Ch 6 quiz
Skeletal muscle is also called
voluntary muscle
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
Negative-pressure breathing involves
a drop in pressure within the chest cavity
Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?
anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
aorta
All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?
brain stem
The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except: -digestion. -breathing. -breath holding. -vessel dilation.
breath holding
The descending aorta branches into the:
common iliac arteries
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in
constriction of blood vessels
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:
contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange
The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the
cricoid cartilage
Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?
dermis
The ____________ is a muscular dome that separates the thorax from the abdomen
diaphragm
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called
diastole
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves
midsagittal
The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:
greater trochanter
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is
heat
The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.
hinge
___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.
hydrostatic
The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
hypoxic drive
The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the
ilium, ischium, pubis
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n)
increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF
If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
minute volume is decreased
The muscle tissue of the heart is called the
myocardium
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which of the following types of shock would this condition cause?
obstructive
Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.
occipital
The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:
pancreatic juice
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
patella
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:
perfusion
The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:
phalanges
Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's
pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved
Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?
pituitary
Twelve pairs of ribs attach to the ___________ section of the spinal column.
thoracic
The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:
tunica media
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
ureters
In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause
vascular constriction and tachycardia.
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents
ventricular contraction
At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:
100 beats/min
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
21%, 16%
Together, the right and left lungs contain ____________ lobes.
5
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system
6 L
The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae
7
During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.
70 to 80 mL
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
To transport a mature egg to the uterus
Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?
Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.
A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:
Calcium
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:
Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
Metabolic coordination
The nose, chin, umbilicus (navel), and spine are examples of ___________ anatomic structures
Midline
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium
Orbit
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct? -The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. -The heart can tolerate an interruption of oxygen for five minutes. -The heart receives its blood supply from the pulmonary arteries. -The heart relies on an external electrical source to function correctly.
The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system
Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:
Thyroid
Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct: -A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle. -Smooth muscle is found exclusively within blood vessels. -The biceps and quadriceps are examples of smooth muscle. -Smooth muscle is under control of the voluntary nervous system.
a person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle
Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except
a reduction in tidal volume
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
acetabulum
Bleeding is normally stopped by:
activation of platelets
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the
alveoli
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:
are located behind the abdominal cavity
Both areas of the pons are used to
augment respiration's during emotional or physical stress
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
beta 1 receptors
Contraction of the right ventricle causes
blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation
The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:
capillaries
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include
carbon dioxide and water
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?
cerebellum
The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."
cerebrum
The areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
The three bones that make up the shoulder girdle are the:
clavicle, scapula, humerus
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
coccyx
Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
disease
The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the
dorsalis pedis
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?
endocrine
The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:
epiglottis
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
Which of the following are central pulses?
femoral and carotid
The atlas is the:
first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
foramen magnum
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
gallbladder
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
inferior vena cava
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
inhalation
What is the function of platelets?
initial formation of a blood clot
The diaphragm is unique because it
is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.
Which of the following organs is not part of the digestive system?
kidney
Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?
kidneys
The vocal cords are located in the
larynx
The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
liver
The most superior section of the sternum is called the
manubrium
Which of the following is not a facial bone? Mastoid Maxilla Mandible Zygoma
mastoid
The distal aspect of the tibia forms the
medial malleolus
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct? -Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients. -Approximately 45% of the blood is composed of plasma. -Plasma has no role in the body's blood-clotting mechanism. -Most of the body's plasma is contained within the large veins.
plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients
White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by
protecting the body from infection
Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?
pulmonary
Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio? -Pulmonary edema -Airway obstruction -Pulmonary embolism -Slow, shallow breathing
pulmonary embolism
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the
pulmonary veins
The bones of the forearm are called the:
radius and ulna
The primary function of the right atrium is to
receive blood from the vena cava
The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the
residual volume
How does respiration differ from ventilation
respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment
Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement
Your ability to remain awake is a function of the
reticular activating system (RAS)
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
right side cerebrum
The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis
sacrum
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
scapula
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?
seesaw respirations
Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?
sensory
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which of the following structures does not contain smooth muscle?
skeletal system
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:
slow heart rate
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
small intestine
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:
somatic nervous system
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?
spleen
Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:
spleen
Cardiac output (CO) is affected by
stroke volume and heart rate
Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?
subcutaneous
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:
the cells function with adequate oxygen
Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct? -The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance. -Both kidneys are located in the anterior abdominal cavity and lie in between the liver and the spleen. -Because the kidneys require little oxygen, only 5% of the body's blood volume passes through them each minute. -A series of small blood vessels attach the kidneys directly to the superior vena cava and renal arteries.
the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt
Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?
the medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm
The carpal bones form the
wrist
The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the
xiphoid process
