Ch 6 quiz

Skeletal muscle is also called

voluntary muscle

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

warms and humidifies inhaled air

Negative-pressure breathing involves

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

brain stem

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except: -digestion. -breathing. -breath holding. -vessel dilation.

breath holding

The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in

constriction of blood vessels

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the

cricoid cartilage

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

dermis

The ____________ is a muscular dome that separates the thorax from the abdomen

diaphragm

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called

diastole

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves

midsagittal

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is

heat

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

hydrostatic

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the

ilium, ischium, pubis

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n)

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the

myocardium

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which of the following types of shock would this condition cause?

obstructive

Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

pancreatic juice

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:

perfusion

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges

Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

pituitary

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to the ___________ section of the spinal column.

thoracic

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

tunica media

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause

vascular constriction and tachycardia.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents

ventricular contraction

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21%, 16%

Together, the right and left lungs contain ____________ lobes.

5

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system

6 L

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae

7

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

Calcium

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:

Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Metabolic coordination

The nose, chin, umbilicus (navel), and spine are examples of ___________ anatomic structures

Midline

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium

Orbit

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct? -The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. -The heart can tolerate an interruption of oxygen for five minutes. -The heart receives its blood supply from the pulmonary arteries. -The heart relies on an external electrical source to function correctly.

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system

Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

Thyroid

Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct: -A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle. -Smooth muscle is found exclusively within blood vessels. -The biceps and quadriceps are examples of smooth muscle. -Smooth muscle is under control of the voluntary nervous system.

a person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except

a reduction in tidal volume

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum

Bleeding is normally stopped by:

activation of platelets

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the

alveoli

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

are located behind the abdominal cavity

Both areas of the pons are used to

augment respiration's during emotional or physical stress

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

beta 1 receptors

Contraction of the right ventricle causes

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include

carbon dioxide and water

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

cerebellum

The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."

cerebrum

The areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

The three bones that make up the shoulder girdle are the:

clavicle, scapula, humerus

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the

dorsalis pedis

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

endocrine

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

Which of the following are central pulses?

femoral and carotid

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

What is the function of platelets?

initial formation of a blood clot

The diaphragm is unique because it

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

Which of the following organs is not part of the digestive system?

kidney

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

kidneys

The vocal cords are located in the

larynx

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

liver

The most superior section of the sternum is called the

manubrium

Which of the following is not a facial bone? Mastoid Maxilla Mandible Zygoma

mastoid

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the

medial malleolus

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct? -Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients. -Approximately 45% of the blood is composed of plasma. -Plasma has no role in the body's blood-clotting mechanism. -Most of the body's plasma is contained within the large veins.

plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by

protecting the body from infection

Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?

pulmonary

Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio? -Pulmonary edema -Airway obstruction -Pulmonary embolism -Slow, shallow breathing

pulmonary embolism

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the

pulmonary veins

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna

The primary function of the right atrium is to

receive blood from the vena cava

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the

residual volume

How does respiration differ from ventilation

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the

reticular activating system (RAS)

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right side cerebrum

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis

sacrum

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

seesaw respirations

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

sensory

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?

skeletal system

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

slow heart rate

The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:

small intestine

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

somatic nervous system

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

spleen

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by

stroke volume and heart rate

Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

subcutaneous

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? -The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance. -Both kidneys are located in the anterior abdominal cavity and lie in between the liver and the spleen. -Because the kidneys require little oxygen, only 5% of the body's blood volume passes through them each minute. -A series of small blood vessels attach the kidneys directly to the superior vena cava and renal arteries.

the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

the medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm

The carpal bones form the

wrist

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the

xiphoid process