SOCI 1301 Final Review

25. The United States Government is a form of: a. A bureaucracy b. A coercive organization c. A total institution d. A normative organization

a. A bureaucracy

27. Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and widely considered the father of sociology? a. Auguste Comte b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Emile Durkheim

a. Auguste Comte

4. What is the first agent of socialization? a. Family b. Friends c. The law d. School

a. Family

33. During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _________. a. Socialization b. The looking glass self c. Resocialization d. Anticipatory socialization

a. Socialization

38. Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Conflict theory c. Functionalism d. Feminist theory

a. Symbolic interactionism

5. The term technological diffusion is defined as: a. The spread of technology across borders. b. The global lack of access to online media. c. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communication with directly. d. The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public.

a. The spread of technology across borders.

34. True or False: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. a. True b. False

a. True

7. The term deviance can be defined as: a. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring. b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, more, or codified law. c. Social reward for the violation of norms. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, more, or codified law.

35. Which of the following is an example of role strain? a. Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. b. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. c. Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children. d. Krista lands a role on Days of Our lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.

b. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

40. Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into gender role? a. Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. c. Letting Kim wear pants to school. d. Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey."

b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

26. Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n): a. Overview b. Case study c. Experiment d. Data analysis

b. Case study

30. Durkheim defined __________ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. a. The iron cage b. Collective conscience c. Feminist d. Conflict theorist

b. Collective conscience

41. Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism

b. Conflict Theory

18. Areas that once vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. Industrialization b. Deindustrialization c. Post-industrialization d. Industrialization transition

b. Deindustrialization

21. Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a. Donna becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. b. Erika putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying. c. Noah protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona. d. Nick marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disapprove.

b. Erika putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

22. True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? a. True b. False

b. False

39. Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? a. Financial resources from the government and population b. Geographic distribution of male and female students c. Value placed on education d. Amount of time devoted to education

b. Geographic distribution of male and female students

28. Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by six corporations. This is a product of _______. a. Cyberfeminism b. Media globalization c. Technological imbalance d. Corporate isolation

b. Media globalization

20. On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out of friends who dress the same. This is an example of _________. a. Institutionalization b. Role performance c. Role strain d. Ascribed status

b. Role performance

9. Lea is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Lea wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Lea is experiencing a form of: a. Ethnocentricity b. Social control c. Formal sanction d. Xenocentricism

b. Social control

1. Sociology is defined as the: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Theoretical examination of life's origins.

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction.

8. Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a. Rich b. Technophile c. PC person d. Neo-Luddite

b. Technophile

32. The term assimilation is defined by the text as: a. The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. b. The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture. c. The act of singling out an individual because of his or her race. d. What a dominant group to leave a certain area or even the country.

b. The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.

16. Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of: a. The social construction of race b. The scapegoat theory c. White privilege d. Pluralism

b. The scapegoat theory

23. Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted, his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: a. A meritocracy b. A dictatorship c. A caste system d. An oligarchy

c. A caste system

29. Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? a. Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home-economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. b. A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. c. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday. d. A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar.

c. A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

10. 88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in ________. a. Subjective poverty b. Marginal poverty c. Absolute poverty d. Relative poverty

c. Absolute poverty

13. Pete travels across Thailand with his friends and, to his surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," he tells his family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of: a. Moral relativism b. Paradigms c. Ethnocentrism d. Xenocentrism

c. Ethnocentrism

31. Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: a. Positive informal sanction b. Negative informal sanction c. Positive formal sanction d. Negative formal sanction

c. Positive formal sanction

24. The term discrimination is defined in the text as: a. An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system b. The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture c. Prejudiced action against a group of people d. Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

c. Prejudiced action against a group of people

11. Reliability is defined by the text as: a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

3. Sandy is standing in line for Drake tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n): a. Dyad b. Triad c. In-group d. Aggregate

d. Aggregate

14. Education is important to society because: a. It teaches children facts about the world in which they live. b. It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces. c. It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

17. Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. Which sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict

d. Conflict

2. Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ______ perspective. a. Functionalism b. Symbolic Interactionism c. Institutionalism d. Conflict Theory

d. Conflict Theory

6. Society and culture: a. Are the same thing b. Are unrelated c. Could not exist together d. Could not exist without each other

d. Could not exist without each other

19. Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

36. Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. Most people do not care about social rank and standing. b. Only lower-class people drink beer. c. Only upper-class people can enjoy a good game of polo. d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

12. Biological determinism is: a. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another. b. An extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals. c. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. d. The belief that men and women behave differently due to the differences in their biology.

d. The belief that men and women behave differently due to the differences in their biology.

37. The term formal education is defined by the text as: a. Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society. b. The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college. c. An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times. d. The learning of academic facts and concepts.

d. The learning of academic facts and concepts.

15. Social control is: a. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives. b. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on the law. c. A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.