SOC 1101 Ch 7-18

It is possible for a presidential candidate to win the popular vote (have more people across the country vote for him/her than voted for their opponent), but still lose the electoral vote.

true

The United Nations estimates that as of 2017, there were approximately__________________ people around the world who are chronically undernourished.

815 million

Second Wave of Feminism

Equal Opportunity

Which of the following is TRUE about the US political system?

We have a two party system

Match the following: -Car Wealth or Income?

Wealth

Panic

a massive flight from something that is feared

Match the following: -Owning property (real estate) Wealth or Income?

Wealth

status

prestige associated with a social position

______ proceeds from the belief that gender inequalities are the product of flawed social institutions and practices and can be remedied by effecting changes to social institutions

Liberal feminism

Fads

Temporary highly imitated outbreaks of unconventional behavior

Riot

an illegal prolonged outbreak of violent behavior by a sizable group of people directed against people or property

Craze

an intense attraction to an object, person or activity

A society in which success is based on talent and individual effort best describes

meritocracy

Infant mortality rate

number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 for every 1,000 live births

Match the rights below to the correct category. A citizen can run for political office

political

Neighborhoods where 20% or more of the households are living in poverty are defined as _____________________________areas.

poverty

Antimiscegenation laws mandated ______ in marriage.

racial endogamy

Poor areas are more likely than mixed income or high income neighborhoods to experience: - higher levels of crime - low quality housing and education - few job opportunities - all of the above

all of the above

At its most basic level, politics refers to the exertion of influence—that is, control—over policies that affect society.

true

The following is an excerpt from research cited in your textbook: Prudence had been living with her family in a village seventy-five miles away [from the hospital], and she had received no prenatal care. She went into labor at full term, assisted by a traditional birth attendant who had no training. But Prudence's cervix was blocked, and the baby couldn't come out. After three days of labor, the birth attendant sat on Prudence's stomach and jumped up and down. That ruptured Prudence's uterus. The family paid a man with a motorcycle to take Prudence to the hospital. The hospital's doctor . . . realized that she needed an emergency cesarean. But he wanted $100 for the surgery, and Prudence's husband and parents said that they could raise only $20. . . . If she had been a man, the family probably would have sold enough possessions to raise $100. (Kristof & WuDunn, 2009, pp. 109-110) Which of the following are cited as factors that endangers women's health globally?

all of the above

Which of the following is true about women and workplace in the United States? a) At the end of the 19th century, only one in five women age 16 or older was paid for her work; most paid female employees were young, unmarried, or poor (often all three) and held very low-wage jobs. b) By 1950, 5 years after the end of World War II, the proportion of American women working outside the home for pay rose to one third. c) The enormous economic expansion that continued through the 1970s drew even more women into the paid workforce, attracted by higher pay and supported by the passage of laws such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which made unequal pay for doing the same job illegal. d) Women's educational gains also opened up more professional and well-paid positions to them. By 1980, more than half of U.S. women were in the paid workforce e) All of the above

all of the above

The term ______ may be used to undermine the credibility or legitimacy of an occasion or act of collective behavior.

riot

expulsion

refers to the process of forcibly removing a population from a particular area.

Which of these best fits the definition of a nation-state?

the United States

Class Dominance Theory

Conflict Perspective

Pluralist Theory

Functionalist Perspective

As of 2014: For people aged 65 years or older: ________ percent of men hold a bachelors degree _______ of women hold a bachelor's degree.

a little over 30% , 20%

religion

A system of common beliefs and rituals centered on "sacred things" that unites believers and provides a sense of meaning and purpose

Charismatic Authority

Power based on devotion inspired in followers by the personal qualities in a leader

Which of the following is NOT a reason provided in your text an explanation for declining rates of marriage?

Single people are unwilling to marry those who have been divorced.

_________encompasses the norms, roles, and behavioral characteristics associated in a given society with being male or female. _________ encompasses the anatomical and other biological differences between males and females that originate in human genes.

gender, sex

The abilities, education, and skill sets deemed desirable and valuable in a particular field or occupation are termed _____

human capital

Barry refuses to serve a couple in his restaurant because they are Asian.

individual discrimination

In George Peter Murdock's anthropological study of preindustrial societies, which of the following norms underpinning relationships was the most common?

polygyny

Watch the video above to answer the question. Which of the following approaches does the government use to calculate the poverty rate in the United States?

poverty as a measure of absolute deprivation

A ______ social movement seeks to do away with existing structures—economic, political, and social—and replace them fundamentally different systems.

revolutionary

Class dominance theory both extends and modifies Marx's ideas by focusing on the importance of ______.

social networks

Terry teases Lana and tells her that "she's going to bomb" when she gets called to the board to complete an algebra problem. Lana gets nervous and makes a simple addition error.

stereotype threat

enrolling in AP courses achieving academic honors finishing in the top 10% of the class graduating

stereotype threat

Each state receives a certain number of electoral votes based on

the size of the state's population

An individual who identifies with a gender other than that which he or she was assigned at birth or whose genitals are inconsistent with his or her gender identity is referred to as a ______ person.

transgender

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of a panic?

trust in institutions

religious economy

An approach to the sociology of religion that suggests that religions can be fruitfully understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers.

______ theory maintains that social stratification does not benefit society as a whole but instead serves the interests of wealthy and powerful people.

Conflict

Rational-Legal Authority

Power based on a belief in the lawfulness of enacted rules and the legitimate right of leaders to exercise authority under such rules

Match the organization with the sector in which it belongs. Prudential

Private sector

Elisa has a negative attitude towards people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds from her own, she thinks they have criminal tendencies and are not trustworthy.

Prjeudice

Government provided health care insurance (i.e., Medicare), old age insurance (Social Security), unemployment benefits, and minimum wage for workers are examples of _____________________.

The Welfare State

Which of the following is TRUE about William Domhoff's assertions about the Power Elite?

The members of the Power Elite are united by attitudes supporting pro-bussiness, anti-regulations for the environment and common enemies including environmentalists, labor and consumer activists

What does it mean to say that a society is pluralistic?

The population is not homogenous but characterized by diversity—religious, racial, and ethnic.

On average, men earn more than women between occupations; those jobs mostly held by men tend to pay better than those jobs mostly held by women.

True

On average, men earn more then women who work within the same occupation

True

Patriarchy refers to any set of relationships in which men dominate women.

True

race

refers to a group of people who share a set of characteristics (usually physical) deemed by society to be socially significant

Identify the components sociologists use to determine one's social class position. (Select all that apply.) -Wealth -Income -Political Voice -Status

wealth, income, political voice, status

Which racial or ethnic group has the largest gap between men and women's earnings? In other words, identify the ethnic group where women have the lowest percentage of earnings as a percentage of men's earnings. (p.269)

White (non-Hispanic)

The creation of specialized social institutions and social roles, which is both a source and result of greater social complexity, is known as ______.

differentiation

Theorists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore propose that economic inequality

ensures that a society's most demanding and critical positions are filled by those who are most qualified

When looking at inequalities of wealth, more Americans than ever are investing in the stock market and this has resulted in:

more wealth inequality than income inequality

reformist movement

movements seeking to bring about change within existing the existing economic and political system

segregation

refers to the practice of separating people spatially or socially on the basis of race or ethnicity.

According to your textbook, which of the following best characterizes the US political system?

representative democracy

Hawaii is one of the most expensive housing markets in the country, comparable to San Francisco or New York,without the ______________they offer in San Francisco and New York.

salaries

The Gender Wage Gap is defined by which of the following?

the difference between the earnings of women who work full time year round as a group and those of men who work full time year round as a group

Men employed in conventionally "female" occupations, such as nursing or education, have an advantage over their female counterparts by virtue of their gender. This is known as ______.

the glass escalator

The Glass Escalator is..

the nearly invisible promotional boost men gain in female dominated occupations

Scholars continue to debate the relative merits of cultural pluralism and assimilation.

true

Fashions

styles of imitated behavior or appearance that are part of a longer duration than a fad

Socialist Feminism

the idea that women's inequality results from a combination of capitalist economic relations and male domination

Compared to Canada, the US has both a higher percentage of cohabitating households, and a higher percentage of households that are married or in civil partnership.

false

Why do we sometimes use the more familiar term "country" or "state" instead of "nation-state"? (p.380)

Because the term "Nation-State" refers to a singular people and most political entities, such as the United Sates or Iraq, have diverse populations or several "nations" living under one state

The Los Angeles City Council voted 13-1 to adopt a $15 per hour minimum wage by 2020. Detractors worried that owners of small and medium-sized businesses would struggle to pay workers. However, the workers argued that they are merely trying to survive. Workers stated they are merely asking businesses to offer them a fair share. San Francisco and Seattle have adopted similar measures to raise the minimum wage. Los Angeles will have a second vote, since the decision was not unanimous. Still, one councilmember stated that the City Council is sympathetic and there is a sense among the Council that action should be taken. Marisa Avila, a home healthcare worker, stated "We are people who work three jobs, two jobs to survive. So how [come] those big companies come over here and tell us that they cannot survive in business? Come on, you have to share." Her words suggest that power currently lies in the hands of a few wealthy business owners, a viewpoint articulated by which of the following theories?

Class dominance theory

Caste systems are more common in countries today than they were in the past.

False

Match the following: -the amount of money you earn in a given year Wealth or Income?

Income

Which of the following is true about the experience of American Indians? a) From 1500 to 1800 the Native American population was reduced from 20 million to 600,000 b) The US government decided to permit the unregulated slaughter of bison in the post Civil War era, depleting this key Native American Resource c) "Indian wars" were bloody battles waged with white settlers who had superior weaponry d) all of the above

all of the above

Changes with regard to the role and significance of religion in social life and the enactment of religious rituals a. may change over time b. may be more closely related to political events than spiritual matters c. may change as society changes d. all of these

all of these

Why are there more fathers more likely to provide primary child-care now than in previous generations?

Circumstances such as labor market conditions and health issues are more conducive to stay-at-home fathering.

The Split Labor Market Theory explains racism through the lens of which of the following perspectives?

Conflict

Both conflict and functionalist perspectives agree that economic inequality benefits society as a whole.

False

In a class system, an ascribed characteristic like the social class position one was born into does not strongly influence a person's life chances.

False

The majority of the world's population lives in low-income countries.

False

Watch the video above and answer the question. Based on the way the government defines poverty, if you work you cannot be poor.

False

Which of the following best characterizes a split labor market?

In a capitalist system, the competition on the labor market between a low wage and high wage group creates racism or ethnic antagonism

Which of the following ideas about the relationship between biology and gender is true?

In most known societies, inequalities favor males over females.

Differentiation, the development of increasing societal complexity through the creation of specialized social roles and institutions, is also known as_________________.

NOT functionalism

Residents' actions in San Francisco to embrace renewable energy, compost or reduce waste, for example, appear to fit within the philosophy of "Think globally, act locally" and require individuals to make proactive changes for the betterment of society as a whole. Social movements that are fundamentally concerned with the quality of private life, often advocating large-scale changes in the way people think and act are known as ____________ social movements.

New

Traditional Authority

Power based on the belief in the sanctity of long standing traditions and the long-standing right of rulers to exercise authority in accordance with those traditions.

Match the organization with the sector in which it belongs. Columbus Recreations and Parks Department

Public Sector

Match the organization with the sector in which it belongs. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Public Sector

crowds

Temporary gatherings of closely interacting people with a common focus.

Herbert Gans argues that those who are better off in society benefit from poverty and are not motivated to fight poverty comprehensively because poverty is demonstrably functional for them.

True

Interest groups are advocacy groups that utilized their organizational and social resources to influence legislation.

True

Public housing built in the post WWII period was intended to provide affordable housing for the poor, but also led to the concentration of poverty and blocked the possibility of mixed-income neighborhoods.

True

The decline of manufacturing in the 1970's had a profound effect on neighborhood poverty for some urban areas such as Chicago and Detroit.

True

Transgendered people may have heterosexual, lesbian, gay, or bisexual sexual orientation.

True

Which of the following statements about genocide is true? a. It has not occurred in Europe. b. The term—a combination of the Hebrew word for nation and the Latin word for plan—was coined by the Greek philosopher Thomas Aquinas. c. It is rarely a consequence of strained majority-minority relations. d. While considered a crime under international law, the international community does not always agree on when it has been committed or how to address it.

While considered a crime under international law, the international community does not always agree on when it has been committed or how to address it.

Human capital is defined as the skills, knowledge and credentials valuable in a particular workplace. A worker with high levels of human capital enters the labor market to find a job and negotiate wages with a high level of valuable skill, knowledge and credentials (i.e., certificates, degrees, awards, etc..). Which of the following is true of wage differences between men and women in the United States?

a pay gap exists at every educational level; in a sense, women cannot educate themselves out of the gap

Based on this video, which of the following is true

all of the above

Which of the following is true of Arab Americans? -Immigrants began coming to the US from Arab countries in the 1880s -Arab Americans suffer from post 911 racial discrimination -Arab Americans are also a model minority with higher levels of education and income than the general population -all of the above

all of the above

According to Jürgen Habermas, one reason people do not question ______ is because ______ intervenes when there is an economic crisis.

capitalism; government

The Apartheid system in South Africa existed from 1948-1994. "Apartheid" means separate. Black South Africans were not allowed free movement throughout the society. The levels of opportunity for jobs and education were closed off to Black South Africans, they were forced to remain at the social level of their birth throughout out life. The Apartheid system is a

caste system

The concept that refers to how women are less inclined to have "extra children" because they are more confident their children will survive is called the _____________________________.

child survival hypothesis

Match the rights below to the correct category. Equal treatment regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation or disability

civil

In its "pure" or "ideal" form, ______ is an economic system without private ownership of the means of production. Workers control of the means of production, and all share what is produced. According to Marx, with this arrangement, economic inequality—and so class distinctions—disappear.

communism

Which sociological perspective helps us to recognize the ways racism is beneficial for more powerful groups in society?

conflict

Secularization refers to a set of processes whereby religions compete for members.

false

While the practice of souping is still new, if the well-organized efforts of marketing and media make it a style of imitative behavior that people emulate for a long period of time, it would be considered a

fashion

Which of the following terms refers to the belief that social equality should exist between the sexes, and also refers to social movements aimed at achieving that goal?

feminism

Net financial assets differ from net worth. Net financial assets are a measure of wealth that exclude illiquid assets (read about what this means in your textbook). Which of the following are examples of net financial assets?

financial investments such as stocks and bonds

Watch the video above to answer the question. The government adopted Orshansky's method of measuring poverty, which used information on spending on ______________ as a basis for establishing a poverty line.

food

Many social movements try to gather support through door to door canvassing, and passing out leaflets to get people to participate in demonstrations. This type of activity is known as

grass roots organizing

In the U.S., median age at first marriage

has increased over the past 40 years for both men and women

Civil Liberties

includes freedom of expression and belief, rights of association and organization, rule of law, and individual rights

A pizza delivery driver's hourly wage plus the tips he receives are classified as ______.

income

Match the rights below to the correct category. A person can openly express political opinions

political

The term "democracy" originated in Athens (5th Century B.C.) where it took the form of direct democracy. Direct democracy is rarely possible today because of the sheer size of most countries and the complexity of their political affairs. One exception where direct democracy is used in the United States is the...

referendum process in Oregon and California to bring an issue to the ballot

assimilation

refers to the absorption of a minority group into the dominant culture.

cultural pluralism

refers to the coexistence of different racial and ethnic groups, characterized by acceptance of one another's differences.

In the U.S., there is a movement that advocates a living wage for all full-time employees. Specifically, they would like to see legislation passed that would mandate that all businesses that employ more than 50 people pay their laborers wages that would allow them to live above the poverty line. This can be classified as a ______ movement.

reformist

The Same-sex marriage rights movement was formed to obtain the legalization of same sex marriage. This is an example of a ______________________ movement.

reformist

Which of the following theories of social change argues that change reflects a cycle of growth and decline?

rise and fall theories

Both racism and ________ are rooted in ideas about inherent superiority and inferiority and are often used to justify systematic inequalities.

sexism

Which of the following is true? a) sociologists treat race as scientifically significant; sociological research has discovered that there are biological and genetic differences distinguishing each race despite the fact that biologists and geneticists have not found these differences b) sociologists treat race as socially significant; if race is defined as real, then it is real in it's consequences c) Sociologists have never discovered a link between race and power d) all of the above

sociologists treat race as socially significant; if race is defined as real, then it is real in it's consequences

Pushing out local Hawaiians, many who held jobs, into homeless camps for the sake of wealthier tourists is a good example of what sociologists call ______, or the systematic ranking of individuals based on difference in society.

stratification

Which of the following best characterizes the social conflict perspective's explanation of stratification and inequality?

stratification and inequality exist because those who have power use it to create economic and social conditions favorable to them and their children even if it is detrimental to the lower classes.

Total fertility rate

the average number of children a woman in a given country will have in her lifetime (if age specific fertility rates hold throughout her lifetime, ages 15-49)

The artificial boundary that allows women to see the next occupational level even as structural obstacles keep them from reaching it is referred to using what term?

the glass ceiling

According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (2010), one in _________ women and one in __________ men had been victims of intimate partner violence in their lifetimes.

three, four

Play among young girls who stay with all-girl groups tends to reflect norms of encouragement and support, while young boys in same-gender groups develop a tendency toward more aggressive and competitive play.

true

The display of flags bearing confederate imagery is a contentious issue across the South. In Alabama, the governor removed confederate flags from capitol grounds. The issue is unsettled in South Carolina. Bipartisan support for changing the state flag in Mississippi echoes the controversy in Georgia in 2003, where state officials adopted a new state flag. Seen by detractors as a symbol of aggression and hate against African Americans, some white Southerners insist the confederate imagery in the flag represents an important piece of Southern history. Controversy over flying the Confederate Flag raises questions about ______, the unearned and often oblivious advantages of whiteness.

white privilege

One of the classical approaches to explaining gender differences was presented by Structural Functionalist Talcott Parsons in the mid 1950's. He argued that:

women make their contribution in a modern capitalist society by raising children and maintaining the family unit while men go out and earn a living

On the way back from back-to-back piano and then soccer practice, ten-year-old Jayden's discusses his his day with his mother in the car. During the conversation, he reveals that he got into a name-calling argument at soccer practice when another child got in front of him to run the eight cone dribbling drill. Jayden's mother demonstrates concern, listens without scolding, and asks what the coach did to intervene. When Jayden responded that the coach seemed to pretend not to notice, Jayden's mother declares that she will call the coach to talk about the incident and find out how he intends to handle situations when children don't wait their turn. What style of parenting does it seem Jayden's mother is following?

concerted cultivation

Which age group is least likely to vote in presidential elections?

18-29

_____ of millennials accept same-sex marriage.

71%

_____ of elementary and middle school teachers are female.

79%

Which of the following best characterizes how sociologists define the term "sex" (pp.257-259)?

Sex encompasses the anatomical and biological differences between males and females that originate in genes

On most standardized tests, females score higher than males.

false

The upper middle class in America consist of upper managers, professionals, and medium sized business owners. They make around $_______ per year and are ________% of the US population.

$150,000; 14%

The "Capitalist" class consists of investors, heirs and executives. They make about $_________ per year and are _______% of the US population.

$2 million; 1%

Which of the following is considered a basic element of religion according to sociologists? (Check all that apply.) -It is a form of culture. -All religions have a behavioral aspect. -The beliefs are true. -Religion provides a sense of purpose and meaning.

-It is a form of culture. -All religions have a behavioral aspect. -Religion provides a sense of purpose and meaning.

Above is a picture of people who came to protest Freddie Gray's death that occurred while he was in police custody. Which theory of collective behavior argues that crowd behavior can appear to look chaotic and disorganized, but crowd members actually stake stock of what is going on around them and are mindful of their personal motivations and collectively define the situation they find themselves in?

Emergent Norm Theory

Across all years in the graph, which of the following groups is most likely to vote?

Those with a bachelors degree or higher

Political Rights

based on the electoral process, political pluralism (a diversity of voices allowed to be heard in the political system), and access to political participation

Download this brief article from American Heart Foundation.Org to readGender bias required to right a wrong.pdf before answering the question below: Heart disease is the number one cause of death for women throughout the world. Research has found less accurate diagnosis of heart disease in women. Which of the following are reasons found for this gender bias in medicine?

all of the above

Which of the following statements is true about trends in marriage and divorce in the United States? -One third of young adults indicated that economic reasons were a key obstacle to getting married. -The most common reason people 35 and older give for not being married is that they are not ready to settle down. -Rates of marriage in the U.S. have declined. -The U.S. divorce rate is declining. -The U.S. divorce rate is increasing.

NOT -One third of young adults indicated that economic reasons were a key obstacle to getting married. -The most common reason people 35 and older give for not being married is that they are not ready to settle down. -Rates of marriage in the U.S. have declined. -The U.S. divorce rate is declining

Laws that restrict or eliminate the voting rights of people with past felony convictions are legally ____________.

disenfranchised

One strategy that a social movement organization may adopt is that of shaping its values, goals, norms, and rhetoric so that they are in keeping with those of the broader society. This practice is referred to as ______.

frame alignment

As of 2014: For people ages 25-34: _______ percent of men hold a bachelor's degree ______ percent of women hold a bachelor's degree.

just under 30%, 37%

Looking at the map above, where are the poverty areas located in Detroit?

near and around the city

Traditional Authority

The Queen of England

In the United States, the distribution of wealth is more unequal than the distribution of income

True

Functionalist perspectives on economic inequality begin with the assumption that

stratification benefits society as a whole

Which of the following terms refers to a single-people (a nation) governed by a political authority (a state)?

nation-state

theism

A belief in one or more supernatural deities.

Monarchy

A form of governance in which power resides in an individual or family and is passed down from one generation to the next through hereditary lines

Totalitarianism

A form of governance that denies popular political participation in government and also seeks to regulate and control all aspects of the public and private lives of its citizens

polytheism

The belief that there are different gods representing various categories of natural forces.

According to the research cited in the pod cast, which of the following are identified as causal factors in the higher infant mortality, lower birth weight, and pre-mature delivery rates among African American women? (Select all all that apply, there is more than one correct answer): -failing to take the proper prenatal vitamins -genetic predisposition -lack of social support -lack of education -the stress of discrimination

lack of social support the stress of discrimination

A system of binding and recognized codified rules of behavior that regulate actions of people pertaining to a given jurisdiction defines

law

According to Marx, the government of a capitalist nation

makes legislation that benefits those who own the means of production

Before the 1960's, in many parts of the United States, it was a crime for whites to sell their homes or rent apartments to nonwhites in white neighborhoods

segregation

income

the amount of money a person or household earns in a given period of time

These feminists hold that choice is a central tenet of feminism, and pay significant attention to issues such as gendered violence and reproductive rights, and they also argue that any issue a feminist finds important can and should be talked about.

third wave

Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential election.

true

For sociologists, religion is viewed and treated as a(n) ______.

social institution

Which of the following argues that the knowledge we create is conditioned by where we stand in society, that is to say, our subjective social position ?

standpoint theory

Welfare State

a political order characterized by the broad provision of social and economic welfare benefits for the citizenry; associated with social rights

These girls in their long sportswear and scarves playing basketball in interaction with other girls on the team is a good example of what sociologists Candice West and Don Zimmerman called

doing gender.

rumors

unverified forms of information that are transmitted informally, usually originating in unknown soures

Dictatorship

A modern form of authoritarian governance in which power rests in a single individual

nation-state

A single people governed by a political authority

First Wave of Feminism

Right to vote (suffrage)

Fill in the blanks based on the graph above -Year: 2013 -Fourth quintile of income earners average annual income:__________ -95 percentile (top 5% of Income Earners) average annual income:__________

$80,000 , $320,000

The traditional nuclear family with the man as the breadwinner and the woman as caregiver constitutes _____ of U.S. households.

7%

Revolutionary Movement

Movements seeking to fundamentally alter the existing social, political and economic system with a vision of a new social order

Match the rights below to the correct category. Protection from injury by individuals or institutions

civil

Professionals—whose primary job is to ensure that legislation favorable to the organization they represent is passed, and legislation unfavorable to the organization is not passed—are known as ______.

lobbyists

Monogamy, polygamy, and polygyny are all forms of ______.

marriage

Charla believes that the Holocaust never happened and Jewish people are trying to control the world and promote themselves as victims; after hearing about the experiences of a concentration camp survivor first hand, her negative beliefs about Jewish people remain unchanged.

prejudice

Utopian Movements

Movements seeking to withdraw from the dominant society by creating their own ideal communities

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of socialism? -The government redistributes wealth the population through wages and services. -The government manages the economy in the interests of the workers. -Production is for private profit -The government owns hospitals and farms

Production is for private profit.

The functionalist theories of social change assume which of the following?

Social change occurs as societies become more complex creating specialized roles and institutions

Based on the video the Split Labor Market,the white workers blamed the Chinese for the economic problems even though... a. Chinese workers made up less than 1% of the population b. there was an economic recession c. there was a large wave of European immigrants coming in to the country d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true of Mexican Americans -Immigration of Mexican Americans has long reflected the labor needs of the US economy -During The Great Depression in the 1930's when work was hard to find, local governments forcibly sent hundreds of thousands of immigrants back to Mexico -When the US had a labor shortage during WWII, immigration was encouraged. -Most ethnic Mexicans in the US are legal residents -All of the above

all of the above

Watch this six minute episode of Adam Ruins Everything and answer the following question: Which of the following best defines redlining?

answer is NOT Banks would create a red line around those neighborhoods where they wanted to encourage racial integration

Ahmed was born into the middle class and has a college degree, a good paying job and owns a house in the suburbs. He often donates his time and service to advocate on behalf of the homeless. Ahmed is fighting for social change on behalf of a group he does not belong to. Sociologists refer to people who engage in this behavior as ________________________.

conscience constituents

Watch the video above and read the Chapter section on Weber. According Max Weber, how did early Protestant values impact Western society?

early Protestant values provided the cultural foundations for capitalism

Native Americans were driven from their homelands, under military arms, to march thousands of miles to areas designated by the government as Native American Reservations

expulsion

Social groups consisting of one or more parents, children, and other kin, often spanning several generations, living in the same household are ___________families. _____________families characterized by parents living with their biological children and apart from other kin.

extended, nuclear

The mass systematic destruction of people or a nation is the definition of

genocide

Dale joins a legal secretarial pool and is quickly promoted to an executive legal secretary position in spite of his limited experience.

glass escalator

Which of the following is NOT a feature of capitalism?

government management of the economy in the interests of workers

Neighborhoods where 40% or more of the households are living in poverty are defined as _______________________areas.

high poverty

A man decides to 'act tough' and confront a noisy group of people at a restaurant on a date.

idealization

This video discusses the recent opening of the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia on the campus of Ferris State University in Michigan. Led by the efforts of Dr. David Pilgrim, who began collecting symbols of racism during his childhood in Alabama, the museum serves not as a shrine to racism but to educate and provoke critical thinking among attendees about the mistreatment of African Americans. Now 9,000 pieces strong, the new museum has found a permanent home. The Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia features an exhibit of two water fountains labeled for separate use by whites and African Americans. The Jim Crow era policies are an example of ______ .

institutional discrimination

_______________ refers to the opportunities and obstacles a person encounters in education, social life and other areas critical to social mobility

life chances

In the United States, most children live in ______ families.

nuclear

In the United States, the majority of computer programmers, construction workers, and theoretical physicists are men, and the majority of school teachers, social workers, and nursing assistants are women. This phenomenon is known as ______.

occupational segregation

The term ______ refers to a substantial number of individuals who engage in organized, sustained activity in order to bring about some social change or to oppose some social change and who, to some degree, utilize noninstitutionalized forms of political action.

social movement

In the animated film, Mulan, female characters spoke _____ of the time.

23%

state

Governance by a political authority.

Which country has the highest score, or greatest gender equality on the map?

Iceland

Authoritarianism

A form of governance in which ordinary members of society are denied the right to participate in government and political power is exercised by and for the benefit of a small political elite.

country

A political organization with an underlying system of law, a government with complete and final authority over the people residing within its borders, and a divide between citizens and non-citizens.

Direct democracy

A political system in which all citizens fully participate in their own governance

Representative Democracy

A political system in which citizens elect representatives to govern them

Political power is the ability of a person or group to exercise influence on political institutions. Sociological analysis reveals that all social classes have the same amount of political power in the United States.

False

Which of the following best defines the term 'gender'?

Gender refers to the behavioral characteristics associated with being male or female in a given society

______ address(es) the cultural assumption that females not only will be but should be agreeable, nurturing, and cooperative.

Gender roles

This video discusses the recent opening of the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia on the campus of Ferris State University in Michigan. Led by the efforts of Dr. David Pilgrim, who began collecting symbols of racism during his childhood in Alabama, the museum serves not as a shrine to racism but to educate and provoke critical thinking among attendees about the mistreatment of African Americans. Now 9,000 pieces strong, the new museum has found a permanent home. The exhibits at the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia best showcase which of the following statements about minority groups.

Minorities are usually distinguished by (often exaggerated) physical or cultural attributes that make them recognizable to the dominant group

The term 'transgender' applies to which of the following? a.) a person who was assigned female at birth but identifies as a man b.) a person who was assigned male at birth but identifies as a woman c.) also includes transsexual, cross dresser, androgynous, genderqueer, bigender, third gender and gender non-conforming d.) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true? - female headed households are more likely than any other type of household to live in poverty areas where - - more than 20% of the households are in poverty more than one in four of the black poor and one in six of Hispanic poor live in areas of extreme poverty where 40% or more of the households are in poverty - One in thirteen white poor live in extreme poverty areas where 40% or more of the households are in poverty - all of the above

all of the above

Nations vary according to a.the ways they select or acquire leadership b.the degree of power that may be exercised by leaders c.the degree to which leaders exert control over citizens d.all of these

all of these

This video demonstrates how Seattle has created a housing system that is stratified by _______________________ and developing the city in a way that benefits_____________________.

income; wealthier citizens

A security service hires anyone with appropriate qualifications as long as they fit in the uniform. The smallest size uniform fits a person who is five feet, six inches. Very few women are hired as a result.

institutional discrimination

When we watch action movies' portrayal of scheming Italian Mafiosi, tough African American street gangs, and violent Asian gangsters or martial artists and then generalize those characteristics to all members of those groups

stereotype

This video examines the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. Residents had used water from the city that was contaminated with lead. Some residents, including Luke Waid, have filed lawsuits against the city. Mr. Waid's young daughter was sickened because of lead exposure. Residents of Flint complain that the city failed to protect them from the contaminated water. Mr. Waid's lawsuit against the government brings attention to

the responsibilities that the state has for its citizens

The United States and Russia have similar percentages (less than 1% difference) of individuals without a religious affiliation.

true

Let's say that you have accumulated the following wealth: -You have invested in stocks and bonds that are worth $20,000. -You also own a car that is worth $5,000.00 You have paid off your car and no longer owe any monthly payments. -You also purchased a house for the market value of $100,000 and you have paid $25,000 in equity (see p.174), This means that you owe the bank $75,000. Your total net worth would be

-$25,000

This question refers to the podcast above titled "How Racism May Cause Black Women to Suffer the Death of their Infants": A study discussed in the NPR podcast on race and health found found support for the hypothesis that discrimination faced by African American women in the United States caused problems with pregnancy. Which of the following best represents the findings of this study?

Babies of immigrant women from Africa were more like white babies (bigger, more likely to make it to full term), but many years later discovered the next generation of babies, born to those who grew up in the United States, were more like African American babies (smaller, more likely to be premature)

Which Theoretical perspective views social change as the result of irreconcilable conflicts between groups?

Conflict

______________theorists argue that the privileged classes benefit from inequality and that inequality inhibits the discovery of talented people rather than fostering it. _______________theorists argue that inequality exists and persists to motivate the best people to assume the most important occupational positions.

Conflict, Functionalist

Watch the video and read pp. 237-245 in the textbook and answer the questions below: Question 1: This video illustrates which of the following?

Joy's daughter was embarrassed and upset about the way her mother was treated

Research suggests that being poor in a poor neighborhood (where 20% or more of the households are living in poverty) has more negative social and economic consequences than being poor in an economically mixed neighborhood.

True

Which of the following countries has the lowest rate of access to the internet? Using the drop down menus match the rate of internet access with the country: United States: ________ Canada: __________ Iraq: ___________ Mexico: ___________ Egypt: ____________ Venezuela: __________ Nigeria: ___________

United States: 87.4% Canada: 92.5% Iraq: 9% Mexico: 49.2% Egypt: 53.2% Venezuela: 45% Nigeria: 39.7%

animism

the belief that naturally occurring phenomena, such as mountains and animals, are possessed of indwelling spirits with supernatural powers.

Multicultural Feminism

the belief that women must be understood for all women regardless of race, class, nationality, age, sexual orientation, physical abilities or other characteristics

Thinking about whether a country has a democratic or authoritarian political system, social scientists measure how "Free" a country is with respect to (1) political rights and (2) civil liberties. Many countries in Eastern Europe are rated as "partly free," but, which of the following Eastern European countries is rated as "free"? a. Albania b. Romania c. Belarus d. Ukraine

Romania

Legally recognized inhabitants of a country who bear the rights and responsibilities of citizenship as defined by the state defines...

a citizen

class

refers to a person's economic position in society which is associated with income, wealth and occupation

minorities

refers to less powerful groups who are dominated by a group and often discriminated against on the basis of characteristics deemed by the majority to be socially significant

Figure 9.1 Concentration of Whites, Blacks and Hispanics in 2010 (p.228). This map illustrates the level of __________________ in Chicago, Illinois.

segregation

Institutionalized discrimination is no longer found in the United States.

false

The United States is a direct democracy.

false

According to sociologists, social change encompasses small-group local changes and broad national changes.

true

Which of the following is true? - Families who experience household level poverty all share the same social and economic consequences regardless of neighborhood level poverty - A census report reveals that a growing number of Americans reside in poverty areas where 20% or more of the households are in poverty. - Female headed households are least likely to live in poverty areas - None of the above

A census report reveals that a growing number of Americans reside in poverty areas where 20% or more of the households are in poverty.

Match the following: -financial investments such as stocks and bonds Wealth or Income?

Wealth

In 1936, General Metaxas became Prime Minister of Greece and declared a state of emergency on August 4th, 1936 due to a supposed "communist danger". In response to this danger, he suspended Parliament and parts of the constitution that guaranteed civil liberty, declaring in an radio address to the people of Greece that he would hold "all the power I need for saving Greece from the catastrophes which threaten her." Additionally, Metaxas banned political parties, strikes and engaged in heavy media censorship. By this description, how would General Metaxas be best characterized?

a dictator

Ideally, status in class systems is understood to be based on _____________________characteristics like the amount of income you earn each year; In reality class status can be profoundly affected by _______________________ characteristics like race and gender.

achieved; ascribed

White Supremacists in the United States seek to remove the gains that people of color made with respect to civil rights over the past 100 years. This is an example of a _______________ movement.

reactionary

social category

people sharing common characteristics without interacting or identifying with one another

Which of the following are structural issues noted by Moynihan and Wilson to influence family formation? (Choose all that apply) -the legacy of slavery -Joblessness among men -beliefs that marriage no longer represents a meaningful relationship -minimal stigma against unmarried parenthood

-the legacy of slavery -Joblessness among men

Which theorist explained that religion functions to strengthen community solidarity and embody the community itself?

Emile Durkheim

In female-typed occupations, such as nursing and early childhood education, women typically earn more than their male counterparts.

False

Fertility rates in more developed countries is ______________ than less developed countries, and the infant mortality rate in more developed countries is _____________ than less developed countries.

NOT higher, higher

Why are sociologists interested in race?

People treat "race" as if it is meaningful; thus, it is socially significant.

Match the organization with the sector in which it belongs. McDonald's

Private sector

Among challenges to poor neighborhoods is that individual households with enough resources choose to leave. This results in A. less circulating capital and increasing withdrawal of businesses B. fewer employed residents and weaker social and economic networks C. less empty buildings D. all of the above E. a and b only

a and b only

Children in disadvantaged families are more likely than their better off peers to have poor physical and mental health. Which of the following have been identified as causes of this inequality? a. lack of health insurance b. lack of safe places to exercise, reducing their access to physical activity c. lack of access to healthy food d. all of the above

all of the above

Mauritus, a small island in the Indian Ocean, several ethnic groups live side by side respecting each others' culture

cultural pluralism

Sam lives in San Francisco but chooses not to take the time necessary to participate in the city's recycling program. Since he still benefits from a cleaner city despite taking no action of his own, Sam is a part of what social movement scholars call

the free-rider problem

Susie's great grandparents came to the United States in the late 1920's from Germany. Susie only speaks English and knows very little about German cultural traditions, food or language.

Assimilation

The United States is going through social changes that include the rise of cell phone use and a decrease in the desire to drive a car (among young people). These changes in society lead to new types of jobs surrounding the way people get from one place to another. Examples include Uber, Lyft and online grocery delivery services. New technologies, such as cell phone apps, are needed to utilize these services. Institutions facilitate these changes by creating specialized roles to meet the demands of the new economy. For example, colleges create new "digital design" majors to train people to design the technologies needed for the new economy. This exemplifies _________________________, illustrating how the creation of specialized roles and institutions facilitate social change.

differentiation

In the preindustrial period, the mother as "bread baker"—who stayed at home and cared for the children—and father as "breadwinner"—who supported the family by working outside the home—was more common for middle-class families than working-class families.

true

Go to this link and read the article and play the video: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ratko-mladic-the-butcher-of-bosnia-guilty-of-genocide-in-last-balkan-war-crimes-trial/2017/11/22/8b60f108-cef8-11e7-a87b-47f14b73162a_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.187df90c899a Which of the following is true based on the video and news article? -Ratko Mladic a Serbian commander was found guilty as a member of various criminal enterprises of genocide, persecution a crime against humanity, unlawful attacks against civilians, and taking of hostages a violation of customs of war -The atrocities included sniper attacks, indiscriminate shelling, mass executions, and imprisonment in camps where people died of malnourishment and disease. -His crimes occurred between 1992-1995 and claimed the lives of approximately 100,000 people Mladic was an ultranationalist Serb who wanted to ethnically cleanse the region of Croats and Muslim Turks -All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true about Edin and Kefalas' findings in their research on low-income White, Black and Puerto Rican single mothers? (Choose all that apply) -They highly valued marriage. -They viewed motherhood as a central achievement. -They viewed motherhood as the gateway into a troubled life. -They did not consider the men in their lives to be good partners.

-They highly valued marriage. -They viewed motherhood as a central achievement. -They did not consider the men in their lives to be good partners.

Which of the following suggests that only a relatively small group of people from the upper-class influence social institutions and government decision making?

Class dominance theory

Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of people single and living alone?

Germany

According to your textbook, one of the most significant reasons for the rise of inequality in the United States was the shift to low wage service sector jobs

True

A school day in the life of 14-year-old student Maria Arias, who lives in the slums of Caracas, Venezuela, will not be a full day of coursework because... -worsening economic conditions in this once oil-rich country, classrooms now don't employ teachers for a full day -classrooms are dark from poor infrastructure conditions -school lunches are rarely provided, so students may go hungry -all of the above

all of the above

UC-Berkeley Professor Nezar Al-Sayyad, of the Center for Middle East Studies, discusses the role of social media in political protest. Sites such as Facebook and Twitter, Al-Sayyad notes, allow political dissidents to organize and protest without a key leader. In addition, these sites allow relatives to connect with loved ones in areas of civil unrest. Still, Al-Sayyad notes, we should be hesitant to give social media sole credit. He states that it is the people on the ground in these areas who are working to illicit change, and Facebook is merely a common medium of communication. This video illustrates how citizens, who were trying to garner support for the Arab Spring, used social media as a platform to encourage __________________________.

collective behavior

Eloise, a social worker who helps political refugees from Somalia get settled into their new homes in the United States, believes that it is important for immigrants to be free to preserve their native culture. She maintains that a heterogeneous society, one where multiple languages are spoken and a variety of beliefs coexist, is a vibrant and creative society. Eloise advocates ______.

cultural pluralism

Through empirical research, cultural pluralism has been definitively proven to produce greater social cohesion and harmony than assimilation.

false

Unlike more traditional cultures, in the U.S., families do not pass along their social statuses to their children.

false

Impoverished urban and rural neighborhoods characterized by poor access to _______________and affordable food are known as food desserts. The textbook describes Jesse Caldwell who regularly takes a ______________________________.

healthy; one hour bus ride to get fresh vegetables and meat

In the video, John Kerry states that: a) internet access is key to economic development b) access to television is key to economic development c) transnational corporations are key to economic development d) American values are key to economic development

internet access is key to economic development

Which of the following dynamics of a capitalist economy does your text suggest may be driving the disregard for dangerous food processing conditions in the past and present, such as: treating contaminated poultry carcasses with chemicals leading to respiratory problems and skin rashes; and leaving meat piled up with leaky roof water dripping on it and rats running over top of it?

making profit relies on driving down costs of production

Since 1978, the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration in La Crosse, WI have been praying nonstop, day and night for the sick, troubled, and stressed-out. Prayer requests are received from all over the world by phone, fax, and now the Internet. At least 2 people pray together at all times, but with dwindling numbers the nuns have asked for community volunteers such as Donna Brenden to help pray in one-hour shifts.If Karl Marx was here today studying the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration and their ritual of perpetual prayer, he might conclude all the following EXCEPT

perpetual prayer helps them understand true oppression in the world.

In the early 1900's many large metropolitan areas used rail service as their mode of transportation. Throughout the twentieth century, people began using their cars and the railroads sat empty in these large cities. Today, many large cities have too many cars on the road resulting extreme traffic congestion on the highways. To reduce the traffic problems, these cities are now looking to re-use some of the infrastructure from the old rail systems to build new light rail systems. The return to rail as a means of transportation illustrates which of the following ideas about social change?

rise-and-fall theories of social change

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a class society?

the social levels are closed, individuals remain at the social level they were born into throughout their life

Fill in the blanks based on the graph above -Year: 1970 -Fourth quintile of income earners average annual income:__________ -95 percentile (top 5% of Income Earners) average annual income:__________

$60,000 , $170,000

In 2016, the state of California had approximately 14 million registered voters. Let's say 6 million Californians voted for candidate X, while 6.5 million Californians voted for candidate Y. The remaining registered voters either did not show up to vote or voted for a third party candidate. Based on these results, candidate X gets____________electoral votes and candidate Y gets____________ electoral votes.

0; 55

Based on the video the Split Labor Market, who benefits from the competition for wages?

capitalists

The graph from your textbook above, reveals that

In 1962, the amount of wealth owned by the top 0.1% of owners was the same as the amount of wealth the bottom 90% of wealth owners in the United States

Of the following, which country has the lowest score, or highest gender inequality, on the map?

India

the manager of an apartment complex intentionally does not to rent to someone based on their skin color

Individual discrimination

Which three countries have gender gap scores above .75?

Norway, Finland, France

Which of the following countries has the lowest percentage of people cohabitating?

Poland

Rational-Legal Authority

President of the United States, CEO of a corporation

______ refers to the relative honor or esteem attached to a social position.

Status

Based on the video the Split Labor Market, Dennis Kearney formed the __________________ a group that promoted the Chinese exclusionary act.

WPC-Working Man's Party of California

The display of flags bearing confederate imagery is a contentious issue across the South. In Alabama, the governor removed confederate flags from capitol grounds. The issue is unsettled in South Carolina. Bipartisan support for changing the state flag in Mississippi echoes the controversy in Georgia in 2003, where state officials adopted a new state flag. Seen by detractors as a symbol of aggression and hate against African Americans, some white Southerners insist the confederate imagery in the flag represents an important piece of Southern history. While symbols of the confederacy remain a contentious issue, which of the following is NOT true about the status of whites overall in the United States?

Whites, on the whole, face more stigma.

In 2017, there were almost 66 million refugees and internally displaced people due to civil wars and ethnic violence

expulsion

Because the nation has a central leader—the president—the United States is classified as a dictatorship

false

In most capitalist societies, the government does not play a role in the economy.

false

According to your textbook: Lobbyist are paid professionals whose job it is to influence legislation. Lobbyists commonly maintain offices in Washington, D.C. and state capitals...Lobbying is especially intense when an industry or other interest group stands to gain or lose a great deal if proposed legislation is enacted (p.395). Based on the data above, how much did the top three industries combined (Pharmaceuticals, Insurance and Electronics Manufacturing) spend on lobbying to influence legisation in 2017?

$586.47 million

Select the option(s) that represent problems in operating a Socialist system. (Select all that apply.) -Achievement of a high degree of economic equality. -Inefficiency and waste occurred in enterprises that were rewarded for the amount of raw material consumed, rather than the amount of output produced. -Low wages and low productivity. -Workers hired without any meaningful work to do in their positions.

-Inefficiency and waste occurred in enterprises that were rewarded for the amount of raw material consumed, rather than the amount of output produced. -Low wages and low productivity. -Workers hired without any meaningful work to do in their positions.

Since 1991, the proportion of women enrolled in college has been greater than the proportion of men. Which of the following reasons have researchers provided as an explanations for the college enrollment gap between men and women. There is more than one correct answer (select all that apply): -More men than women leave high school before graduating. -Men are less intelligent than women. -Women perceive college as bringing greater returns. -Colleges are more reluctant to accept male applicants. -Men are more likely to leave college without graduating.

-More men than women leave high school before graduating. -Women perceive college as bringing greater returns. -Men are more likely to leave college without graduating.

One aspect of the gender wage gap is occupational segregation by gender. Nearly 40% of women are employed in "traditionally female" occupations, and about 44% of men work in "traditionally male" occupations (Hegewisch & Liepmann, 2012). From the list below, select all occupations that are the most common occupations for women: (Select all that apply.) -software developers -sales representatives, Wholesale manufacturing -cashiers -construction Labor -registered Nurses -nursing and Psychiatric home health aides -fist line supervisor retail -customer service representatives

-cashiers -registered Nurses -nursing and Psychiatric home health aides -fist line supervisor retail -customer service representatives

During High School, girls outperform boys on which of the following academic measures? There is more than one correct answer, select all that apply. -enrolling in AP courses -achieving academic honors -finishing in the top 10% of the clas -graduating -SAT scores

-enrolling in AP courses -achieving academic honors -finishing in the top 10% of the class -graduating

How many electoral votes does a candidate need to win the presidential election?

270

Title IX was legislation passed in 1972 that insures equality between the sexes in education. Based on the video watched in the previous question, which of the following is true about the debate over the Obama administration's directive to recognize gender identity ? a) The Alliance Defending Freedom argues gender identity should not be included under Title IX and the issue should be sent to congress to review b) The National Association of Secondary School Principals argue that transgendered teens deserve these legal protections provided under Title IX c) all of the above d) none of the above

??? Answer is NOT B or D

According to the article "Life Expectancies Vary Widely Across Franklin County" (from previous question), which of the following are factors associated with lower life expectancy ? - race and ethnicity - poverty - neighborhood environment - genetic factors - access to benefits to seniors (age 65 and over) - all of the above

all of the above

In what ways do parents in the United States teach their children about what is "appropriate" and "inappropriate" with respect to gender? all of these the toys and books they give to their children the ties they cultivate with their children the names they give children

all of these

In its "pure" or "ideal" form, ______ is an economic system shaped by market rather than government forces, and ownership of the means of producing goods is private. Owners purchase labor from workers, and their objective is to sell a good or service for less than the cost of production.

capitalism

A ______ marriage is limited to two people, whereas a ______ marriage consists of more than two people.

monogamous; polygamous

Both race and ethnicity are ______ defined categories.

socially

Women and men preferring particular occupations refers to labor __________ factors whereas the needs and preferences of the employer refers to labor __________ factors.

supply; demand

When looking at the rise and fall of societies, Max Weber argued that irrational elements such as ___________________can alter a society's trajectory of social change.

charismatic authority

Third Wave Feminism

gendered violence, reproductive rights and the idea that any choice is valid such valuing stay at home motherhood as well as working mothers,

____________includes total wealth excluding personal assets that aren't liquid, whereas ___________ refers to the value of everything a person owns minus debt. ____________doesn't include assets, but refers to earnings that stem from a job or investments

net financial assets, wealth, income

What is the fastest growing religious category in the United States?

Unaffiliated

Since 1978, the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration in La Crosse, WI have been praying nonstop, day and night for the sick, troubled, and stressed-out. Prayer requests are received from all over the world by phone, fax, and now the Internet. At least 2 people pray together at all times, but with dwindling numbers the nuns have asked for community volunteers such as Donna Brenden to help pray in one-hour shifts. Sociologists analyze the relationship between society and religion and the role that religion plays in people's lives. Sociologists have pointed out that religion as an institution has all these following elements except

religion has a set of abstractions to help its members understand everyday life

Collective behavior

voluntary, goal oriented action that occurs in relatively disorganized situations in which society's predominant norms and values cease to govern individual behavior

According to a UNESCO study, ____________ of all children under 5 are stunted which means their growth progression is impaired by a lack of access to adequate nutrition.

25%

According to the video, roughly___________% of the homeless do have jobs.

40%

Which of the following statements are true according to the data on the Global Gender Gap Index map? Select all that apply; there is more than one correct answer

Germany has greater gender equality than the United States.

Thinking about whether a country has a democratic or authoritarian political system, social scientists measure how "Free" a country is with respect to (1) political rights and (2) civil liberties. Which of the following countries in Africa is rated as the most free? a. Egypt b. Tunisia c. Gabon d. Morocco

Tunisia

In the video, John Kerry states that: a) Recent statistics indicate that out of every 5 people in the world, 3 remain without internet access b) In the poorest countries those without access to basic technology is 95%. c) a and b d) none of the above

a and b

When we rank income earners by quintiles (five categories each consisting of 20% of the population), we find that: -the lowest 20% earn 3% of the income in the US -the wealthiest 20% earn 51% of the income in the US -The top two quintiles (top 40%) earn 59% of all of the income -all of the above

all of the above

Which is true of white ethnics? a. Catholic Irish, Italians and Jews were an ethnic minority b. the term "paddy" wagon was a derogatory term for the Irish describing the police van that picked up the unruly drunks c. Over time, these white ethnic groups assimilated into American life d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are negative consequences that minority groups suffer from segregation?

all of the above

Those credited with establishing sociology as an area of inquiry—Comte, Durkheim, and Parsons—were not only aware of but also focused on correcting gender inequalities.

false

Sportswear for Muslim girls and women is on the rise. In Minneapolis, MN the Muslim girls on the basketball team found playing to their best ability a challenge. Working alongside the University of Minnesota, the girls designed and created active wear that would allow them to focus on athletic skills rather than their dress. Muslim student Zubida Chafee declares: "We actually focus on the basketball instead of our scarves." The video reminds the viewer of the controversy Muslim girls and women may face in professional and recreational sports. In 2015, Qatar's women's basketball team had to forfeit at an international match because they were not allowed to wear the hijab, prompting a growing market for active wear for Muslim girls and women.After parents, one of the most influential agents of gender socialization is

peers

Charismatic Authority

Moses, Jesus Christ, the Prophet Muhammad, and Buddha

Reactionary Movements

Movements seeking to restore an earlier social system - based on a mythical past- along with traditional norms and values that once presumably accompanied it

Asian Americans have the highest median income of any minority group. Sociological data shows that a. recent immigrants from Asian countries, like Cuban American immigrants of 1959, come from higher socio-economic status and bring valuable resources and human capital with them b. In Asian American communities, informal community based lending organizations provide capital for business, family and friends c. those immigrants from poorer South East Asian countries are more likely to struggle with poverty d. all of the above

all of the above

Before answering this question read the one page article on standpoint theory: Feminist Standpoint Theory and the.pdf This article identifies which of the following?

all of the above

This chart shows us the differences in infant mortality, fertility and undernourishment around the world. What sociological factors account for these difference in developed and less developed countries? -fertility rates are high in regions where families choose to have more children because early childhood survival is threatened by disease, poverty and hunger -fertility rates are high in regions where families in less developed countries need more children to contribute to the economic well-being of the family -Infant mortality rates are low in regions that offer safe pre-natal care and sanitary child birth facilities as well as good nutrition during pregnancy -all of the above

all of the above

Soup has been reinvented as an alternative to obtain the perceived health benefits of juicing. A five to seven-day diet of only soups is claimed to detoxify the body while providing all the needed vitamins and minerals in a convenient form. Proponents believe that souping is more effective because the fiber and proteins help keep hunger at bay. Sarah Mirkin, a registered dietician, states that the benefits of souping may be exaggerated, since the body has natural means to detoxify itself. Still, soups and juices do contain antioxidants and phytochemicals that benefit the body by stopping the production of free-radicals, which can help prevent chronic illness. In the end, the video suggests that although souping may not be the magical cure for disease or weight gain, eating vegetables and fruits is hardly a bad thing for people to do. The intense attraction to souping, as discussed in the video, can be best described as a

craze

The small Maine town of Lewiston has become home to more than 5,000 Somali refugees. Migrating to leave war and civil unrest in Somalia, the refugees seek a new start in the United States. While locals were unsure of the Somalis' arrival—fearing the immigrants would not fit in and require welfare assistance—migrants found employment or started businesses. Today the Somalis play a major role in the revitalization of Lewiston. High school teacher Mike McGraw was reported as telling his students, who are children of Somali migrants residing in Lewiston, Maine ". . . not to lose their culture, not to lose the things that made their family heritage important . . ." McGraw's statements echo the importance of ______, the coexistence of different racial and ethnic groups characterized by the acceptance of one another's differences.

cultural pluralism

_____ of frequent players of video games do not think women are portrayed poorly in most games.

35%

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of the metrics the U.S. government uses to gauge poverty?

Because family size is not considered when calculating how much money a family needs to live, the poverty line is invalid.

secularization

The rise in worldly thinking, particularly as seen in the rise of science, technology, and rational thought, and a simultaneous decline in the influence of religion.

For many years, Catholics and Protestants in Ireland defined one another as separate races.

True

The Human Genome Project found genetically all human beings are nearly identical and less than .01% of the total gene pool contributes to the racial differences

True

Question 1: When the Chinese came here in the 1880's they primarily worked in the____________ industries. a) railraod b) fishing c) agricultural d) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true about perceptions of wealth in America? - Americans ideal about inequality does not match the reality of wealth inequality - the wealthiest 1% own 40% of all wealth , while the bottom 80% own 7% of the wealth - both Democrats and Republican both agreed on an ideal vision of what the wealth distribution should be - the wealthiest 1% own half (50%) of the stocks, bonds and mutual funds, while the bottom 50% own 0.5% of these investments - all of the above

all of the above

The small Maine town of Lewiston has become home to more than 5,000 Somali refugees. Migrating to leave war and civil unrest in Somalia, the refugees seek a new start in the United States. While locals were unsure of the Somalis' arrival—fearing the immigrants would not fit in and require welfare assistance—migrants found employment or started businesses. Today the Somalis play a major role in the revitalization of Lewiston. Sociologist Louis Wirth remarked that minority groups share particular traits. According to this theory, which of the following traits are shared by the Somali migrants who moved to Lewiston, Maine?

answer is NOT Membership in the minority group conditions the treatment of group members by others in society. Somali migrants were treated, at least initially, as a category of others regardless of their individual merits or personalities.

Over the past 100 years, approximately what percent of the eligible voters turn out to vote in the US during Presidential elections?

between 50%-65%

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, an agency of the U.S. government, was concerned about the lending practices of BancorpSouth; they suspected that racial and ethnic minorities were being given less favorable treatment than whites. To test their suspicions, they sent a number of undercover investigators in to apply for home loans. They found that requests for financing to purchase homes in predominately white neighborhoods were granted more often than requests for funds to purchase homes in areas where most residents belonged to a racial or ethnic minority group, even when the applicants were similarly qualified. They also found that whites received more favorable loan terms—specifically, lower interest rates—than African Americans with comparable work and credit histories. The pattern was found to be too widespread and systematic to be the work of particular loan officers. Which term best captures what was taking place at BancorpSouth?

institutionalized discrimination

In 1963, Betty Freidan's book "The Feminine Mystique" helped initiate the second wave of the women's rights movement. Which of the following best reflects the argument she makes in her book?

rigid stereotypes of femininity distorted women's real life experiences and contributed to their unhappiness

wealth

the value of everything a person owns minus what they owe

______ assert that when people come together in substantial numbers—as at a sporting event, protest, or festival—they may encourage one another toward actions—whether peaceful or violent—that they would not engage in ordinarily and on their own. As people unwittingly copy the behaviors of those around them—from singing to looting—behaviors are spread through the crowd.

.Contagion theories

During which type of society did status inequalities between men and women emerge more prominently?

???? Answer is NOT hunting and gathering society or horticultural society

Click on this link, scroll down and watch the video: http://endgenocide.org/learn/what-is-genocide/ According to this video, -Dr. Lemkin created the word Genocide from the Greek word "genos" which means race or group and the Latin word "cide" or "cidere" meaning to kill -Dr. Lemkin became a leading force at the convention of the International Punishment of Genocide where the United Nations General Assembly unanimously approved laws to punish acts of genocide on December 9, 1948 -Dr. Lempkin became interested in this phenomenon because it has occurred so many times, he cited Armenian genocide (in Turkey) and Hitler's genocide during WWII -All of the above

all of the above

The small Maine town of Lewiston has become home to more than 5,000 Somali refugees. Migrating to leave war and civil unrest in Somalia, the refugees seek a new start in the United States. While locals were unsure of the Somalis' arrival—fearing the immigrants would not fit in and require welfare assistance—migrants found employment or started businesses. Today the Somalis play a major role in the revitalization of Lewiston.Linda is a grocery store cashier in Lewiston, Maine. A family of Somali migrants approach her register. She politely scans their items and collects the money. After the family leave the store, she remarks to a coworker, "All the Somalis are lazy and on welfare. I don't like them." Linda's beliefs about Somali migrants is an example of ______.

prejudice

Based on the graph above, select all that are correct below (there is more than one answer): -Among men of the lowest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is less than 75 years of age -Among men of the highest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is greater than 95 years of age -Among women of the lowest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is less than 80 year of age -Among women of the highest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is greater than 85 years of age

-Among men of the lowest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is less than 75 years of age -Among women of the lowest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is less than 80 year of age -Among women of the highest Household (HH) income percentile, the life expectancy is greater than 85 years of age

What explains the Gender Wage Gap within the same occupations? There is more than one correct answer, select all that apply: -many employees do not know what their colleagues earn -in some occupations, men and women concentrate in different specialties, with men tending to occupy the most lucrative sectors. For instance, male physicians are more likely than females to specialize in cardiology, which pays better than areas where women tend to concentrate, such as pediatrics and obstetrics -persistence of the wage gap lies in how jobs are structured and remunerated: Many women are economically disadvantaged by their need or desire for flexibility in work hours. Women may work a comparable number of hours to men, but they are less likely to work odd hours or be willing or able to be available at any hour. Some writers have described this as a "caregiving penalty" -In Christina Williams 1995 study, she found that bosses often presumed that the men wanted to move up—for example, a teacher was assumed to want an administrative position, or a nurse was assumed to want to be a head nurse. Many of the men were put on promotional tracks even when they were ambivalent about leaving positions in which they felt satisfied

-many employees do not know what their colleagues earn -in some occupations, men and women concentrate in different specialties, with men tending to occupy the most lucrative sectors. For instance, male physicians are more likely than females to specialize in cardiology, which pays better than areas where women tend to concentrate, such as pediatrics and obstetrics -persistence of the wage gap lies in how jobs are structured and remunerated: Many women are economically disadvantaged by their need or desire for flexibility in work hours. Women may work a comparable number of hours to men, but they are less likely to work odd hours or be willing or able to be available at any hour. Some writers have described this as a "caregiving penalty" -In Christina Williams 1995 study, she found that bosses often presumed that the men wanted to move up—for example, a teacher was assumed to want an administrative position, or a nurse was assumed to want to be a head nurse. Many of the men were put on promotional tracks even when they were ambivalent about leaving positions in which they felt satisfied

In Manhattan, fast food workers went on strike in 2013 to protest for raising the minimum wage. You can read more about this story at https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/30/206714894/fast-food-strikers-demand-a-living-wage . A strike is an example of people joining together in collective behavior to create social change. Neil Smelser's "Value Added" theory, attempts to explain why people engage in collective behavior such as protests and strikes. Smelser identifies several factors that make it conducive for people to participate in activities such as strikes. Which of the following are factors he identifies in his theory? -Structural conduciveness (structures favor the emergence of collective behavior) -Structural strain exists as a result of the system break down -Generalized beliefs are shared explanations of the conditions that are troubling people -All of the above

all of the above

The Cuban Americans who fled to this country in 1959 to escape Fidel Castro were a. anti-communist b. middle class c. have enjoyed economic and political success in Florida d. all of the above

all of the above

The textbook cites the following told by one women: Guddi was only 11 years old when her family was persuaded by a neighbour to send her to the city of Mumbai hundreds of miles away from her poverty-stricken village in the eastern state of West Bengal. They promised her a well-paid job as a housemaid to help feed her family. Instead, she ended up at one of Asia's largest red light districts to become a sex worker. Trafficked by her neighbour, she arrived at a brothel. She was raped by a customer and spent the next three months in hospital. Guddi's sad and harrowing story is similar to many of the estimated 20,000 sex workers in Kamathipura, established over 150 years ago during colonial rule as one of Mumbai's "comfort zones" for British soldiers. (para. 1-5). According to your textbook the size of the sex trade in developing nations is rooted in which of the following factors?

all of the above

Which of the following is true about social change? -It is all encompassing -refers to global and national level transformation such as outsourcing jobs -refers to small group local changes such as a night club changing its policy against admitting women or minorities -All of the above

all of the above

The white supremacist Afrikaner Resistance Movement (Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, or AWB)was created to establish a new nation that would preserve white rule in South Africa. What kind of movement is AWB?

reactionary

The textbook discusses the work of Chalk and Jonassohn (1990) who discuss why groups pursue genocide, these reasons include (select all that apply-there is more than one correct answer): -eliminate a real or perceived threat -spread fear among enemies -to realize an ideological goal -to protect minority groups from persecution

-eliminate a real or perceived threat -spread fear among enemies -to realize an ideological goal

The map above shows the average life expectancy of people living in each zip code in Franklin County (as reported in 2015). Click on the link to read the story behind this map from the Columbus Dispatch: Life expectancies vary widely within Franklin County.pdf and answer the question below: Depending on where you live in Franklin County, the average life expectancy can vary by as much as

20 years

Many countries in Europe had a relatively small percentage of respondents who say religion is important in their lives. Which of the following countries, however, had the highest percentage?

Germany

In the early 2000's banks disproportionately lent money to racial and ethnic minorities at a subprime (higher) rate than they did for whites. This policy resulted in a higher rate of foreclosures on homes in African American communities

Institutionalized discrimination

Which of the following best describes functionalist's Kingsley Davis and Wilbur Moore's explanation for stratification and inequality in society?

Stratification and Inequality are necessary because the reward of money, prestige and leisure motivates people to work hard to develop expertise of skills that are needed in society

Which of the following was the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Elections Committee (2010)?

The government cannot restrict the amount of monetary expenditures that organizations give to political campaigns through Political Action Committees citing the first amendment.

Class systems of stratification provide opportunity for open mobility.

True

Figure 07.1 from your textbook above illustrates the class system in the United States. Which of the following characterize the working poor? a) work in manual labor, food service and retail b) earn below the median household income c) breadwinners education beyond high school is limited or non-existent d) all of the above

all of the above

In New York's "Chinatown," most residents are of Chinese descent. On the streets and in the homes and businesses, Mandarin and Cantonese are often spoken. Stores stock foods, reading materials, pharmaceuticals, and other goods that are common to mainland China. Chinatown is not the only example of an ethnic enclave in the United States. In Dallas, Texas, one area neighborhood is known as "Little Mexico"—most signs are printed in Spanish, and menudo, a spicy stew made of cow stomach, is a restaurant menu staple. And in Miami, Florida, "Little Havana" is a community where Cuban culture is strong. When compiling a guide to cultures found in the United States, one could make a long list of areas like these. Which concept best describes this cultural landscape?

cultural pluralism

For much of the 20th century, it was standard to smile when having one's picture taken. But in the past few years, a number of people have foregone the smile and opted instead for what's known in popular culture as "the duck face." The expression, intended to emphasize the lips and cheekbones, is made by pursing the mouth and sucking in the cheeks. Whether the practice will endure remains to be seen. Based on this description, "the duck face" can best be categorized as a ______.

fad

According to the Religious Economy perspective, competition through the existence of of a multitude of religions causes religious attendance to decline.

false

The concept of genocide as a crime is a new phenomenon because in ancient times Greeks, Romans, Assyrians, Mongols never engaged in such activities.

false

To be considered a religion by sociologists, there must be a belief in one or more supernatural deities

false

In the video above, Joy DeGruy tells the story of...

how her sister in law used her white privilege to shed light on racism in America

Ann, a server at a restaurant, believes that Arab American customers are picky and don't tip. When she is assigned to wait on a table that she believes to be occupied by Arab Americans, she puts forth less effort than she would otherwise. "I don't even bother to ask if they're enjoying their food because I know what the answer will be, and I know that, regardless of what I do, I'm not going to get a good tip," she tells a coworker. Ann's actions toward customers she believes to be Arab American are best classified as ______.

individual discrimination

Which of the following best characterizes the Pluralist Theory of power in the United States?

interest groups serve the function of insuring that everyones perspectives (values, norms, and interests) are represented in government.

Based on the video the Split Labor Market, the Chinese were characterized as

leading depraved lifestyles, violent and addicted to drugs

More and more young people aged 18-34 are living at home with their parents than in any previous decade. The Pew Research Center states that "older millennials"— those aged 25-34—have reached the highest point ever recorded. Even as the economy improves and millennials move into the workforce they find themselves living with at least one parent. While the rate of marriage is expected to fall by 2016 to its lowest level, there are other ways to form families. All the following are other types of family formations widely practiced in the United States except

polygamous families.

Liberal feminism

the belief that women's inequality is primarily the result of imperfect institutions, which can be corrected by reforms that do not fundamentally alter society itself

Radical feminism

the belief that women's inequality underlies all other forms of inequality

According to Karl Marx, social change occurs through conflict over __________________; according to Antonio Gramsci, social change occurs through the conflict over _________________ . .

the means of productions, ideology

Extremely wealthy and often anonymous individuals can make unlimited contributions to support political candidates through Political Action Committees.

true

In the United States, the National Rifle Association and United Farm Workers of America are examples of interest groups.

true

The number of electors representing each state is determined every 10 years with the US census. After each census, it is determined whether a state gains, loses or keeps the same number of electors.

true

When the United States experienced a labor shortage during World War II, the government encouraged Mexicans to immigrate to the United States.

true

The hippie communes of the 1960's thought they were creating communities that had solved the problems created by generations before them. The hippies thought they had figured out how people could live without conflict and oppression. This is an example of a _________________ movement.

utopian

Rank the age group according to their agreement that it is very important that a couple marries if they plan to spend their lives together. (The age group with the highest percentage should be ranked as 1 and the lowest should be ranked as 4.) 18 to 29 65 and over 50 - 64

3 1 2

The display of flags bearing confederate imagery is a contentious issue across the South. In Alabama, the governor removed confederate flags from capitol grounds. The issue is unsettled in South Carolina. Bipartisan support for changing the state flag in Mississippi echoes the controversy in Georgia in 2003, where state officials adopted a new state flag. Seen by detractors as a symbol of aggression and hate against African Americans, some white Southerners insist the confederate imagery in the flag represents an important piece of Southern history. Mississippi state Senator Kenny Wayne Jones stated his disapproval for flying the Confederate flag, stating, "And as an African American, we start seeing that symbol over and over again for acts of violence, acts of bigotry, acts of racial hatred. . ." In his view, the flag is a reminder of ______, discrimination enshrined in law, public policy, or common practice.

institutional discrimination

We are introduced to Hunter, a transgender student, who is thrilled about President Obama's directive to let transgender students use locker rooms based on their gender identity. Hunter is also a plaintiff in a lawsuit against North Carolina's House Bill 2 that requires people to use restrooms that correspond with their sex at birth. HB 2 would leave students such as Hunter without gender validation. Other states such as Texas have also refused to follow the directive. President Obama's directive does not have any legal requirements that make it difficult to enforce.Sociologists who study gender point out that the opponents of North Carolina's "bathroom bill" is most likely the result of all the following except

pressure by opponents that children and adults conform to nontraditional gender roles.

ethnicity

refers to characteristics of groups associated with national origins - languages, and cultural and religious practices

Which of the following did Durkheim consider sociological functions of religion? (Select all that apply) -Brings community together. -Strengthens a connection to God. -Reaffirms norms and values -Strengthens social bonds.

-Brings community together. -Reaffirms norms and values -Strengthens social bonds.

Which of the following statements are true about gender and media? (Select all that apply.) -Male characters are overrepresented in video games. -Women in the music industry are portrayed in hypersexualized ways. -There are more male cartoon characters than female cartoon characters. -The average child in the United States spends 3 to 4 hours in front of the TV per day. -Male and female characters in sitcoms demonstrated greater amounts of cooperation than other gender groupings. -In cartoons, male characters were depicted as increasingly "cute" with exaggerated, disproportionate eyes in comparison with female characters.

NOT -Male characters are overrepresented in video games. -Women in the music industry are portrayed in hypersexualized ways. -There are more male cartoon characters than female cartoon characters -In cartoons, male characters were depicted as increasingly "cute" with exaggerated, disproportionate eyes in comparison with female characters.

Select the characteristics that nearly all stratification systems share. (Select all characteristics that apply. You may choose more than one.) -People are ranked in a hierarchy according to personal characteristics. -People's opportunities and experiences are shaped by the amount of effort they put into their work and their outlook on life. -The positioning of social categories tend to change slowly. -People's opportunities and experiences are shaped by how their social categories are ranked. -The positioning of social categories tend to change quickly. -People are ranked in a hierarchy according to common characteristics.

NOT -People's opportunities and experiences are shaped by the amount of effort they put into their work and their outlook on life. -The positioning of social categories tend to change slowly. -People are ranked in a hierarchy according to common characteristics.

Racially discriminatory policies and practices including limitations on Black access to mortgages or to homes in White neighborhoods made them more vulnerable than their white counterparts to becoming trapped in poor neighborhoods

True

After watching the video above, answer the question: Given that Flint is an economically depressed area and the majority of residents are racial minorities, how might a someone who views word from the conflict perspetive interpret the government's careless response to the reports of lead poisoning?

a small concentrated group of elite or upper class people dominate and influence decisions made by the state

achieved status

a social position linked to an individual's acquisition of socially valued skills

Which of the following did Herbert Gans identify as functions that poverty serves in society? - Ensures there will be low wage laborers - Creates jobs for people who help the poor (i.e.,social workers), protect society from those poor who violate the law (prison guards) , profit from the poor (cheap grocery stores and motels) and study the poor (sociologists) - provides a market for those goods that would otherwise go unused (day old bread, second rate doctors and lawyers, etc..) - Serve as scapegoats for society's problems - all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is mentioned in this news video clip? a) Hunter is a plaintiff in a lawsuit against North Carolina's House Bill 2 that requires people to use restrooms that correspond with their sex at birth b) President Obama's administration put out a directive that clarified the expectations for all schools receiving federal funding to allow individuals to use restrooms that match their gender identity c) The Lt. Governor of Texas said that he was willing to forfeit $10 billion in federal funding rather than comply with the Obama administration's directive d) all of the above

all of the above

To meet the demands of dual-income families, new strategies are needed to solve what is referred to as "work and life balance." New York based start-up Quirky has instituted a policy it calls "blackout"—no work e-mails or calls for everyone during multiple times in a year so all employees can take time off simultaneously. During these "blackout" periods, working parents such as Shirin Majid spend time with her toddler. Major companies such as Volkswagen and Goldman Sachs have similar strategies to keep their employees "clear thinking," "creative," and "objective." Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild conducted research at a well-known Fortune 500 company that had several "family friendly" policies. She was surprised by her findings because her data suggested all the following to be true of the women she interviewed except

almost all the women cut back on their work time.

In late August of 2016, a number of people gathered in a Spanish bullfighting arena where, for nearly half an hour, they watched and cheered as a baby bull was tortured and then killed. In sociological terms, this incident is best categorized as ______.

collective behavior

Max Weber wrote that the tenets of Protestantism—thrift, hard work, sobriety, and an ability to defer gratification—were critical for the development and economic growth seen during ________.

early capitalism

Because ties are based on affection and descent, and relationships are informal, the family cannot be considered a social institution.

false

In the United States, marriage patterns have remained unchanged for the past century.

false

Minority groups are groups that have less people than majority groups.

false

The reality of class systems is that one's social class position is not affected by race, gender or religion.

false

Xavier takes paternity leave when his daughter is born.

indirect labor costs

Which of the following are the principle sources of wealth that allow the rich to secure their position in the economic hierarchy through reinvestment and accumulate still more wealth?

net financial assets

Which of the following refers to the rise in worldly thinking (particularly in the rise of science, technology and rational thought) and the simultaneous decline in the influence of religion?

secularization

The ______ is the mean number of children a female in a particular country will have over the course of her life, provided that age-specific fertility rates hold during her fertile years.

total fertility rate

For most of human history, states relied on ______.

traditional authority

Political Action Committees (PACs) are organizations created by groups such as corporations, unions, environmentalists and other interest groups for the purposes of gathering money and contributing to political candidates who favor the groups' interests.

true

The electoral college is comprised of a group of people (electors) appointed by each state who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States.

true

Which of the following best describes the US system of voting for the President and Congress?

winner take all system