SOC final part 5

T/F: According to the text, toys and games prepare children through anticipatory socialization for future gender roles.

True

T/F: Based off the video "The House I Live In", the Federal Government created a Federal Housing Act that provided loans to average Americans for them to purchase houses with while paying 10% or 20% upfront.

True

T/F: Gender gaps in educational attainment are narrowing worldwide.

True

T/F: Hispanics are currently the largest minority ethnic group in the United States.

True

T/F: In the United States, women are using the Internet to reinforce their private lives, and men are using the Internet to engage in the public sphere.

True

T/F: Mary is fired for wearing skirts that are too short to conform to her office dress code. This is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.

True

T/F: Side-effect discrimination is a form of unintentional discrimination.

True

T/F: The fact that the only female in a boardroom is almost always expected to make coffee, even if she is a high-level executive, is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.

True

T/F: There is no clear biological or genetic difference between different racial groups.

True

Which term is used to describe a specific form of subjugation which separates minorities from the dominant group and deprives them of access to the dominant institutions? A. Assimilation B. Segregation C. Slavery D. Pluralism

B. Segregation

Which of the following economic systems involves state-based planning and control of property? A. market systems B. centralized systems C. open systems D. non-Western systems

B. centralized systems

Which of the following types of authority is held by an individual with extraordinary personal characteristics? A. traditional authority B. charismatic authority C. rational-legal authority D. irrational authority

B. charismatic authority

When Mary, the owner of a large apartment complex, was deciding whom to rent an open apartment to, she immediately disregarded the application of 84-year-old Millie because Mary does not rent apartments to old women. Mary's treatment of Millie is best described as ______. A. scapegoating B. discrimination C. unintentional discrimination D. institutional racial discrimination

B. discrimination

Robert's parents strongly want him to marry another Mormon, preferably from their own congregation. His family is practicing ______. A. exogamy B. endogamy C. homogamy D. arranged marriage

B. endogamy

A type of marriage in which a wife has more than one husband is called ______. A. polygyny B. polyandry C. polyamorous D. none of these

B. polyandry

Josh works as a computer software designer in a large society in which most individuals are highly educated or have specialized, technical skills. Josh most likely lives in a(n) ______. A. industrial society B. postindustrial society C. agricultural society D. hunting-and-gathering society

B. postindustrial society

______ refer to new approaches that have developed to deal with some of the dysfunctions of bureaucracy. A. Alternative organization structures B. Informal institutions C. Secondary groups D. Informal structures

A. Alternative organization structures

Based on the work that has been done in Africa, how could the United States improve political representation among women? A. Encourage proportional representation. B. Become a more patriarchal culture. C. End all quota and affirmative action systems. D Discourage women from applying for lower-level offices.

A. Encourage proportional representation.

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance? A. Individuals are not labeled "deviant" unless they commit secondary deviance. B. Individuals do not begin to take on a deviant identity until they commit primary deviance. C. Primary deviance is the violation of a norm, but secondary deviance is a violation of a law. D. Secondary deviance is always a less serious form of deviance.

A. Individuals are not labeled "deviant" unless they commit secondary deviance

Which of the following is most common in societies in which nuclear families are the predominant family form? A. Individuals live in urban areas. B. Larger families are more practical. C. Equality between the sexes is relatively low. D. All members work in the family business.

A. Individuals live in urban areas.

Which of the following is a example of a soft science? A. Psychology B. Biology C. Chemistry D. Physics

A. Psychology

Which type of research uses field observation? A. Qualitative B. Quantitative

A. Qualitative

All of the following are main assumptions of stratification EXCEPT this: A. Wealth is the most important resource B. People are divided into ranked categories. C. There is an unequal distribution of desired resources. D. Each society determines what it considers to be valued resources.

A. Wealth is the most important resource

The violation of social norms is called ______. A. deviance B. stigma C. recidivism D. crime

A. deviance

Comedians like Dave Chappelle, who use their art to make satirical commentary about race relations in the United States, use which of the following strategies of minority groups to deal with discrimination and prejudice? A. indirect aggression B. direct aggression C. indirect assimilation D. direct assimilation

A. indirect aggression

Jim Crow laws in mid-1900s America are examples of ______ discrimination. A. intentional B. unintentional C. race-blind D. side-effect

A. intentional

Which of the following is most common in the United States? A. serial monogamy B. strict monogamy C. polygyny D. polyandry

A. serial monogamy

Ethnic groups are based on all of the following EXCEPT this: A. skin color B. language C. foods D. customs

A. skin color

According to Durkheim's discussion of suicide, anomic suicide refers to A. suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear norms and guidelines for social behavior B. suicide caused by feeling little social bond to the group or society C. suicide caused by such a strong bond and group obligation that the individual is willing to die for the group D. suicide caused by depression due to downward mobility

A. suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear norms and guidelines for social behavior

In the 2012 presidential election, a higher percentage than normal of eligible U.S. voters turned out: ______. A. 70% B. 58.7% C. 50% D. 40%

B. 58.7%

In class, we discussed two windows of opportunity, which, if neglected children pass, they will never develop social skills. What is the end approximate age for each of these two windows? First window, second window A. 6, 10 B. 6, 13 C. 11, 13 D. 2, 11 E. 2, 6

B. 6, 13

Which of the following is the stage in Mead's stages of development where role taking increases to multiple roles? A. Play Stage B. Game Stage C. Cognitive Stage D. Preparatory Stage

B. Game Stage

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of poverty? A. Higher BMI B. Higher educational performance C. Behavioral issues D. Chronic stress

B. Higher educational performance

Which of the following best describes the observed relationship between religion and social class? A. Religious beliefs are more strongly affiliated with geographic location than social class in the United States. B. Lower-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions. C. Upper-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions. D. Social stratification in the United States is not seen in observable religious differences.

B. Lower-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions.

Scientific knowledge must be based on ________. A. General sense of how the world works and beliefs B. Measurable phenomena C. Commonly accepted ideas D. The understanding of others

B. Measurable phenomena

Jason is writing a paper on social stratification. The basic argument of his paper is that the job of "college professor" is extremely important to the creation of knowledge and production of culture. Due to this importance, college professors deserve a pay increase to attract the smartest and most capable individuals to fill this important role. Jason is arguing the ______ theory of stratification. A. feminist B. structural-functional C. conflict D. evolution

B. structural-functional

The following statement about immigration in the U.S. is false: A. About 13% of the current population is born outside the U.S. B. Among the Black population, the foreign born have tripled in number since 1980. C. About 40% of the current population is born outside the U.S. D. Today, 8.7% of the U.S. Black population is foreign born, and about half are from the Caribbean.

C. About 40% of the current population is born outside the U.S.

Who is LESS likely to be living in poverty? A. Women B. Children under the age of 18 C. The elderly

C. The elderly

______ refers to the perceptions we have of who we are. A. Socialization B. Interaction C. The social self D. Role taking

C. The social self

According to Max Weber, governments are given legitimate power when A. they are able to oppress all opposition to their rule B. other countries recognize their power as legitimate C. citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise power over them D. they coerce the people into submission

C. citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise power over them

What was a common trend seen with the evolution of pop music? A. parents liked the music; kids didn't B. everyone initially liked the music C. kids liked the music; parents didn't D. everyone initially hated the music

C. kids liked the music; parents didn't

Mahatma Gandhi, Jesse Jackson, and Caesar Chavez used ______ to bring about institutional and societal change. A. direct aggression B. assimilation C. nonviolent resistance D. pluralism

C. nonviolent resistance

The often forced removal of a minority group from a region or country is ______. A. subjugation B. segregation C. population transfer D. domestic colonialism

C. population transfer

Which of the following types of authority is held by leaders who have the expertise to carry out the duties of their positions? A. traditional authority B. charismatic authority C. rational-legal authority D. irrational authority

C. rational-legal authority

Which of the following types of authority is most typical of modern nation-states? A. traditional authority B. charismatic authority C. rational-legal authority D. irrational authority

C. rational-legal authority

The historical event that largely shaped conflict theorists' view of social stratification was the A. rise of communism in Russia and China B. social inequality created in the post-World War II United States C. shift from the feudal system to urban industrialism D. end of slavery in the United States

C. shift from the feudal system to urban industrialism

In the study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, Chambliss found all of the following EXCEPT this: A. Social status determines how individuals are treated. B. The boys engaged in deviant behaviors that made sense for their social positions. C. Labeling someone a "deviant" can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. D. All youth who commit crimes are treated equally.

D. All youth who commit crimes are treated equally.

In our class discussion about culture change, Dr. Smith gave us several ways that culture can change. ________ is the moving of cultural items from one culture to another. A. Invention B. Transmission C. Innovation D. Diffusion E. Discovery

D. Diffusion

Which of the following statements about gender roles is false? A. Gender roles are socially constructed. B. Gender roles are designed to meet the needs of each society. C. Gender roles are created by human beings. D. Gender roles are the same throughout the world

D. Gender roles are the same throughout the world

According to the text, the role expectations of anyone in the status of student can be complicated by all of the following variables EXCEPT this one: A. ethnicity B. gender C. sexual orientation D. IQ score

D. IQ score

Gender norms differ across nations. Which of the following statements about gender inequality is false? A. In some countries, a fetus may be aborted if it is found to be a girl. B. High heels are designed to limit female mobility. C. Most modern gender stratification is not intentional. D. Men are more likely to complete degrees in higher education.

D. Men are more likely to complete degrees in higher education.

According to the text, all of the following individuals are considered charismatic leaders EXCEPT this one: A. Adolf Hitler B. Jim Jones C. Jesus D. Queen Elizabeth II

D. Queen Elizabeth II

Which of the following is most consistent with a backstage action? (Don't overthink this one - which is most obvious?) A. Giving a communication speech in front of a class B. Studying in the Clemson library C. Going shopping in Atlanta D. Sitting in the private back room of a restaurant with your family

D. Sitting in the private back room of a restaurant with your family

Middle- and upper-class parents are less likely to ______ than lower-class parents. A. ask about their children's progress B. consult with teachers on strategies to help their child learn C. make it clear that they want teachers to focus on their children D. assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference

D. assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference

Hoops is a member of a militia organization believing that individuals should be able to live without rules and regulations imposed by society. Because the militia has values and practices that go against the practices of the dominant culture, Hoops is a member of a(n) ______. A. collective B. aggregate C. mainstream culture D. counterculture

D. counterculture

As a child develops, the primary agent of socialization changes from the family to the child's ______. A. college professors B. television preferences C. music preferences D. friends

D. friends

All of the following are problematic by-products of bureaucracies EXCEPT this: A. alienation B. goal displacement C. oligarchy D. increased efficiency

D. increased efficiency

According to the text, the state attempts to control the behavior of individuals in all of the following except which way? A. rules of conduct B. physical control C. symbolic control D. internal control

D. internal control

Which of the following is not a rite of passage? A. turning 21 years old B. starting one's first job C. graduating from college D. networking with friends

D. networking with friends

Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic? A. ability to feel pain B. ability to communicate C. ability to use symbols D. sense of self

D. sense of self

Which of the following apply to Scientific Knowledge? A. It must be based on measurable phenomena B. It includes personal bias C. Research that does not support what is being tested does not need to be reported D. It is objective E. None of the above F. A and D above

F. A and D above