SOC 101: Test 1

An emerging value in our society is found in which of the following expressions

"Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth"

About how many adults in the United States speak a language other than English at home?

62 million

When did Sociology become established as an academic discipline in the US

About 1800

W.E.B. described African Americans "double-consciousness" because

African Americans are second identity based on skin color

the term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by

Auguste Comte

Identify the three sociologist who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach

Auguste, Herbert, Emile

Counterculture refers to

Culture patterns that oppose those that are widely held

Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population

During time of social crisis

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying

Ethnocentrism

The claim that US culture is wrongly dominated by a European and especially English, way of life characterizes our culture as

Eurocentric

_ are rules about everyday, casual living:_ are rules with great moral significance

Folkways: mores

which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peach Prize

Jane Adams

Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

Material Culture

What might a Sociologist say about people's selection in marriage partners?

People Marry because fall in love

The chapter's sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born with a woman reflects

Simply the desires of her husband

which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior

Social Structure

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"

Sociology

Harley Davidson motorcycle riders, computer programmers, and jazz musicians all display_ patterns

Sub-cultural

According to Gerhard Lenski which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society

Technology

What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the season influence activities and choice of clothing describe?

The fact that people from all around the world make mostly identical choices about how to live

The ancient Roman saw the stars as being god. Auguste Comte would classify Roman society as being in which of the following stages of history

Theological Stage

Early Sociologist first doctorate awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?

W.E.B Du

Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology

a police officer understands which categories of people are high risk of becoming victims of crime

Sociologist define a symbol as

anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture

Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations

are based on all available facts

Today, hunting and gathering societies

are close to disappearing from the world.

Culture universals are elements of culture that

are part of every known culture

Sociologist refer to tangible or physical human creation as

artifacts

Compared to college students of the late 1960s, more of today's college students are concerned with

being involved in political affairs

The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called

cultural diffusion

The spread of cultural traits from one society to another called

diffusion

The US is multicultural because

each individual holds many different and conflicting values and beliefs

Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differs from her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her to

end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life

An accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach is that it ________

ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict

Gaining a global understanding is

important for college students because most new U.S. jobs involve international trade.

The chapter opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co. shows us that

learning more about cultural diversity can help company boost sales

Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in rural area as urban area are categorized as

low-income nations

ACCORDING to EMIL DURKHEIM categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have

more clinical power

Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of

only class, because of the wealthiness

C. Wright Mils claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed

personal problems into public issues

A manifest function of sports is

providing recreation and physical conditioning

One dominant values in the US culture is the right to equal opportunity and freedom another is

racism and group superiority

Sometimes the distinction between high culture and popular culture is not so clear, as shown by the television show Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo, because ________

reality shows have made poor families rich

The framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change is the

social-conflict approach

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural-functional approach

Racial discrimination is professional sports is the evident today in

the positions typically played by white and black players

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is ________

the product of people interacting in countless everyday situations

Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was

the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities

In the feature about Barbara Ehrenreich working at a low-wage jobs, we learned that she

worked very hard but never made enough money to pay for her basic needs

Sociology first appeared discipline in

France

Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?

Harriet Martineau

In the United States today, the suicide rate is the highest for which of the following categories of people?

White Males

the early us sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was

William G. Sumner

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population

may not be functional for people in another category

Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality are

more serious in poorer countries

The United States is the most_ of all countries

multicultural

As a part of human culture, religion is an example of

non material culture

Elements of social contract in everyday life includes shame, guilt, and

sanction

A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it

says little about the influence of structural factors such as culture, class, gender, and race

the concept of_ refers to a shared way of life and the term_ refers to a political entity

Culture, nation

The nation of Western Europe, Israel, Japan and Australia fall into which category of countries?

High-Income nations

What type of society engages in large-scale farming based on the use of plows drawn by animals or more powerful energy source

Horticultural

Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on

How society actually operates

which type of human society has existed only since the year 1750

Industrial Societies

Culture change is set in motion in three general ways, what are they?

Invasion, Invention, and Experiment

_ one of the founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it

Max Weber

Thomas Hobbes idea that society reflects a selfish human nature illustrates the thinking common at which of Comte's historical stages?

Metaphysical Stage

Sociologist use the term "social marginality" to refer to

People who are defined by others as an "outsider"

_____ is a way of understanding the world based on science.

Positivism

According to Auguste, the type of thinking favored by people such as Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, becomes common in a society at which stage of societal development

Post-Scientific Stage

Theoretical approach highlight fact that average African American family have less income

Race-conflict

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that

Relies of culture to ensure survival

Who was the U.S. sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns? a. Robert K. Merton b. William Graham Sumner c. Talcott Parsons d. C. Wright Mills

Robert K

Social Structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as whole. Which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences

Social Dysfunctions

Sociologist Lenore Weitzman carried out research showing that women who divorce

Suffer a significant loss of income

If social marginality encourages sociological thinking, we would expect people in which category listed below to make the most use of the sociological perspective?

The middle class

Come described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development

Theological stage

the dominant values of the US culture include

a belief in individuality

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages

a challenging many commonly-held beliefs

the fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols show us that

today's young people are smarter than their parents

the social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is

fairly equal with men and women each making a vital contributing to survival

By Stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar", in the test argues that sociologist_

focus on the bizarre elements of society

An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to

folkways

PETER BERGER describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the _ in the _

general; particular

The flow of _ from country to country adds to the creation of a global culture

goods

Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be

high in both rural and urban

the distinction between high culture and popular culture are based mostly on

how interesting the culture pattern is

Sociologist cannot identify "the laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because

human behavior may be patterned but it is also spontaneous

Hip Hop music and the Dj scene first emerged

in the South Bronx during the 1970s

Understanding the difference between countries encourages

increase our understanding of both of our own lives and the lives of others

An example of a lantent function of college is

keeping young people out of the tight labor force which may not have jobs for them

A good example of culture lag is

older people trying to make younger people respect tradition

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

passing cultural patterns from one generation to another

The Spir-Whorf thesis states that

people see the word through the culture lens of their language

Simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called

stereotype

About 1.2 million immigrants enter the United States each year and many have become well known. These facts support the conclusion that

the worlds nation are increasingly interconnected

Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was

to bring about a greater social equality

Examples of people applying their knowledge of sociology at work include people in medicine

understanding that factors like race, class and gender have no effect on well-being

By definition, horticultural societies are those in which people

use simple hand tools to raise crops