Soc Exam

A

According to G. H. Mead, what component af the self is the repository of cultural standards? A) me B) I C) moral self D) conscience

A

According to your textbook, which of the following scholars is often called the first woman sociologist? A) Harriet Martineau B) Mary Mills C) Mary Wollstonecraft D) Marianne Weber

A

Despite equality in the workplace, 44 percent of men and 46 percent of women polled in a national survey agreed with the statement that what women want is a home and children ad that a job is secondary to that A) true B) false

D

Negatively assessing a person and labelling the person as undescribable based on visible characteristics that distinguish them from others is characteristic of which of the following? A) punishment B) sanctioning C) public agreement D) stigmatizing

A

People occupy a status, but they perform a role A) True B) False

D

People's expectations concerning a mother's behaviour defines which of the following? A) her norms B) her authority C) her status D) her role

A

Sociologists studying conjugal violence among heterosexual couples have identified certain factors that are predictors for varying levels of wife abuse. Which of the following is most likely to result in lower levels of wife abuse? A) class similarity between spouses B) gender equality between the spouses C) age similarity between spouses D) ethnic similarity between spouses

B

Stanley Milgram's experiments on the authoritarian personality teach us which of the following? A) We are free to walk away from an authority structure with no penalty B) We are inclined to obey those in power C) We will remain in the grip of an authority structure for the rest of our lives D) Authority structures have little to no effect on our choices

B

Talcott Parsons characterized the essence of femininity as nurturance and sensitivity to others. What term did he use to describe these traits? A) mothering traits B) expressive traits C) familial traits D) idealistic traits

B

The functionalist analysis of how people achieve positions in the social system can be compared to a foot race in which those who win earn their positions based on their skills and talents. What is a basic problem with this analysis of placement in the stratification system? A) The participants are not equally talented so not all of them can win B) The race isn't fair because some people's advantages make the race easier for them C) Social positions are not all equally valuable to society D) Social positions are not all equally difficult to achieve

B

What did Durkheim call the religious or transcendent world? A) ritualistic indifference B) the sacred C) the collective conscience D) collective effervescence

B

What did Emile Durkheim's study of suicide demonstrate? A) Suicide rates are strongly influenced by psychological disorders B) Suicide rates are strongly influenced by social forces C) Suicide rates decrease with advancing age D) Suicide rates are tied to patterns of imitation

A

What is Marx' term for workers' growing awareness that they belong to the same exploited group? A) class-consciousness B) proletarian identification C) bourgeois identification D) revolutionary readiness

A

What is the term for society's main socializing institutions, which include family, peers, and schools? A) agents of socialization B) social modifiers C) socializers D) social chance agents

D

What is the term for the people that an individual evaluates his/her situation or conduct against? A) a model group B) a primary group C) an ideal group D) a reference group

A

What is the term used in dramaturgical analysis for public settings that require the use of props, set gesture, and memorized lines? A) front stage B) onstage C) backstage D) offstage

A

What relationship does the sociological imagination allow people to understand? A) the relationship between social structures and private troubles B) the relationship between self-development and society C) the relationship between politics and religion D) the relationship between drive and instinct

B

What social position is determined by birth status? A) a normative status B) a ascribed status C) a master status D) a role status

B

What sociological theory stresses the stability of social relations and social organization? A) conflict theory B) functionalism C) symbolic interactionism D) feminism

B

What type of culture involves an eclectic mix of elements from different times and places, an erosion of authority, and a decline of consensus around core values? A) antimodern B) postmodern C) modern D) premodern

D

When people behave according to widely shared expectations about how males or females are supposed to act, which of the following have they adopted? A) their sex B) their gender identity C) their gender D) their gender role

C

When people enter military boot camp they are expected to radically change themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally. This is an example of which of the following kinds of socialization? A) self-socialization B) anticipatory socialization C) resocialization D) secondary socialization

B

When your mother tells you not to talk with your mouth full, she is communicating as: A) social sanction B) norm C) value D) more

B

Whether an act is considered deviant or criminal depends not only on the perceived harmfulness of the act, but also on which of the following? A) whether the deviance was committed by a person of the upper class B) the degree of public agreement that the act is deviant C) whether there was police surveillance of the deviant behaviour D) whether humor was intended in the deviance

B

Which of the following best describes the sociological explanation of deviance and crime? A) Certain acts are the result of the lack of moral conscience B) Certain acts are socially identified and defined as deviant or criminal C) Certain acts are deemed socially tolerable, although deviant or illegal, within a society D) Certain acts are a result of family breakdown among the working class

B

Which of the following describes patterns of income inequality in Canada since the 1980s? A) Income inequality had increased in the Western provinces B) Income inequality increased across the country C) Income inequality decreased in B.C. and Ontario, but has increased in the other provinces D) Income inequality has decreased in the Maritimes

A

Which of the following disciplines is characterized as the systematic study of human behaviour in social content? A) sociology B) psychology C) geography D) political science

C

Which of the following do folkways specify? A) social inhibitions B) social requirements C) social preferences D) social abstractions

A

Which of the following do functionalist contend? A) that stratification is inevitable B) that stratification is less evident in caste societies C) that stratification can be permanently overcome D) that stratification is a modern phenomenon

D

Which of the following groups believes that apparently natural or innate features of life, such as gender, are actually sustained by social processes that vary historically and culturally? A) functionalists B) conflict theories C) ethnomethodologists D) social constructionists

D

Which of the following involves people in one country gaining virtually complete control over other people in the same country, and seeking to destroy their culture? A) internal colonialism B) expulsion C) domination D) colonialism

C

Which of the following is an example of a violation of a folkway? A) a person having sexual relations with a sibling B) a person shaking their head in disapproval at someone C) a man walking topless in public D) a police officer issuing a speeding ticket

B

Which of the following is consistent with a person's gender? A) hormones, chromosomes, and physiology B) culturally appropriate behaviours and attitudes C) sexual desires and behaviours D) self-definiton

A

Which of the following is consistent with a person's sex? A) hormones, chromosomes, and physiology B) culturally appropriate behaviour and attitudes C) sexual desires and behaviours D) self-definition

B

Which of the following is the term for a recognized social position that an individual can occupy? A) role model B) status C) peer group D) social stratum

D

Which of the following is true of all the major world religions? A) They have promoted gender inequality B) They have promoted gender equality, but have practiced age discrimination C) They have been gender-neutral D) They have placed woman in subordinate positions

A

Which of the following movements embodied the idea of understanding society on the basis of evidence rather than speculation? A) the Scientific Revolution B) the Demographic revolution C) the Democratic Revolution D) the Industrial Revolution

D

Which of the following phrases did John Porter, one of the founders of Canadian sociology, use to describe Canada's ethnically and racially stratified society? A) an apartheid system B) a zero mobility system C) a caste system D) a vertical mosaic

A

Which of the following terms is described as the behaviour expected of a person occupying a particular position in society? A) role B) norm C) status set D) folkway

A

Which of the following theoretical approaches adopts an existentialist viewpoint in claiming that traditional gender roles help to integrate society? A) functionalists B) conflict theorists C) feminists D) symbolic interactionists

A

Which of the following theoretical perspectives emphasizes that social life is possible only because people attach meanings to things? A) symbolic interactionism B) dramaturgical analysis C) conflict theory D) functionalism

A

Which of the following theorist argued that economic inequality between the working class and the privileged class is the dominant force in society? A) Karl Marx B) Talcott Parsons C) Max Weber D) Robert Merton

D

Which social scientist developed the concept of the "looking-glass self"? A) Carol Gilligan B) Lawrence Kohlberg C) George Herbert Mead D) Charles Harton Cooley

B

Which sociologist is famous for the statement 'Situations we define as real become real in their consequences" ? A) George Herbert Mead B) W.I. Thomas C) Erving Goffman D) Emile Durkheim

D

Which symbolic internationist described social interaction in his theory of dramaturgical analysis? A) George Herbert Mead B) Talcott Parson C) Max Weber D) Erving Goffman

A

Which theory states that society need to create incentives so the most talented people are motivated to train for the most important jobs? A) functionalist theory B) Marxist theory C) Weberian theory D) conflict theory

D

Which thinker coined the term "sociology" in 1838? A) Harriet Martineau B) Max Weber C) Emile Durkheim D) Auguste Comte

D

Why is it extremely difficult to distinguish groups on the basis of so-called race? A) There is only one global genetic individual B) Genetic differences are now too plentiful to count C) Social conditions have become similar for everyone D) A high degree of intermixing has taken place

D

Every culture has a set of shared ides that guide the behaviour of its member by specifying what goals to pursue. What is this set of ideas called? A) attitudes B) beliefs C) norms D) values

A

In most societies, marriage has traditionally been based on which of the following? A) economic benefits and political advantage B) love C) the nurturing of children D) the emotional well-being of partners

B

Mary and Steve are married and have children. She does domestic work in their home while he works at an office. Which of the following types of family are they? A) a nuclear family B) a traditional nuclear family C) a postmodern family D) a global nuclear family

A

Our houses, the cell phones we use to stay in touch with each other, and the clothes we wear are examples of which form of culture? A) material B) formal C) manifest D) popular

D

Scholars who see gender differences as a reflection of naturally evolved, biological dispositions are approaching gender from which theoretical positions? A) functionalism B) symbolic interactionism C) social constructionism D) essentialism

A

The concept _________________ refers to group members containing multiple generations and prone to perform altruistic acts as part of their division of labour. A) eusociality B) humanity C) survival of the fittest D) bureaucracy

A

The secularization thesis is that religious institutions, actions, and consciousness, although not likely to disappear, are on the decline. A) true B) false

C

The way of life by a group is called its: A) social interaction B) social structure C) culture D) ideology

C

Which of the following sociologists said that religion is the "opium of the people"? A) Parsons B) Durkheim C) Marx D) Weber

A

A family in an important example of which of the following? A) a primary group B) a social category C) a secondary group D) a status category

B

According to Durkheim, what is the main effect of rituals, and of religion as a whole? A) ritualization of the profane B) reinforcement of a social solidarity C) creation of a collective unconscious D) establishment of the primary of the collective unconscious

A

According to Durkheim, when people transcend or rise above their everyday lives and experience the sharing of vales with some larger collective, which of the following are they in touch with? A) the collective conscience B) the transcendental conscience C) the collective unconscious D) the transcendental profane

A

According to Friedrich Engels, the traditional nuclear family emerged as a result of which of the following? A) the development of private property and inequalities of wealth B) the development of communist societies C) the development of hunting and gathering societies D) the development of romantic love as a basis for marriage

C

According to Gilligan's research on the development of self-image, which of the following gives rise to self-image differences in boys and girls? A) the influence of fathers, who determine moral development B) the individual moral choices of a person C) the different cultural standards passed on to boys and girls D) the different organizations of each person's community

B

According to Weber, which of the following best defines rationalization? A) using the least expensive means to get a job done B) the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals C) the justification for a perceived act of deviance D) the justification for a self-indulgent act

C

According to Weber, which of the following occurred where the Protestant ethic took root and where economic conditions were favourable? A) socialism became more popular B) religious revivals swept the scene C) early capitalism grew robustly D) churches proliferated in urban areas

B

According to functionalist theories, what do social structures contribute to when they fit together? A) the sociological B) social stability C) societal change D) social ideals

C

According to functionalists, which of the following is the most important function of family? A) emotional support B) sexual regulation C) socialization D) economic cooperation

B

According to research, when do children develop a complete sense of gender identity? A) between the ages of one and two years B) between the ages of two and three years C) between the ages of two and five years D) between the ages of four and six years

D

According to sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists, what are existing behaviour patterns designed to do? A) organize genetic research B) maximize genetic variation C) define social pathology D) ensure the survival of the species

B

According to symbolic interactionist theories, the key factor driving social change in society is the struggle between different social groups for power and dominance A) true B) false

B

According to the United Nations, the richest 1 percent of the world's population earns as much income as what percentage of people at the bottom of the global stratification system? A) 70 B) 57 C) 32 D) 18

D

According to the criminologist John Hagen, a woman working full-time as a sex trade worker would be considered what type of deviant behaviour? A) social diversion B) consensus crime C) social deviation D) conflict crime

D

According to the discussion of the "wild boy of Aveyron" in the text, which of the following happens to people who were not socialized as children? A) They become overly violent B) They grow up dependent upon political figures for leadership C) They have intense personal relationships as adults D) They freedom to realize their human potential is not realized

C

According to the lectures, the biological process through which our genetic characteristic interact with the social environment around us, and are modified over time is known as: A) evolution B) eusociality C) epigenesis D) functionalism

D

According to the sociologist Robert K. Merton, an individual who follows the same cultural goals as the rest of us, but uses illegal means to achieve those goals, i an example of which type? A) retreatist B) rebel C) conformist D) innovator

B

According to the text, which of the is true of people who put a high value on a mobility, career, and leisure pursuits? A) They are more likely to have only one child B) They are more likely to choose not to have children C) They are more likely to have high expectations that their children will show initiative and ambition D) They are more likely to establish themselves before having children

B

According to the textbook, martial stability has come to depend on having a happy marriage rather than just a useful marriage. What reason lies behind this social development? A) Local marriage markets have become more heterogeneous B) Woman have become more autonomous C) Parental influence on children has increased D) The marriage market has become more competitive

A

According to the textbook, why do sociologists believe that "race matters"? A) because it allows social inequality to be created and maintained B) because it is a good way to organize social experiences C) because people have an innate need to see differences D) because it has been proven to indicate significant genetic differences among people

B

After divorce, what is the most common economic outcome for the former husband and wife? A) The husband's income declines and the wife's increases B) The husband's income increases and the wife's declines C) The wife's income declines and then rise, while the husband's rises and then declines D) The wife's income rises and then declines, while the husband's declines and then rises

A

At various points in history, people of Irish, Jewish, and southern Italian descent were referred to as "black". What does this demonstrate? A) that racial distinctions are social constructs B) that racial distinctions are not arbitrary C) that race as a concept has no social significance D) that racial distinctions are tied to ethnic categories

C

Feminist and conflict theorists say that the functionalist account of religion ignores which of the following facts? A) Religion loses meaning for many devoted followers B) Religion becomes dominant in government and educational institutions C) Religion often reinforces social inequality D) Religion becomes too dogmatic

B

For Weber, who or what led the social changes that prompted the development of capitalism? A) the merchant republics of Italy B) John Calvin, leader of what became known as the Protestant ethic C) Catholic France during the renaissance D) Karl Marx, when he wrote the Communist Manifesto

D

Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney was born the son of a working-class electrician. Mulroney went on to become a very successful lawyer, and eventually leader of the Progressive Conservative Party and them Prime Minister of Canada. His life story is an example of which of the following? A) functional necessity B) class consciousness C) stratification D) upward mobility

C

How to Robinson Crusoe, Swept Away, and Titanic all illustrate issues of social inequality? A) They develop a functionalist account of class differences B) They provide a symbolic interactionist account of inequality C) They illustrate patterns of a social relations that underlie and shape inequality D) They illustrate the necessity and the inevitability of social stratification

D

In Weber's opinion, the development of rationalization was exemplified by the growth of which of the following institutions? A) modern labour unions B) modern corporations C) modern armies D) modern bureaucracies

D

In a famous speech, American Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King said that Canada was known as the North Star by African Americans seeking to escape slavery. Escaped slaves organized a secret network of safe houses and tunnels which allowed the runway slaves to eventually find their way to Canada, which had outlawed slavery. Canada was the North Star because Canada was to the North. What was the name of this secret network? A) the magic tunnel B) the North channel C) the freedom highway D) the underground railroad

D

In the absence of pressure or encouragement, what happens when preschool boys are presented with a simple choice between playing with a tool set or a dish set? A) They chose the tool set more often than the dish set B) They almost always chose the tool set C) They almost never choose the tool set D) They are about as likely to choose one as the other

D

In the immediate post-World War II period in Canada, employment and personal income reached an all-time high, as did home ownership. Which of the following was one significant consequence of these trends? A) an increase in divorce rates B) a marriage avoidance reaction C) egalitarianism in marriage D) a marriage boom

A

Many students from poor and racial-minority families reject the hidden curriculum in schools. According to the textbook, what do they tend to do? A) They are skeptical of the ability of schools to open job opportunities or other paths of achievement for them B) They are hostile toward other poor groups, whom they view as competitors for scarce resources C) They are generally receptive to alternative classes that stream them into class-appropriate job opportunities D) They work harder and faster that other students to overcome the disadvantages they have