SOC309 MODULE KNOWLEDGE CHECK

The age at which the average human has the highest risk of death is

0

The oldest verified age to which a human has ever lived is just over ____ years.

120

the age at which the average human has the lowest risk of death is

15

Life expectancy during the Roman era was probably little more than ___ years.

20

For most of human history, up to the modern era, life expectancy was probably about ______ years.

20-30

When life expectancy is 30, about ___ percent of children die before their fifth birthday, compared to ___ percent when life expectancy is 80.

40;1

The most dramatic increases in life expectancy since the end of World War II have occurred in

ASIA

Throughout most of human history, the major causes of death have been related to

Infectious diseases

With respect to longevity, it is accurate to say that

about 35 percent of the variability is due to inherited characteristics.

Of the following statistical concepts, the _______ is not directly used to calculate life expectancy.

age-adjusted death rate

Each of the following except _______ influenced the decline of mortality in the United States prior to World War II.

availability of penicillin

In its broadest terms, the decline in mortality over the past 200 years has been due primarily to

control over its environment

The basic lesson of the nutrition transition concept is that

diets must adapt to circumstances.

Given the current world averages, an infant mortality rate of 50 would be considered low.

false

Life expectancy and life span both refer to the highest age to which humans can expect to live.

false

Life expectancy in Russia is now significantly higher than it was 30 years ago.

false

Medical advances were the main reason for the decline of mortality in Europe and the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

false

World War II was a turning point in world mortality decline because it

led to the spread of death control technology around the world.

The "Hispanic Paradox" refers to the phenomenon of

lower death rates for Hispanics than non-Hispanics in the United States

In a low-mortality society such as the United States, the principal causes of death are related to

noncommunicable conditions.

The planned obsolescence theory of human aging suggests that

our cells have a built-in time clock that eventually stops.

The health and mortality transition does not typically involve a

permanently greater spread in the ages at which people die.

The process of ______ describes the pattern that would exist if everyone survived to age 100 and then died shortly after that.

rectangularization of mortality

The basic lesson of the declines in mortality over time from one country to another is that

there are many routes to low mortality.

The most important "real" causes of death in the United States are related to

tobacco use

In human and many non-human animal populations, females have a biological survival advantage over men.

true

Life expectancy in the United States is now twice what it was 150 years ago.

true

The available evidence suggests that the Spanish Influenza epidemic of 1918 actually erupted first in the West African country of Sierra Leone.

true

The crude death rate is called "crude" because it does not take into account the age and sex distribution of the population.

true

The finding that your initials might somehow affect your life expectancy offers evidence of possible psychological influences on mortality.

true

The plague disappeared from Europe at about the time that the Industrial Revolution was getting started.

true

Of the following characteristics, ________ is least predictive of low levels of mortality.

urban rather than rural residence