SOC 150 Final Study Guide

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by this father of sociology:

Auguste Comte

Which of the following sociologists is best known for his use of the "sociological imagination" and asks people to look beneath everyday events to the resources/inequalities present in society.

C. Wright Mills

Which of the following is a function of deviance as noted by Emile Durkheim?

Deviance clarifies rules

Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance. Which of the following statements would be the focus of the lecture?

Deviance is a normal element of social organization

The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was:

Emile Durkheim

In which of the countries below did sociology as a formal discipline appear first?

France

An early female sociologist is identified in the text as:

Harriet Martineau

which of the following early sociologist had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach?

Karl Max

Using conflict perspective the prime targets for deviant labeling include

People who do not conform to the rules of capitalism

Prostitution is widely regarded as which of the following types of crime?

Public Order Crime

Which of the following best represents an instrumental task?

Reminding workers of an approaching deadline

What US sociologist made a distinction between the manifest functions and latent functions of social patterns?

Robert Merton

The text identifies the first African American sociologist in the United States as:

W.E.B. DuBois

Symbolic-interaction perspectives in sociology views society as:

a grouping of symbols that allow people to drive meaning from social encounters

The textbook describes primary deviance as

an initial act of rule breaking

What term does Marx use in regard to the people who own the means of production in a capitalistic society?

bourgeoisie

Violent crimes include ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

burglary

What is the definition of the term anomie?

chaos

Which of the following concepts refers to behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions?

crime

To render an offender incapable of offending again (permanently) is called

death penalty

Which of the following concepts refers to any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs?

deviance

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

deviance is defined by social processes which people come to accept that they are deviant

According to the conflict perspective, what society labels as deviant is based primarily on

differences in power between various categories of people

Which theory of deviance states that people have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with individuals who are deviant?

differential associations theory

Which two approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad terms?

functional and social conflict

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity, order, and stability is the:

functional approach

To seek to reduce crime by installing a fear of punishment is called

general deterrence

Post-Modern theories indicated that society is:

harmed by rapid social change, globalization, and technology

To lock someone up and "throw away the key" (so to speak) or put them in prison in which form of punishment?

incapacitation

Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance uses which of the following concepts to refer to the process of seeing conventional goals but rejecting conventional means to achieve them, like a person who sells illegal drugs and makes lots of money?

innovation

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a student who purchases an "A" research paper off the internet?

innovator

Mike reports the theft of his bicycle from the front year of his house. The police would record this as which of the following types of crime?

larceny

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called:

latent functions

What are the two dimensions of positivism?

methodological and social/political

Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social positions in the course of their jobs on behalf of the organizations they work for?

occupational/corporate crime

What term does Marx use in regard to the people who work for the capitalists in a capitalistic society?

proletariat

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system, for example a government overthrown by radicals?

rebel

A judge sentence a young man who has committed several crimes to counseling and places him in a supportive foster home. Which of the following concepts describes these efforts to prevent further wrongdoing?

rehabilitation

Tertiary deviance is deviance that occurs when a person who has been labeled as deviant seeks to normalize the behavior and

relabels the event as nondeviant

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them, for example an alcoholic or drug addict?

retrestist

The oldest justification for punishing an offender considers that the punishment should fit the crime and is called

retribution

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a person who compulsively sticks to the rules so that they completely undermine the goal, for example a emergency room receptionist who will not allow a bleeding patient to go to a room until s/he sees a medical insurance card?

ritualist

What term do sociologists use to describe the frequent changes that occur within social institutions?

social dynamics

Social structure sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences?

social dysfunction

Which term in sociologists use to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?

social statics

The framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change is the:

social-conflict approach

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society and social interaction"?

sociology

Which of the following is NOT one of the sub-types of Conflict theory?

spiritual

In sociology, what is George Simmel known for studying?

the small groups of dyad and triad

Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the US are resolved:

through plea bargaining