

Rail power steam power

Homophobia

Ramona experienced acts of aggression from some classmates when she came out as a lesbian.

By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a:

Recession

Class consciousness

Recognition of one's social level

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?

Resocialization.

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______.

Role performance

At a town hall meeting in Centerville, citizens are addressing increases in crime. Certain longstanding members of the community are creating controversy by suggesting that the problems stem from a recent influx of a specific minority group. Which concept is specifically being demonstrated in the scenario?

Scapegoat theory

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____.

Social control

Agricultural

Stable settlements became towns and cities, developed tools, cultivated art

Over the past decades, the turnout of minority voters has:

Steadily increased

Alan thinks that all old people are absent-minded because his elderly neighbor is forgetful.

Stereotype

In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement?

Symbolic interactionism

Seeking to understand face-to-face communications which guide political decisions

Symbolic interactionism

Which theoretical perspective on global stratification does Leslie T. Chang employ in his book Factory Girls: From Village to City in Changing China?

Symbolic interactionism

Heteronormative

Ted finds that unless he informs his co-workers that his partner is male, people invariably assume it is a woman.

Which are reasons that contribute to an inaccurate public perception of crime?

Television programs with criminal content Media coverage of criminal incidents

Which describes the double standard in United States attitudes towards sex?

The belief that men have more sexual urges and permission to engage in premarital sex than women do

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage?

The birth of the first child.

Authoritarian

The coach of a football team

Which of the following best defines the term globalization?

The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of:

The scapegoat theory

Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government:

Totalitarian dictatorship

Which contribution to the ethics of sociology is Max Weber known for?

Value neutrality

When your mother-in-law fell and broke her hip at age 72, you were concerned because she is still ________________.

Young-old

Which theoretical perspective is associated with Karl Marx?

conflict theory

Comte

gave the name positivism to the scientific study of social patterns

society

geographically define group of people who interact

symbolic interactionism

perceives the role of communication in individual interactions as defining of a social world

manifest functions

the results of an anticipated social process

dynamic equilibrium

the state of stability in a healthy society which comes of all the parts working together

The four aspects of the frame assignment process include bridging, amplification, extension, and ________.

transformation

Which are examples of cultural universals?

weddings jokes personal names

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group?

white

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

Émile Durkheim

Epidemiology is:

The study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases

Which statement about the distinction between sociology and psychology is true?

Sociology tends to study external influences on self-development, whereas psychology focuses on its internal influences.

Hate

An act of crime is committed against someone because of their nationality.

Which text is considered sacred to Christians of all sects?

The Bible

The term segregation is defined in the text as:

The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions.

Which are the three subcategories of the lower class?

Underclass Working poor Working class

Which was conveyed in the United States with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920?

Voting rights for women

The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are:

sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region

Which is a factor used in calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

Government spending

Which of the following is an example of legitimation?

Marley's doctor diagnosing him with bronchitis

What name do Buddhists give to their four basic rules?

Noble Truths

Social change is affected by four key elements: technology, population, the environment, and __________.

social institutions

Which occurs in the postconventional stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Morality is understood in abstract terms.

Which statement describes the Thomas theorem?

An individual's subjective construction of reality determines their behavior.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?

C. Wright Mills

Self-development and sexual development are closely linked, and occur in childhood through a series of psychosexual stages.

Freud

When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n):

Gerontocracy

Which is an example of the functional perspective on health, illness, and medicine?

Illness carries with it both rights and responsibilities.

Which religions have texts that are partly shared with the Jewish faith?

Islam, Christianity

Exchange theory

Janice notices that growing older means an expansion in her dependence on others and an increase in her need to submit to their will.

Which describes miscegenation?

Marriage between races

Oligarchy

Power is held by a small, elite group of people

Robert Merton

Strain theory

Parents often socialize their children to:

Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

Medicalization of deviance

Understanding unhealthy behavior as sickness rather than dysfunction

Which educational issue did Mills vs. Board of Education of the District of Columbia address?

Universal access

Which concept of culture is associated with anthropologist George Murdock?

cultural universals

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?

Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

Popular culture

Buying a rock music album

Which theoretical perspective asserts that education contributes manifest and latent functions?

Functionalism

Which statements describe the intersection theory of race?

It is associated with the conflict theory perspective on race and ethnicity. The experience of race is also shaped by gender, class, and sexual orientation.

Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective?

Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger.

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

reification

the treatment of an abstract concept as concrete

Which are historical examples of benevolent dictators?

Anwar Sadat Napoleon Bonaparte

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of:

Conflict theory

Which subgroup is viewed as the model minority group among Hispanic Americans?

Cuban Americans

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______.

Cultural imperialism

"Climate change" is a less politicized phrase that has replaced:

Global Warming

Which of the following is an example of racial steering?

Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

Social integration

Strong ties that social groups engender

Biological determinism is:

The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure:

The standard of living in a country.

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable?

The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.

Verstehen is defined by the text as:

To understand in a deep way.

What reason has been cited for the implementation of voter identification laws?

Voter fraud

Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist?

Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric.

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?

asia

Which are examples of social facts?

fashions religious beliefs

A sociologist studying how religious beliefs become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people of other religions probably is:

A conflict theorist

Legitimation

Certification by a physician that an illness is genuine

Which is an example of a cultural universal?

Classifying work by gender

Which are reasons for a recent decrease in divorce rates in the United States?

Older age when married Increased education level when married

In Robert Bullard's study, which was the primary determinant for environmental exposures in the United States?

Race

While prejudice refers to biased thinking about a group of people, discrimination refers to _______.

actions

dramaturgical analysis

the concept that individual's interactions resemble the scripts of stage performers

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______.

A degradation ceremony

Émile Durkheim described mechanical solidarity as:

A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

Ascribed status

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by:

Core nation countries

Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is:

Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype?

Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian.

Which statements are true of the dependency theory on global stratification?

It aligns with the conflict theory perspective. Core nations impede the stability of peripheral nations.

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?

Nature vs. Nurture

MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______.

Popular culture; high culture

Though she has never travelled to India, Lianna believes all Indian people to be impoverished.

Prejudice

The term discrimination is defined in the text as:

Prejudiced action against a group of people

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows:

Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage

Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's health care system. This is an example of ____:

Socialized medicine

Subjective poverty

Subjective poverty Eric was amazed to see that his Vietnamese friend felt lucky to be living on $4 per day.

During what time period did economies begin to develop globally?

The Agricultural Revolution

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

Bigamy

The act of marrying while still in another marriage

Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but is widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of:

The culture of prejudice

Which is an aspect of city life that might catch a human ecologist's attention?

The decision to make sidewalks narrower so that a city road can provide on-street parking.

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States?

The decline of the middle class

Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of:

The hidden curriculum of schools

Which theories on aging are aligned with the conflict theory perspective of sociology?

Age stratification theory Exchange theory Modernization theory

Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of:

Ageism

Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay

Cultural deviance theory

What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries?

Clean water access

What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry?

Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.

Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Conflict

Government should not intervene in the function of families, as they are private entities.

Conflict theory

Luisa feels that legalizing gay marriage is important because it gives everyone the same economic rights.

Conflict theory

Patricia Hill Collins

Conflict theory

A total institution can be defined as:

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Which scenario describes senescence?

As he ages, Maurice makes adjustments to the changes in his body and mind, as well as his shrinking social network.

Collective conscience

Attitudes, morals, and beliefs of a society

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?

Auguste Comte

Peter finds that he always reacts differently to correction from his father than from his mother. What might a symbolic interactionist studying families make of this situation?

Peter plays different roles with his father and mother.

A paradigm can be defined as:

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Which are descriptions of corporal punishment?

Physical discipline Spanking

Self-development occurs through the reconciliation of an individual's personal sense of the world and social reality.Self-development occurs through the reconciliation of an individual's personal sense of the world and social reality.

Piaget

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:

Outsourcing

When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a:

Patrilocal residence

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Horticultural

Permanent settlers, cultivated plants, created material goods

Automobile accidents

Dependent variable

Representative democracy

A federal republic where citizens elect representatives

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?

A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.

The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?

All of the above

Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in:

Bartering

Symbolic interactionism

Careers are handed down within the same families because children are exposed to the social norms and values that are exhibited in their parent's occupations.

Manning Nash

Functionalism

According to Wagley and Harris, which are characteristics that distinguish minority groups?

Involuntary membership Awareness of subordination Unequal treatment

Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?

Lack of education

Marcy and her three children have been trying to scrape by ever since Marcy's husband was killed in an automobile accident. Given what you know about George Murdock's theory, what would you expect to happen to this family?

Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare.

Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in?

Market Socialist

Researchers are studying twins Kenneth and Shawn. Separated at birth, they were raised in different homes. At age 21, they met for the first time in the presence of unobtrusive observation by the researchers. The twins were shocked at their similarities in temperament and mannerisms. In the first hour of being together, they both had an instance of finishing each other's sentences. Which concept is this scenario of separately raised twins research reinforcing?

Nature

Dehydration

Neglect

Voluntary

Nicholas and his family relocated to a different country because of a job opportunity.

A study where researchers anonymously take a defensive driving course along with drivers who have received tickets

Participant observation

Schizophrenia

Personality disorder

Differential association theory

Professor LaGrego believes that a popular group of less well-behaved and lower achieving students have influenced others to deviate from the accepted social order of the school.

With which factor is standard of living closely associated?

Quality of life

Which form of authority is represented by the U.S. government?

Rational-legal authority

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?

The jury

Functionalism

The motivation to seek the increased education needed for higher skilled jobs is the corresponding additional financial and social rewards they provide.

Formed the second and third great waves of immigration beginning around 1820

White Ethnic Americans

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:

White privilege

Malthusian A. The issues of a growing population can be resolved by the ingenuity of humans. 2. Zero Population Growth B. War, famine, and disease ultimately control human population. 3. Cornucopian C. Growing human population will contribute to a collapse of the environment. 4. Demographic transition D. Population growth is cyclic and occurs in four distinct stages.

b,c,a,d

Spencer

believed in government which allowed the forces of market to control capitalism

Conrad and Barker's framework for understanding health includes the social construction of the illness experience, the social construction of medical knowledge, and the ___________.

cultural meaning of illness

figuration

the simultaneous analysis of individual behavior and the culture that shapes it

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____.

Socialization

Which topics are the priority of medical sociologists?

Socioeconomics of healthcare Attitudes towards health and wellness Relationship between doctor and patient

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that:

Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture?

Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Which statement is an example of the symbolic interactionist perspective on government's power and authority?

Government is a unique social construct created by the individual communications and symbols within a society.

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority?

The Asian American community

Symbolic interactionism

The literal and symbolic communications that take place between individuals represent the role socialization has in the development of people and societies.

Laissez-faire

The manager of a car sales department

Emile Durkheim - Functionalism Pierre Bourdieu - Conflict theory Jeremy Iverson - Symbolic interactionism

Match the sociologists to the theoretical perspectives on education with which they are associated.

In recent years, a great compulsion to engage in frequent and risky sexual behaviors was deemed sexual addiction. This is an example of:

Medicalization of deviance

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage?

Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating.

Which group forms the largest subgroup of Hispanic Americans?

Mexican Americans

Lance constructs unique furniture from the trunks and branches of trees.

Secondary

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.

Secondary data

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?

Sending threatening letters to someone's home

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing:

Sexism

Paris has been studying the demography of the United Kingdom. The U.K. is very similar to the United States or Sweden in that it is industrialized, has relatively long life expectancy, and infant mortality is low. Which stage in the Demographic Transition Theory would the U.K. fall into?

Stage 4

Sheryl was diagnosed with bipolarity when she was a teenager. She's hesitant to tell her friends, and tries her best to hide her diagnosis from her coaches, teachers, and employers, since she's seen other people with the illness be discriminated against on account of it. Bipolarity is an example of a(n):

Stigmatized illness

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Structural Functionalism

Which of these subjects are linked to the historical development of sociology?

economics politics

True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime?

false

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function.

manifest; latent

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:

personality-based promotion

Which are examples of an ascribed status?

Sister Infant

Anomie

Social order characterized by weakened norms, alienation

Forced

During the conflict, Ling and her sisters were placed in an internment camp

On which area of social reform did the research of sociologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark have an impact on?

Desegregation of public schools

When Hildegard visited a Church of Christ, she realized just how similar their practices and beliefs are to her regular denomination of choice, the Episcopalian Church. These similarities probably mean that the Church Christ is:

A sect within the Christian faith.

Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people's lives and provides answers to difficult questions. A sociologist following which theory would agree with this statement?

A structural functionalist

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.

Absolute poverty

Strain theory:

Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

The bus station had a diverse mix of people waiting for various buses.

Aggregate

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______.

Case study

Queen Noor of Jordan is a leader of which form of government?

Constitutional monarchy

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?

Constructivism

Which describes megachurches?

Christian denominations, Predominately white membership in the United States

On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreeing over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between:

Church and State

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:

Coercive organization

Rod grew up in a family that believed lighter-skinned members of his race are superior to darker-skinned members.

Colorism

Which are the world systems approach's classifications for global stratification?

Core, peripheral, and semi-peripheral nations

Melissa has been working to develop drought-resistance seeds that require little water to grow and which produce grain. She wants to send these to arid parts of the world, where conventional grain is not easy (or even impossible) to grow to improve nutrition for the people in those countries. In sociological terms, Melissa most likely ascribes to:

Cornucopian theory

Society and culture _____.

Could not exist without each other

Which characteristics align with the symbolic interactionism perspective on culture?

Culture is manifestation of how individuals interact. Each object and action in culture carries a symbolic meaning.

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.

Culture shock

cultural relativism

Dan immersed himself into the tribal culture and had begun to see life as they perceived it

#2 Functionalism

Dr. Habros is one of the most highly respected citizens in the small town of Baker, because he serves such an important function in the community.

Control theory

Dr. Pawley asserts that the latest generation of students is more generally disengaged from society, and that this is contributing to increased deviance at the school.

Meredith and Ray are new employees in the claims department at Greensleeve Insurance Company, and have begun work on the same day. At their orientation, they meet with their new manager to receive their assignments, become oriented with their work areas, and to be provided with the handbook of employee rules, policies, and procedures. Which element of the scenario is an example of social order?

Employee handbook

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage.

Endogamous

Which are benefits of bureaucracies?

Enhanced efficiency Equal opportunity

Self-development occurs throughout life in eight psychosocial stages.

Erikson

A study observing and interviewing office workers about the everyday culture in their corporate environment

Ethnography

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds.

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Which affects are associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

Increase in unemployment Increase of international trade

The blockwatch gathers monthly to address issues of safety on their street.

Instrumental functions

Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged?

Karl Marx

Modernization theory

Marvin feels socially excluded from his children and grandchildren, who are focused on their computers and cell phones, devices he does not understand how to use.

Which sociologist developed the classification system for power and authority?

Max Weber

Which statements describe a utilitarian organization?

Membership is on a contractual basis. There are tangible benefits of membership.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, three fourths of children of divorced parents live with their mother. What impact might this have on the U.S. male population over time?

Men may be more aggressive which may lead to an increase in crime, domestic violence, etc.

Pastoral

Nomadic, domesticated animals, created goods surplus

Hunter-Gatherer

Nomadic, tribal, relied on surroundings for survival

The club had an enormous amount of influence over everyone on campus.

Reference group

The Davis-Moore Thesis states:

That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

Commodification

The buying and selling of health care

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

If we consider the concentric zone model, which is a conflict theorist's critique?v

The model fails to show the gentrification of neighborhoods as certain classes start to take over cities.

Conflict theory

The varying socialization that occurs based on class, gender, and other social characteristics perpetuates the inequality of society.

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's?

There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor?

We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

Conflict theory

Wealth is concentrated within an elite class, and this is made possible through the exploitation of workers, the underemployed, and the unemployed.

A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by:

Wealth, power, income, race, education

Three things are important for the formation and sustentation of a city. Which of the below options is NOT one of them?

Well constructed buildings

Which factors characterize nations that are top-rated in education?

Well-established standards Clear student goals

Which is an example of a positive informal sanction?

When Leo offers his seat on the bus to an elderly person, others smile and nod.

What describes socialism?

Work and wealth are shared equally among society.

Which are examples of social controls?

rewards sanctions punishments

Which skills or knowledge are important to sociologists?

understanding of public policy and program statistical analysis

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?

Conflict Theory

Which statement describes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

The constructs of the language they speak shapes how people think.

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.

Quantitative

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________.

The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account.

Which are examples of topics that sociologists might explore?

rodeos how cell phones affect communication

An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?

195,000

In 2013, the number of refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced people worldwide exceeded ______ people for the first time since the end of World War II.

50 million

Your grandmother is still very active and loves to get her friends together for bridge on Friday. They always talk about all those old-old people down at the senior center who like to play bingo. About how old are the old-old senior citizens to whom they are referring?

Polygyny

A man with more than one wife

The term interpretive framework can be defined as:

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

Boomerang generation

After completing college, Nathan and many of his contemporaries found themselves returning to their parents home due to the lack of meaningful job prospects.

Which describes the theory of aging known as gerotranscendence?

Aging people go beyond the range of the more limited life views they held in younger periods.

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

Agricultural

Education is important to society because:

All of the above

How did the ruling of the landmark case Plessy vs. Ferguson impact education?

Allowed racial segregation in schools

1967's Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of

Amalgamation

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____.

An innovation

Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in:

Anarchy

Which descriptions are true of the convergence theory?

Associated with the industrialization of a society Results in economies more similar to each other as they develop

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

Authoritarian

Role conflict

Carol has a hard time being both sister and authority figure when she is tasked with babysitting her younger sibling.

Soc 101

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