SOC 101: Test 1
An emerging value in our society is found in which of the following expressions
"Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth"
About how many adults in the United States speak a language other than English at home?
62 million
When did Sociology become established as an academic discipline in the US
About 1800
W.E.B. described African Americans "double-consciousness" because
African Americans are second identity based on skin color
the term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by
Auguste Comte
Identify the three sociologist who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach
Auguste, Herbert, Emile
Counterculture refers to
Culture patterns that oppose those that are widely held
Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population
During time of social crisis
A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying
Ethnocentrism
The claim that US culture is wrongly dominated by a European and especially English, way of life characterizes our culture as
Eurocentric
_ are rules about everyday, casual living:_ are rules with great moral significance
Folkways: mores
which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peach Prize
Jane Adams
Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?
Material Culture
What might a Sociologist say about people's selection in marriage partners?
People Marry because fall in love
The chapter's sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born with a woman reflects
Simply the desires of her husband
which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior
Social Structure
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"
Sociology
Harley Davidson motorcycle riders, computer programmers, and jazz musicians all display_ patterns
Sub-cultural
According to Gerhard Lenski which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society
Technology
What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the season influence activities and choice of clothing describe?
The fact that people from all around the world make mostly identical choices about how to live
The ancient Roman saw the stars as being god. Auguste Comte would classify Roman society as being in which of the following stages of history
Theological Stage
Early Sociologist first doctorate awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?
W.E.B Du
Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology
a police officer understands which categories of people are high risk of becoming victims of crime
Sociologist define a symbol as
anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture
Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations
are based on all available facts
Today, hunting and gathering societies
are close to disappearing from the world.
Culture universals are elements of culture that
are part of every known culture
Sociologist refer to tangible or physical human creation as
artifacts
Compared to college students of the late 1960s, more of today's college students are concerned with
being involved in political affairs
The practice of understanding another culture on its own terms and using its own standards is called
cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another called
diffusion
The US is multicultural because
each individual holds many different and conflicting values and beliefs
Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differs from her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her to
end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life
An accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach is that it ________
ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict
Gaining a global understanding is
important for college students because most new U.S. jobs involve international trade.
The chapter opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co. shows us that
learning more about cultural diversity can help company boost sales
Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in rural area as urban area are categorized as
low-income nations
ACCORDING to EMIL DURKHEIM categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have
more clinical power
Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of
only class, because of the wealthiness
C. Wright Mils claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed
personal problems into public issues
A manifest function of sports is
providing recreation and physical conditioning
One dominant values in the US culture is the right to equal opportunity and freedom another is
racism and group superiority
Sometimes the distinction between high culture and popular culture is not so clear, as shown by the television show Here Comes Honey Boo-Boo, because ________
reality shows have made poor families rich
The framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change is the
social-conflict approach
The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
structural-functional approach
Racial discrimination is professional sports is the evident today in
the positions typically played by white and black players
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is ________
the product of people interacting in countless everyday situations
Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was
the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities
In the feature about Barbara Ehrenreich working at a low-wage jobs, we learned that she
worked very hard but never made enough money to pay for her basic needs
Sociology first appeared discipline in
France
Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
In the United States today, the suicide rate is the highest for which of the following categories of people?
White Males
the early us sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was
William G. Sumner
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as
manifest functions
Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population
may not be functional for people in another category
Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality are
more serious in poorer countries
The United States is the most_ of all countries
multicultural
As a part of human culture, religion is an example of
non material culture
Elements of social contract in everyday life includes shame, guilt, and
sanction
A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it
says little about the influence of structural factors such as culture, class, gender, and race
the concept of_ refers to a shared way of life and the term_ refers to a political entity
Culture, nation
The nation of Western Europe, Israel, Japan and Australia fall into which category of countries?
High-Income nations
What type of society engages in large-scale farming based on the use of plows drawn by animals or more powerful energy source
Horticultural
Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on
How society actually operates
which type of human society has existed only since the year 1750
Industrial Societies
Culture change is set in motion in three general ways, what are they?
Invasion, Invention, and Experiment
_ one of the founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it
Max Weber
Thomas Hobbes idea that society reflects a selfish human nature illustrates the thinking common at which of Comte's historical stages?
Metaphysical Stage
Sociologist use the term "social marginality" to refer to
People who are defined by others as an "outsider"
_____ is a way of understanding the world based on science.
Positivism
According to Auguste, the type of thinking favored by people such as Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, becomes common in a society at which stage of societal development
Post-Scientific Stage
Theoretical approach highlight fact that average African American family have less income
Race-conflict
Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that
Relies of culture to ensure survival
Who was the U.S. sociologist who distinguished between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns? a. Robert K. Merton b. William Graham Sumner c. Talcott Parsons d. C. Wright Mills
Robert K
Social Structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as whole. Which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences
Social Dysfunctions
Sociologist Lenore Weitzman carried out research showing that women who divorce
Suffer a significant loss of income
If social marginality encourages sociological thinking, we would expect people in which category listed below to make the most use of the sociological perspective?
The middle class
Come described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development
Theological stage
the dominant values of the US culture include
a belief in individuality
Making use of the sociological perspective encourages
a challenging many commonly-held beliefs
the fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols show us that
today's young people are smarter than their parents
the social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is
fairly equal with men and women each making a vital contributing to survival
By Stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar", in the test argues that sociologist_
focus on the bizarre elements of society
An act of kindness, such as opening the door for an elderly man, illustrates conforming to
folkways
PETER BERGER describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the _ in the _
general; particular
The flow of _ from country to country adds to the creation of a global culture
goods
Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be
high in both rural and urban
the distinction between high culture and popular culture are based mostly on
how interesting the culture pattern is
Sociologist cannot identify "the laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because
human behavior may be patterned but it is also spontaneous
Hip Hop music and the Dj scene first emerged
in the South Bronx during the 1970s
Understanding the difference between countries encourages
increase our understanding of both of our own lives and the lives of others
An example of a lantent function of college is
keeping young people out of the tight labor force which may not have jobs for them
A good example of culture lag is
older people trying to make younger people respect tradition
Cultural transmission refers to the process of
passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
The Spir-Whorf thesis states that
people see the word through the culture lens of their language
Simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called
stereotype
About 1.2 million immigrants enter the United States each year and many have become well known. These facts support the conclusion that
the worlds nation are increasingly interconnected
Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was
to bring about a greater social equality
Examples of people applying their knowledge of sociology at work include people in medicine
understanding that factors like race, class and gender have no effect on well-being
By definition, horticultural societies are those in which people
use simple hand tools to raise crops
