SOC quizzes 1-3
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? Some type of religious practice Holding hands with your best friend A funeral or related practice related to those who have died Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
A funeral or related practice related to those who have died
Reliability is defined by the text as: How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
A cultural universal is: An object or a belonging of a group. A pattern or trait common to all societies. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. A written document outlining appropriate behavior.
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
The term interpretive framework can be defined as: A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.
The term language can be defined as: Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class. Someone being incarcerated because they damaged property. A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment. A teacher publishing a late-submission policy.
A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class.
A hypothesis can be defined as: -A way to explain different aspects of social interactions -A testable proposition -An attempt to explain large-scale relationships -Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
A testable proposition
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? A religious belief A law A custom All of the above are social facts
All of the above are social facts
For most of the 1990s and early 2000s, music fans usually had to purchase entire music albums even if they only wanted one or two songs. The iTunes store enabled individual song purchases to give the users more choice. What did this represent? An innovation A discovery A culture shock A diffusion
An innovation
Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? Auguste Comte Karl Marx Max Weber Émile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Behaviorism
Conflict Theory
What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? -Criticism -Symbolic interactionism -Constructivism -Antipositivism
Constructivism
Society and culture _____. Could not exist without each other Are unrelated Are the same thing Could not exist together
Could not exist without each other
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. Behavioral normativity Cultural imperialism Material culture Ideal culture
Cultural imperialism
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. As a result of the event, she has a difficult time speaking to members of her family, and questions her previous approach to style and fashion. Angelica is most likely experiencing _____. Globalization Culture shock Material culture Xenocentricism
Culture shock
After teenage activists Greta and Bruno Rodriquez led school walk outs in their respective home countries of Sweden and Argentina, students around the world began staging similar types of protests. This is an example of: Globalization Innovation Diffusion Socialization
Diffusion
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. Paradigms Xenocentrism Moral relativism Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) ¬¬¬¬_____. Ethnography Case study Experiment Secondary data analysis
Ethnography
Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? Field research Surveys Experiments Secondary data analysis
Field research
The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: Dynamic equilibrium Latent functions Dramaturgical analysis Figuration
Figuration
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent Methodically predict situational outcomes Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona.
Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. -The theory that man evolved slowly over time. -The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. -A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. -How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
______are the standards society would like to embrace and live up to. Ideal Culture Real Culture Mores Folkways
Ideal Culture
Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. Experimental group Control group Dependent variable Independent variable
Independent variable
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. Durkheim; Communism Max Weber; Positivism Karl Marx; Communism Comte; Antipositivism
Karl Marx; Communism
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? Driving on the right hand side of the road Crossing streets on cross-walks Paying taxes Making eye contact while speaking
Making eye contact while speaking
_______ refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people. Metro passes and bus tokens are part of material culture, as are automobiles, stores, and the physical structures where people worship. NonMaterial Culture CounterCulture SubCulture Material Culture
Material Culture
Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____. Non-material culture Material culture A cultural universal The counterculture
Non-material culture
What is the best example of a counter culture? Vegan people People who homeschool their children People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication People who continually prepare for natural disaster
People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication
What is the best example of a counter culture? Vegan people People who homeschool their children People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication People who continually prepare for natural disasters
People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication
A paradigm can be defined as: Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
TV series like The Real Housewives and The Masked Singer are examples of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. High culture; popular culture Popular culture; high culture High culture; low culture Jersey culture; low culture
Popular culture; high culture
Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Qualitative Pathos Logos Quantitative
Quantitative
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? Research existing sources Report results Receive corroboration from the field Formulate a hypothesis
Receive corroboration from the field
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. Literacy Validity Interpretation Reliability
Reliability
What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks? Not treating her cervical cancer Reusing her cells without her consent Reusing her cells in vaccines and related medicines Not acknowledging that the cells came from her
Reusing her cells without her consent
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. Tertiary data Interactive data Primary data Secondary data
Secondary data
Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character. She wears her normal attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket -- and as a result not many people associate with her during the party. The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing: Formal sanction Xenocentricism Social control Ethnocentricity
Social control
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. -Symbolic Interactionists -Conflict Theorists -Structural Functionalists -Social Individualists
Structural Functionalists
TJ notices that their new neighbor is building a machine in the backyard. When TJ inquires what it is, their neighbor explains that its a pumpkin catapult for a competition, and shows TJ dozens of pictures of various national events and tournaments involving hundreds of people. TJ's neighbor is involved in a: Counterculture Out-group Subculture Culture
Subculture
After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. Conflict theorist Structural functionalist Symbolic interactionist Feminist conflict theorist
Symbolic interactionist
Sociology is defined as the: Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. Systematic study of society and social interaction. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. Theoretical examination of life's origins.
Systematic study of society and social interaction.
Imagine two nearby nations, one of which has a long ocean coastline and the other that does not. The nation that borders the ocean is known for detailed poems and stories about marine wildlife and fishing. The nation that does not border the ocean is known more for stories about warfare. If researchers attribute this difference to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what would they most likely indicate is the difference between the two countries' arts? The country near the ocean has more direct experience with it, which is why their culture reflects it. The country closer to the ocean had more encounters with traders and explorers from other regions, who shared their culture and arts. The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean. The country closer to the ocean has incorporated the ocean and maritime life into their ethnic identity.
The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean.
Xenocentrism is: The opposite of cultural relativism The opposite of cultural universalism The same as cultural imperitivism The opposite of ethnocentrism
The opposite of ethnocentrism
Verstehen is defined by the text as: -To maintain a moral conscience. -To compare and contrast social facts. -To understand in a deep way. -To require proof of interpretation.
To understand in a deep way
Ethnocentrism is defined as: time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture. the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture. the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society. a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others.
a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others.
Values are defined as: the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. a group of people who share a community and a culture. in contrast, consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society. a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society.
a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society.
The term values can be defined as: a. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c. Scripture found within the Bible. d. Federal laws and regulations.
b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Symbols are defined as: a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies. the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society. gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world.
gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world.
Norms are defined as: -casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to—is longer. -established, written rules. -a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. -how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.
how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.
Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. latent; manifest manifest; manifest manifest; latent latent; latent
manifest; latent
Culture Shock is defined as: result when something new is formed from existing objects or concepts—when things are put together in an entirely new manner. the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the highest class segments of a society. certain behaviors by giving their support, approval, or permission, or by instilling formal actions of disapproval and nonsupport. one may experience disorientation and frustration.
one may experience disorientation and frustration.
Culture is defined as: the objects or belongings of a group of people. Metro passes and bus tokens are part of material culture, as are automobiles, stores, and the physical structures where people worship. patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies. shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn. the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one's own.
shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn.
Cultural Relativism is defined as: a belief or attitude that one's own culture is better than all others. the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture. a type of subculture that rejects some of the larger culture's norms and values. an object or concept's initial appearance in society—it's innovative because it is markedly new.
the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one's own culture.
Beliefs are defined as: the standards society would like to embrace and live up to. how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them. the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. established, written rules.
the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
Real culture is defined as: behaviors by giving their support, approval, or permission, or by instilling formal actions of disapproval and nonsupport. the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society. a smaller cultural group within a larger culture. the way society actually is, based on what occurs and exists.
the way society actually is, based on what occurs and exists.
Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? -Karl Marx -Max Weber -Herbert Spencer -Émile Durkheim
Émile Durkheim