SOCI 101 - CH. 11 Sex and Gender in the United States
Which of the following examples of violence against women is no longer practiced today? a. brides as compensation b. foot binding c. female infanticide d. honor killings
b. foot binding
What concept describes the barrier that keeps women from advancing in their paid work? a. internal discrimination b. glass ceiling c. individual discrimination d. pay gap
b. glass ceiling
A system where men as a group dominate women as a group is a __________. a. minority b. patriarchy c. fraternity d. matriarchy
b. patriarchy
What is a primary sexual characteristic? a. breasts b. penis c. body hair d. lower voice
b. penis
According to anthropologist Marvin Harris's theory of how men became dominant, men were __________ and women became __________. a. inferior; superior b. warriors; rewards c. hunters; gatherers d. traders; homemakers
b. warriors; rewards
_____ is an expression of gender, not sex. a. Growing body hair b. Having a penis c. Developing a deeper voice d. Liking football
d. Liking football
How is gender reflected in higher education? a. More women complete doctorates. b. More men earn master's degrees. c. Men and women's graduation rates are about the same. d. More women graduate from college.
d. More women graduate from college.
Women are making strides in politics. For example, Nancy Pelosi was chosen to be the first female __________. a. university president b. Supreme Court justice c. vice president d. Speaker of the House
d. Speaker of the House
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Which of the following statements reflects a characteristic of sex rather than gender? a. A woman is pregnant. b. A woman shows compassion. c. A woman is nurturing. d. A woman wears dresses.
a. A woman is pregnant.
How old is the typical rape victim? a. 15 to 24 years old b. 29 to 34 years old c. 11 to 15 years old d. 24 to 29 years old
a. 15 to 24 years old
In 1890, approximately what percentage of paid workers were women? a. 20% b. 30% c. 10% d. 40%
a. 20%
What will happen as more activities are degendered? a. Both males and females will have greater freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals. b. Females will have less freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals. c. Males will have greater freedom to pursue activities that are compatible with their abilities, but females will not. d. Both males and females will have less freedom to pursue activities that are compatible with their abilities.
a. Both males and females will have greater freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals.
What did anthropologist George Murdock discover about sex-typed work after he analyzed the data from 324 societies? a. Every society has sex-typed work. b. Only about 50 percent of societies have sex-typed work. c. Different work is assigned to men and women based on biology. d. Women's work is often more prestigious.
a. Every society has sex-typed work.
Our views on sexual harassment in the workplace have changed over the years. Which of the following statements reflects how we now view sexual harassment? a. It is a misuse of authority by a man or woman in a position of power. b. It is a misinterpreted sexual attraction. c. It is a personal matter between a man and a woman regardless of job position. d. It is just a man thing and should be ignored.
a. It is a misuse of authority by a man or woman in a position of power.
As stereotypes are changing, what is happening? a. Men are reexamining their traditional roles. b. Distinctions between the sexes are disappearing. c. Women are shedding their femininity. d. Biological differences are increasingly translated into inequalities.
a. Men are reexamining their traditional roles.
Why have men been resistant to feminism and granting women equal rights? a. Men do not want to share their power and privilege. b. Men believe they are biologically superior. c. Men understand that women are too emotional to hold positions of leadership. d. Men know that women really want to get married and have children.
a. Men do not want to share their power and privilege.
What was the prevalent attitude of women in the 1960s? a. They wanted to be wives and mothers. b. They wanted to participate in masculine careers such as engineering. c. They wanted to have careers after marriage. d. They wanted men to do the housework and childcare.
a. They wanted to be wives and mothers.
Some sociologists argue that men are losing power, and that some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power and status. This is an example of __________. a. conflict theory b. group dynamics c. symbolic interactionism d. social integration
a. conflict theory
Sally applied for an entry-level sales position with a major corporation. Instead, she was offered a different entry-level position in human resources, because they felt she would be better at support than direct sales. Over the years, Sally advanced in her department until she was running it. Whenever Sally applied for senior management positions, she was always rejected in favor of a man, even when her qualifications were superior. What prevented Sally from advancing to the top of the corporate ladder? a. glass ceiling b. blatant discrimination c. sexual harassment d. affirmative action for men
a. glass ceiling
Today's rape rate is about __________ what it was in 1990. a. one-third of b. one-half of c. double d. the same as
a. one-third of
Associating strength and virility with violence promotes violence. This explanation of gendered violence is an example of __________. a. symbolic interactionism b. social integration c. group dynamics d. conflict theory
a. symbolic interactionism
What was the primary goal of the conservative branch of the first wave of feminism? a. to win the right to vote b. to receive equal pay for equal work c. To have paid maternity leave from their jobs d. to have access to traditionally male jobs
a. to win the right to vote
Which of the following is a primary sexual characteristic? a. vagina b. facial hair c. breast d. fingernails
a. vagina
In 1992, the first __________ woman was elected to the U.S. Senate. a. Latina b. African American c. Caucasian d. Asian
b. African American
As new models of gender appear and are accepted, what is a likely outcome? a. Homophobia will increase as more men feel their masculinity is in question. b. Men will be able to show their softer side, yet still be considered masculine. c. Men will be harassed for any form of behavior that is considered feminine. d. The image of men as dominant and aggressive will disappear.
b. Men will be able to show their softer side, yet still be considered masculine.
Brenda was born a biological male, but raised as a female due to the lack of a penis. She never knew she had been born male, or had a constructed vagina, or took female hormones around the time she was to start puberty. Despite all of this, she began to mimic male behaviors rather than female. What does this suggest? a. Masculinity is the dominant trait. b. Nature prevailed over nurture. c. Social factors and culture dominate biology and heredity. d. Brenda's parents unconsciously treated her as a male.
b. Nature prevailed over nurture.
Why could women take over U.S. politics if they put their minds to it? a. Women make better leaders than men. b. There are more women voters than men voters. c. More women run for office than men. d. Women are more intelligent than men.
b. There are more women voters than men voters.
Why do sociologists classify women as a minority group? a. Women constitute a smaller percentage of the population than men. b. Women are discriminated against on the basis of sex. c. Many women are kept out of the workforce due to pregnancy and childbirth. d. Most women are smaller than men.
b. Women are discriminated against on the basis of sex.
Why is Michelle less likely to be given a stress test or to have bypass surgery than Michael? a. Women wait too long to report their symptoms. b. Women's complaints are taken less seriously. c. Women have smaller blood vessels. d. Women do not go to the doctor as often.
b. Women's complaints are taken less seriously.
Jan was at a house party when she ran into John, a guy she knew from one of her classes. They got to chatting over some beer, and then she accompanied him to his room where they proceeded to make out. Jan decided she wanted another beer so John went to get it, but when he returned Jan had passed out. He decided to have sex with her anyway because it had been obvious that she wanted to have sex before she passed out. What John did is considered __________. a. her fault b. date rape c. bad judgment d. consensual sex
b. date rape
Women who work full time make about _____ of what men make. a. 90% b. 60% c. 70% d. 80%
c. 70%
Which of the following is an accurate statement about gender? a. Gender is inherited and determined at birth. b. Gender refers to male and female, not masculinity and femininity. c. Gender consists of behavior and attitudes. d. Gender is determined by secondary sexual characteristics.
c. Gender consists of behavior and attitudes.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the status of men and women as CEOs of large corporations? a. Equal numbers of men and women are CEOs. b. The median pay of female CEOs is the same as that of males. c. Male CEOs vastly outnumber female CEOs. d. Male CEOs earn less than female CEOs.
c. Male CEOs vastly outnumber female CEOs.
What country has the closest gender equality among elected officials? a. Brazil b. Japan c. Rwanda d. United States of America
c. Rwanda
Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between the sex of voters and the sex of elected officials in the United States? a. There are far fewer women voters than men, and there are far fewer women holding political offices. b. There is about the same number of women voters as men, yet more men hold political offices. c. There are far more women voters than men, yet men greatly outnumber women in political office. d. Women voters outnumber men, and there are more women in political offices than men.
c. There are far more women voters than men, yet men greatly outnumber women in political office.
In a study of Vietnam veterans, what did researchers discover about vets with higher testosterone levels? a. They were less likely to abuse their wives. b. They were more likely to have higher-status jobs. c. They were more likely to use drugs. d. They were more likely to be faithful to their spouses.
c. They were more likely to use drugs.
Why did men like Dr. Edward Clarke of Harvard believe women were less suited for higher education than men? a. Women were not intelligent enough for college. b. Women's brains are smaller than men's brains. c. Women's minds were dominated by their female organs. d. Women were needed in the home.
c. Women's minds were dominated by their female organs.
In what part of the world are men more likely to commit murder than women? a. Industrializing Nations b. Most Industrialized Nations c. every nation in the world d. Least Industrialized Nations
c. every nation in the world
Like social class, __________ is a structural feature of society. a. sex b. biology c. gender d. behavior
c. gender
Which part of the third wave of feminism dismays those feminists who were part of the second wave? a. the emphasis on replacing admired masculine characteristics with qualities thought of as feminine b. the focus on the problems of women in the Least Industrialized Nations c. the attitude that women should use their sexual attractiveness to get ahead d. the desire to compete with men on equal terms
c. the attitude that women should use their sexual attractiveness to get ahead
Which statement reflects an element of sex typing of work? a. Prestige is attached to the job, not to the person doing the job. b. In societies where only women help deliver babies, delivering babies is considered a very prestigious job. c. Jobs that are considered feminine in one society are considered feminine in all societies. d. When a society considers weaving to be an occupation for men, it gains in importance.
d. When a society considers weaving to be an occupation for men, it gains in importance.
When Michelle, a college student, begins her first job, she's likely to start at a lower salary than Mike. Which of the following is a major reason? a. Women do not prepare for job interviews as well. b. Women become too emotional while being interviewed. c. Women dress inappropriately for job interviews. d. Women are not as good at negotiating salaries during interviews.
d. Women are not as good at negotiating salaries during interviews.
What do feminists believe? a. Women are biologically and intellectually superior to men. b. Stratification by gender is natural. c. Biology is destiny and determines our place in society. d. Women should be politically, economically, and socially equal.
d. Women should be politically, economically, and socially equal.
What is one simple thing that women can do to increase their pay for their first job out of college? a. use their sexual attractiveness to sell themselves b. switch to a higher-paying field c. make sure the person they interview with is a woman d. negotiate for a higher salary
d. negotiate for a higher salary
Ultimately, it is ___________, not biology, that pushes men and women into different social roles. a. psychology b. educational achievements c. personality type d. stereotypes
d. stereotypes