SOCI201 Chapters 10 11 12 13
Gustavo wants to figure out his wealth. He has $2,000 in a checking account, $500 in savings, $15,000 in stocks, and an $8,000 student loan he needs to repay. Gustavo's wealth is $9,000. $17,500. $9,500. -$4,000.
$9,500.
Which of the following equations would represent pluralism? A + B + C → A A + B + C → A + B + C A + B + C → D None of the answers is correct.
A + B + C → A + B + C
Which of the following statements is true? All Native Americans benefit equally from gambling revenues. About two-thirds of Native Americans benefit from gambling revenues. A small fraction of Native Americans benefits from gambling revenues. Native Americans do not benefit from gambling revenues.
A small fraction of Native Americans benefits from gambling revenues.
Which of the following statements is true? Female governors are drastically outnumbered by male governors. The year 2010 marked the first time the Supreme Court had three women justices at the same time. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true.
Both answers are true.
Which of the following is a semiperiphery nation? Germany China Chad the United States
China
According to the "contact hypothesis," racial tensions increase when individuals from different racial groups are forced to work together on a common task. True False
False
Which of the following is a core nation? Germany Mexico Egypt Ireland
Germany
Which of the following is not true about the term feminism? It incorporates a belief in political equality for women It incorporates a belief in economic equality for women. It incorporates a belief in affirmative action for women. All of the answers are correct.
It incorporates a belief in affirmative action for women.
Which of the following properly identifies Asian Americans, as a group? They are an ethnic group. They are a racial group. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true.
They are a racial group.
Based on the standard definitions of the terms sex and gender, it is easier to change one's gender than one's sex. True False
True
Bourdieu believed that, because some culture is more highly valued than other culture, cultural capital is a form of power. ultimately worthless. valuable only to the elite. limited in availability.
a form of power.
The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period is known as industrialization. civilization. modernization. colonialism.
colonialism.
Our tastes, knowledge, attitudes, language, and ways of thinking that we exchange in interaction with others is known as cultural capital. cultural transmission. cultural integration. cultural relativity.
cultural capital.
Ralph Ellison's nameless protagonist in Invisible Man exemplified the experience of many African Americans. described discriminatory practices against the working classes. told of the mundane experiences of suburban middle-class men. complained about the status of men as a result of the feminist movement.
exemplified the experience of many African Americans
Prejudice is to discrimination as norm is to value. thinking is to action. behavior is to attitude. value is to norm.
thinking is to action
In a 1957 survey, the vast majority of people believed that anyone who chose to remain single was simply lacking in opportunity. doing so for religious reasons. "expressing their individuality." "sick, neurotic, or immoral."
"sick, neurotic, or immoral."
On average, how many more hours of unpaid housework and childcare do women perform per day than men? 0.5 hour 1 hour 2.5 hours 3 hours
2.5 hours
Which of the following equations represents assimilation? A + B + C → A A + B + C → A + B + C A + B + C → D None of the answers is correct.
A + B + C → A
Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination? A country club has a rule specifying that no Italians or Jews may be members. A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut or Massachusetts to receive services in the facility. A city adopts an aggressive minority-hiring program for 3 years, but in the 4th year, the city fires all employees hired during the last three years. A manager for a men's athletic club refuses to hire women to work as attendants because they will need to go into the men's locker room.
A city adopts an aggressive minority-hiring program for 3 years, but in the 4th year, the city fires all employees hired during the last three years.
Which of the following is true about voting in presidential elections since 1980? A higher percentage of young women than young men have voted. A higher percentage of young men than young women have voted. The percentage of young men and young women who have voted is about the same. The gender breakdown among young voters depended upon the individual election.
A higher percentage of young women than young men have voted.
Which of the following is the best example of absolute poverty? A homeless man begs in the streets for money and food. A dual-career couple struggles to pay their monthly bills. A single parent relies on government assistance to feed her children. None of the answers is correct.
A homeless man begs in the streets for money and food.
Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the second shift? A woman works during the day as a nurse and then has a second job working as a waitress at a local diner during the night. A man has a career as an accountant. When he gets home, helps his wife pick up the house and make dinner for the two of them and their children. A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for cleaning her home, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband. None of the answers is correct.
A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for cleaning her home, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband.
Which of the following groups is more likely to be persistently poor? African Americans and Asian Americans non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans Asian Americans and Hispanics African Americans and Hispanics
African Americans and Hispanics
As an expression of who people are as individuals, sexuality is comparable to which of the following traits? gender race class All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
How is the word sex defined, in sociological terms? It is a variation that occurs at the cellular level. It is a variation at the anatomical level. It comprises all the biological differences between males and females. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
In her study of the use of the term "fag," C.J. Pascoe found that the term linked homosexuality with failed masculinity. the term represented a form of failed masculinity. the term supported heteronormative standards. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Industrial nations spend money on health care and the military, resulting in which of the following benefits for the people in those nations? better health longer life spans greater security All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Since Mexican men are still typically viewed as heads of the household, which of the following has been difficult for Mexican women? obtaining credit obtaining technical assistance inheriting land in rural areas All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Some research suggests that traditional gender roles may be disadvantageous to men. Which of the following pieces of evidence are cited to support this conclusion? Women are more likely than men to attend college. Girls outdo boys in high school, taking a larger share of leadership positions. Starting in 2005-2006, more women than men earned doctoral degrees. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
The issue of poverty is tied to which of the following factors? money social resources cultural resources All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following are examples of gender variations across cultures? Native American berdaches Indian hijiras Omani xanith All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? the legacy of colonialism neocolonialism modernization All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is an example of vertical mobility? A person starts as a cashier in a grocery store and eventually gets promoted to a position in the chain's corporate headquarters. An African president is overthrown in a bloodless coup and flees to a neighboring country where he works as a farmer. A National Football League star suffers a career-ending injury and gets a job as an auto mechanic. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is considered a form of institutional discrimination? a firm's rule that only English be spoken at work a law school's policy of giving preference in admissions to children of influential alumni a firm's prohibition against the use of part-time workers All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is more prevalent in developing nations than in industrialized nations? shorter life spans child mortality the burden of disease All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements about racial groups in the United States is true? In the 19th century, a person was defined as black even if that person only had a single drop of "black blood." Over 9 million people in the United States are multiracial. The most frequent multiracial combination is of white and black ancestry. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true about life in Mexico? Fewer people graduate from high school in Mexico than do in the United States. More infants die in the first year of life in Mexico than do in the United States. The gross national income per person in Mexico is much lower than in the United States. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true about the obstacles women face in developing countries? Women are often denied educational opportunities. Female children are often fed less than male children. Women are often only hospitalized when they are critically ill. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true concerning American women in the workforce? Women are underrepresented in occupations traditionally defined as "men's jobs." More than half of all adult women are in the workforce. Women experience occupational segregation that often confines them to "women's jobs." All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following victim statuses may motivate a hate crime? race or ethnicity national origin sexual orientation All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Why do critics of modernization contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries? developing countries have a large pool of cheap labor. developing countries discourage strong trade unions. developing countries often create a favorable "climate for investment." All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Why was there so much conflict between Korean Americans and African Americans in the early 1990s? African Americans felt Korean American merchants were being disrespectful and arrogant. Korean Americans confronted African Americans who were allegedly threatening or robbing their stores. Korean Americans were the latest immigrant group to cater to the needs of inner-city populations. All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following groups often face lack of access to the latest technologies? rural residents low-income groups ethnic minorities All of the answers are true.
All of the answers are true.
Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is true? Women grow half the world's food, but they rarely own land. Women constitute one-third of the world's paid labor force, but generally hold the lowest-paying jobs. On average, women spend more hours per day doing unpaid labor than do men. All of the answers are true.
All of the answers are true.
Which of the following would be an example of third wave feminism? Marching in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. White, upper-middle class women petitioning in support of workplace equality. An argument that gender cannot be understood in isolation from race or class. All of the answers are correct. References
An argument that gender cannot be understood in isolation from race or class.
Which of the following was not one of the findings of Peggy McIntosh's study of whiteness? Being white meant rarely having to step out of her comfort zone. Being white made parenting easier. She found that she was regularly evaluated in racial terms. She found that her skin color opened doors for her.
Being white made parenting easier.
According to the modernization approach, how can multinational corporations actually help developing nations? multinationals bring industries and jobs to the developing nation. multinationals promote rapid development through the diffusion of inventions and innovations. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
Which of the following does the term heteronormativity suggest? That heterosexuality is the appropriate standard for sexual identity and practice. That alternative sexualities are deviant, abnormal, and wrong. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
Which of the following is an example of amalgamation? The Mexican people of today, who are the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and Indians. The United States population, according to the concept of the "melting pot." Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the census? Since 2000, respondents have been allowed to select more than one race. The goal of the Census Bureau is to provide a snapshot of race at various points in history. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
Both answers are correct.
One way to define the American Dream is as upward intragenerational mobility. upward vertical mobility. Neither answer is true. Both answers are true.
Both answers are true.
Which of the following is true about sexual expression? It is a result of biological urges and instincts. It is a result of social, cultural, and historical processes. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true.
Both answers are true.
Which of the following statements about the digital divide is correct? Internet access varies significantly by income. Broadband access varies significantly by age. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true.
Both answers are true.
Which of the following is correct about self-identification of sexuality for people between 18-44? Men are more likely than women to identify themselves as homosexual. Women are more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexual. Both statements are true. Neither statement is true.
Both statements are true.
Which of the following nations has the highest percentage of birth control usage among people aged 15-44? The United States Norway Germany China
China
Which of the following nations is fully compliant with the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act? Colombia China Israel Fiji
Colombia
An analysis of global wealth distribution shows that the bulk of the wealth is held by countries in North America and Asia. Europe, North America, and some Asia-Pacific nations. South America. Europe and North America.
Europe, North America, and some Asia-Pacific nations.
What is the point of the story of Santiago and Postville, Iowa? Illegal immigrants can become productive, successful members of a community. Immigration is an issue that extends beyond border states such as Texas and California. Face-to-face interaction with people from other cultures can help to break down borders. All of the answers are correct.
Face-to-face interaction with people from other cultures can help to break down borders.
According to Wallerstein's theory, countries of the semiperiphery are the worst off because they are exploited by both the core and the periphery. True False
False
According to standpoint theory, there is an objective reality out there that we can all perceive if we adopt the same standpoint. True False
False
As a percentage of its gross national income, the U.S. gives more in foreign aid than any other developed nation. True False
False
As defined by sociologists, a "minority group" is a group whose membership is numerically inferior to the majority group. True False
False
From a modernization perspective, the transition from traditional to modern society brings with it more problems that it resolves. True False
False
In an effort to simplify the concept of race, the U.S. Census Board has, over time, reduced the number of possible racial categories on the census. True False
False
Included among the goals of the Millennium Project is to achieve universal secondary education by the year 2015. True False
False
Most of the world's wealth is held by countries in North America, South America, and Europe. True False
False
Pierre Bourdieu's concept of "cultural capital" is intended to illustrate the important role played by culture in bridging class and status divisions. True False
False
Southeast Asian Americans are accurately described as "model" or "ideal" minorities because they have a higher median income and lower rates of poverty than the majority group. True False
False
Studies have shown repeatedly that the difference in income between women and men is due almost exclusively to occupational segregation. True False
False
The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes binding legal principles to which all signatory nations must adhere. True False
False
The caste system of India is organized around professions, such as farmer and merchant. If individuals change their profession, they also change the caste to which they belong. True False
False
The term "neocolonialism" describes a new form of colonialism that has a positive, rather than negative, impact on the country being colonized. True False
False
The terms "prestige" and "esteem" are interchangeable. Hence, it is logically impossible for an individual in a low prestige occupation, such as a maid, to be esteemed. True False
False
There is now little disagreement among sociologists and economists that multinational corporations have a negative effect on developing countries. True False
False
While income in the United States continues to be unevenly distributed, the degree of income inequality has declined significantly since 1970. True False
False
Which of the following statements accurately reflects research on children's books published throughout the 20th century? Females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations. Female characters were often shown as passive and in need of strong male caretakers. Females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males. All of the answers are correct.
Female characters were often shown as passive and in need of strong male caretakers.
Which of the following would be an example of colonialism? French control over North Africa from the late nineteenth until the middle of the twentieth century the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 the continuing dependence of developing nations on the economic resources of core nations the German occupation of France, Belgium, and Poland during World War II
French control over North Africa from the late nineteenth until the middle of the twentieth century
Which of the following is a true statement about sexuality and same-sex experiences? Having had a same-sex experience does not necessarily result in a same-sex identity. Fewer people have had same-sex experiences than identify as bisexual. More people identify as homosexual than have had same-sex experiences. Same-sex experiences tend to occur at a younger age than opposite-sex experiences.
Having had a same-sex experience does not necessarily result in a same-sex identity.
Which ethnic group represents the largest minority in the United States? African Americans Hispanics Asian Americans Jews
Hispanics
Which of the following is a true statement about income inequality? Income inequality has increased steadily in the U.S. since 1970. Income inequality surveys only take men's income into account. Income inequality has decreased steadily in the U.S. since 1980. People in the U.S. are more aware of inequality than those in other countries
Income inequality has increased steadily in the U.S. since 1970.
Which of the following is true concerning industrialized countries' commitment to social service programs? Most industrialized nations devote a smaller percentage of their expenditures to social programs than the United States. Cuba, the United Kingdom, and Canada all pay out lower percentages of their nations' respective health care expenditures than the United States. The United States pays a lower percentage of health care expenditures than all other industrialized nations. Industrialized countries vary widely in their commitment to paying for social service programs and health care costs.
Industrialized countries vary widely in their commitment to paying for social service programs and health care costs.
A young Japanese man who migrated to the United States in 1893 and was able to obtain a menial job was an example of a(n) Issei. Nisei. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
Issei.
How is the word gender defined, in sociological terms? It is the hormonal and chromosomal differences between men and women. It is a series of biological differences between men and women that occur at the anatomical level. It comprises the social and cultural significance that we attach to the biological differences of sex. All of the answers are correct.
It comprises the social and cultural significance that we attach to the biological differences of sex.
What was the influence of NAFTA on trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico? It dismantled most of the trade barriers between the three nations. It erected new tariffs on American goods entering Mexico. It erected new tariffs on Mexican goods entering the United States. It damaged the Mexican economy by devaluing the peso.
It dismantled most of the trade barriers between the three nations.
Which of the following is true about a classification system that identifies sexual orientation in clear-cut terms? It accurately reflects people's experiences. It does not accurately reflect people's experiences. It privileges a western view of sexuality. It privileges the experiences of wealthy people over those of poor people.
It does not accurately reflect people's experiences.
Which of the following is true about the Millennium Project? It is a program sponsored by multi-national corporations to promote investment in developing nations. It is a program sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide. It is a program sponsored by an alliance of church organizations to promote Christianity in developing nations. None of the answers is correct.
It is a program sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide.
Which of the following describe Karl Marx's concept of class consciousness? It is an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect the objective position of the class within society. It is the reputation that a particular individual has within a class and that person's awareness of how others relate socially to that reputation. It is a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding the need for collective political action to bring about social change. All of the choices are correct.
It is a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding the need for collective political action to bring about social change.
What is the borderlands between the U.S. and Mexico? It is the area covered by the U.S. Border Patrol. It is an area of common culture between the two nations. It is the region from which maquiladoras have been banished by both governments. It is the area of the Rio Grande's watershed.
It is an area of common culture between the two nations.
Which of the following statements about slavery is true? It is considered the most extreme form of legalized social inequality. Slavery has almost always been linked to race. Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece. Slavery in the United States was considered an achieved status.
It is considered the most extreme form of legalized social inequality.
Which of the following is true about sexism? It has increased greatly since the 1950s. Sexism only refers to male prejudice and discrimination against women. It is the ideology that claims one sex is superior to the other. Sexism typically only occurs in working class communities.
It is the ideology that claims one sex is superior to the other.
Which of the following is true about the practice of "hogging"? It is used to prove masculinity to other men. It is used to undermine traditional constructs of masculinity. It is used to prove femininity to other women. It is used to undermine constructs of heteronormativity.
It is used to prove masculinity to other men.
Which of the following is correct about the psychiatric profession's approach to issues of sexual identity? It categorized homosexuality as a psychological disorder until 1996. It labels people who are transgender and transsexual has having "gender dysphoria." It regards gender identity disorders as a form of mild schizophrenia. All of the answers are correct.
It labels people who are transgender and transsexual has having "gender dysphoria."
Which of the following is not true about the term instrumental leader as used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales? It refers to the person in the family who bears responsibility for completion of tasks. It refers to the person in the family who focuses on more distant goals. It refers to the person in the family who bears responsibility for the maintenance of harmony. It refers to the person in the family who manages the external relationships between the family and others.
It refers to the person in the family who bears responsibility for the maintenance of harmony.
Which of the following is not true of the Black Power movement? It rejected the goal of assimilation into white middle-class society. It celebrated the beauty and dignity of black and African cultures. It rejected the goals of the civil rights movement. It supported the creation of black-controlled political and economic institutions.
It rejected the goals of the civil rights movement.
Which of the following is true about Mexican emigration to the U.S? It occurs primarily through proper legal channels. It significantly affects both nations. It has become more male-dominated. It is now predominantly female.
It significantly affects both nations.
Which of the following is true about the contact hypothesis? It states that contact between people of different classes will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. It states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. It states that contact between people of the same race will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. It views subordination as a means of regulating contact between dominant and subordinate groups.
It states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.
Which of the following is not true about The Feminine Mystique? It argued that "the problem that has no name" was a public rather than a private issue. It was based on the lives of working-class women and their struggles with workplace inequality. It argued that women were cut off from valuable social, economic, and cultural resources. All of the answers are correct.
It was based on the lives of working-class women and their struggles with workplace inequality.
In 1896 the Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, upheld ______________ as constitutional. school integration Jim Crow laws government segregation Reconstruction
Jim Crow laws
What popular television show best promotes a dimorphic model of sex? Leave it to Beaver Seinfeld The L Word Glee
Leave it to Beaver
Which of the following is an example of prejudice? John believes that the U.S. is the best country in the world. Mary believes that all men are pigs. Arnold prefers to hire Catholics to work in his office. Dawn likes to date football players.
Mary believes that all men are pigs.
Which of the following is a true statement about education and the likelihood of engaging in same-sex sexual behavior? Men with higher levels of education were more likely to engage in such behaviors compared to other men. Women with higher levels of education were more likely to engage in such behaviors compared to other women. Men with low levels of education were more likely to engage in such behaviors than women with low levels of education. Men with low levels of education were more likely to engage in such behaviors than other men.
Men with higher levels of education were more likely to engage in such behaviors compared to other men.
hich of the following is surprising about Mexico, according to Forbes magazine? Los Angeles is poorer than Mexico City. Mexican workers' gross earnings almost equal those of their American counterparts. Mexico's Carlos Slim Helú beat out Bill Gates as the world's richest person in 2011. Mexico has the narrowest gap between rich and poor of any nation in the world.
Mexico's Carlos Slim Helú beat out Bill Gates as the world's richest person in 2011.
Which of the following is a hate crime? John refuses to join the Boy Scouts because they allow homosexuals to participate. Mary refuses to patronize a store because its owner is African American. Michael vandalizes a store because the owner is Latino. Lisa sells her house because a gay couple moves in next store.
Michael vandalizes a store because the owner is Latino.
Which of the following is true about those who had their first sexual intercourse under the age of 20? More than half of females who had sex before age 20 really wanted it to happen. More than half of males who had sex before age 20 really wanted it to happen. Most males who had sex before age 20 had mixed feelings about it. Most females who had sex before age 20 felt they had been coerced.
More than half of males who had sex before age 20 really wanted it to happen.
Which of the following nations consistently has the highest levels of income inequality? Namibia the United States Japan Sweden
Namibia
What accounts for the wage gaps between men and women in the same occupation? age and degree of formal education years of work experience marital status None of the answers is correct.
None of the answers is correct.
In the United States, women hold less than 17 percent of the seats on the boards of directors of the 500 largest corporations. What country has established minimum quotas for the number of female board members? Great Britain France China Norway
Norway
Which of the following is not considered a minority group in the United States? Native American women African American men Protestant White men Jewish American women
Protestant White men
Which of the following is not true of the various Latino groups in the United States? Puerto Ricans in the United States have been more successful than Mexican Americans in organizing for their political rights. The first wave of Cuban immigrants after Castro's revolution included many professionals. Mexican Americans make up the largest Hispanic group in the United States The majority of the overall increase in the Hispanic population since 2000 is due to high birthrates.
Puerto Ricans in the United States have been more successful than Mexican Americans in organizing for their political rights.
Expulsion was recently illustrated by Serbian forces driving more than 1 million Croats and Muslims from their homes. the Hutus confiscating the land of the Tutsi in Rwanda. the destruction of the Armenian population within Turkey. the French accepting refugees from Syria.
Serbian forces driving more than 1 million Croats and Muslims from their homes.
Which view of sexual orientation is likely to become prevalent as alternative expressions of sexuality become more accepted? Sexual orientation will decline as a master status. Sexual orientation will increase as a master status. Both answers are true. Neither answer is true.
Sexual orientation will decline as a master status.
Which of the following nations has the lowest percentage of birth control usage among people aged 15-44? The United States Norway Somalia Japan
Somalia
Which of the following would not be considered discrimination? Sue proclaims that all poor people are criminals. Sue refuses to give Jane a ride to work because Jane is poor. Jane, who is poor, vandalizes the cars of rich people because she believes they are snobs. Sue refuses to hire Jane because she is poor.
Sue proclaims that all poor people are criminals.
Which country exemplifies the modern pluralistic state? the United States Great Britain Switzerland Brazil
Switzerland
Which of the following is the major reason why Mexicans risk their lives crossing the desert to get to the United States? They hope to escape religious persecution. The income disparity between the two countries is great. The Mexican government forces people to leave the country. They want to escape the slavery predominant in Mexico.
The income disparity between the two countries is great.
Which of the following statements is correct according to the National Survey of Family Growth? The number of people who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual is lower than the number who have engaged in homosexual practices. The number of people who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual is higher than the number who have engaged in homosexual practices. A greater number of women thought of themselves as being homosexual than did men. A greater number of men thought of themselves as being bisexual than did women.
The number of people who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual is lower than the number who have engaged in homosexual practices.
Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true? The ten largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the United States. Their total revenues are on a par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations. The idea of a multinational corporation is relatively new and has only existed for the last hundred years. All of the answers are correct.
Their total revenues are on a par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations.
Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility is true? There is less chance for intergenerational mobility in the United States than in some Scandinavian countries. Immigration does not play a significant part in intergenerational mobility. There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas when upward intergenerational mobility occurs. All of the answers are correct.
There is less chance for intergenerational mobility in the United States than in some Scandinavian countries.
Which of the following is true about remittances? They are the taxes legal Mexican aliens in the United States pay on their wages. They are earnings that immigrants to the U.S. send back to their families in Mexico. They are taxes paid to the Mexican government on money sent home by immigrants to the U.S. They are the documents that Mexican aliens must receive to gain legal status in the United States.
They are earnings that immigrants to the U.S. send back to their families in Mexico.
Which of the following is true about maquiladoras? They are non-government organizations who donate enormous sums to influence Mexican elections. They are agricultural workers who migrate seasonally between the United States and Mexico. They are foreign-owned factories located in Mexico that are allowed to import parts and materials to the U.S. without tariffs. None of the answers are correct.
They are foreign-owned factories located in Mexico that are allowed to import parts and materials to the U.S. without tariffs.
Which of the following best describes the opinion of most early sociologists? They predicted that society would become fragmented and disjointed. They believed that society would eventually self-destruct without intervention. They assumed society was progressing toward a common positive future. They felt that societies would remain largely in their current state.
They assumed society was progressing toward a common positive future
Which of the following is true about human rights advocates? They emphasize that everyone has the right to a nationality and its culture. They refuse to condemn political violence in all situations. They seek to restrict the growth of globalization. They primarily work in conjunction with multinational corporations.
They emphasize that everyone has the right to a nationality and its culture.
Which of the following is true about alternative expressions of sexuality in the United States? They have virtually no history before 1960. They have virtually no history before 1900. They have a long but largely unacknowledged history. They have a long and well-known history.
They have a long but largely unacknowledged history.
Which of the following is true about the Yogyakarta principles? They were established to restrict the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. They were established in part because homosexuality remains a crime in many nations. They were established to promote the death penalty as a punishment for homosexuality in non-western nations. They were established by alternative religious organizations in response to Christian opposition to LGBT communities.
They were established in part because homosexuality remains a crime in many nations.
"Color-blind" racism involves the use of race neutrality to perpetuate existing racial inequalities. True False
True
Among amalgamation, assimilation, and pluralism, the approach that is most likely to allow a minority group to preserve its own culture and traditions is pluralism. True False
True
An African American who believes that African American culture is superior to all other cultures is guilty of ethnocentrism. True False
True
An undergraduate college degree serves less as a guarantee of upward mobility now than it did in the past. True False
True
As the practice of slavery in ancient Greece illustrates, slavery need not be an inevitably ascribed status. True False
True
For Max Weber, the term "class" is primarily an economic ascription, whereas the term "status" refers to a person's social standing. True False
True
In general, the boundaries that separate different groups in a class system are less clearly defined than the boundaries in either slavery or caste systems. True False
True
One of the key insights of Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis is that the global capitalist economy functions as a single, coherent system. True False
True
Researchers working on the Human Genome Project have recently determined that all races share the same basic genetic material. Thus, they conclude that race is a social rather than scientific construct. True False
True
The Industrial Revolution caused an explosion in economic growth, but also added to global inequality and wide disparities in standards of living. True False
True
The biological basis of race is questionable because the genetic variation within racial groups can be greater than that between racial groups. True False
True
The difference between prejudice and discrimination is the same as the difference between thought and action. True False
True
The difference in meaning between the terms "relative poverty" and "absolute poverty" makes it possible for an individual to be classified both as rich and deprived at the same time. True False
True
The dimorphic model of sex asserts that the dividing line between males and females is clear and unambiguous. True False
True
The existence of "female men," and "male women" in various societies around the world suggests masculinity and femininity are not genetically determined. True False
True
The existence of transgendered individuals provides evidence that sexuality is socially constructed rather than biologically determined. True False
True
The fact that stay-at-home moms dramatically outnumber stay-at-home dads provides evidence that conventional gender-role expectations exist for men as well as for women True False
True
The greater the importance of achieved status relative to ascribed status, the more open a stratification system is likely to be. True False
True
The so-called "color hierarchy" in Mexico suggests that social status is strongly linked to the appearance of racial purity. True False
True
The term "gender" can be defined as the social and cultural significance we attach to the biological differences between men and women True False
True
The term "stratification" refers to social inequalities that are sufficiently durable to be considered part of the structure of the society itself. True False
True
Young women are the most likely category to embrace alternative sexual identities and engage in same-sex practices. True False
True
Which of the following best describes the average distribution of housework between men and women? Women do more housework than men, regardless of who works outside the home. Men do the majority of housework when women work outside of the home. Housework is split evenly between men and women when both work outside the home. Men do more housework than women, regardless of who works outside the home.
Women do more housework than men, regardless of who works outside the home.
In 1995, the federal Glass Ceiling Commission found that glass ceilings no longer block women and minority men from top management positions in the nation's industries. continue to block women and minority men from top management positions in the nation's industries. continue to block women but not minority men from top management positions in the nation's industries. continue to block minorities but not white women from top management positions in the nation's industries
]continue to block women and minority men from top management positions in the nation's industries.
Which of the following is the best example of a multinational corporation? a Swiss bank with customers who live all over the world a U.S. hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland a beverage corporation that has bottling plants throughout the world All of the answers are correct.
a beverage corporation that has bottling plants throughout the world
he Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 established a lifetime limit of five years for welfare payments to eligible families. a lifetime limit of ten years for welfare payments to eligible families. a lifetime limit of five years for workfare payments to eligible families. a lifetime limit of ten years for workfare payments to eligible families.
a lifetime limit of five years for welfare payments to eligible families.
According to a national survey, ______ of those polled oppose women's right to a legal abortion under all circumstances. about half almost all a small percentage none
a small percentage
A person loudly proclaims that, "all black people are lazy, shiftless, and collect welfare." This is an example of racial development. a stereotype. racial formation. the "one-drop rule."
a stereotype.
Which of the following defines minority groups? a group that is set apart from others because members possess physical differences that have taken on social significance a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than members of a dominant group have over theirs a group that has recently arrived in their current nation of residence and has relatively few members
a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than members of a dominant group have over theirs
World systems analysis refers to the belief that proletarian nations would eventually come to dominate all bourgeois nations. an opinion that world peace would result from many types of nations creating a system to interact with one another. the view of global economics that states that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability. a view of global economics as a system divided between wealth-controlling industrialized nations and controlled developing countries.
a view of global economics as a system divided between wealth-controlling industrialized nations and controlled developing countries.
One commonly used measure of ______ is the federal government's poverty line. relative poverty absolute poverty national poverty regional poverty
absolute poverty
According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that along with its corporations, controls and exploits noncore nations' economies. has a marginal economic status and is dependent upon outside control. is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. neither exploits nor is exploited by other nations.
along with its corporations, controls and exploits noncore nations' economies
The most important accomplishment of the first wave of feminist activists was to secure a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote. True False
amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote. True
Dependency theory is defined as an approach proposing that modernization and development will lessen the dependency of peripheral nations. a process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. an approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. the philosophy that no nation can survive isolated from the rest of the world.
an approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
Pluralism in the United States is considered a social norm. an ideal more than a reality. a current trend. a common social practice.
an ideal more than a reality.
Which of the following would not be an example of symbolic ethnicity? a person of Italian descent who likes going to an Italian bakery, but does not speak Italian or practice any traditional Italian customs. a vague concern by Jewish Americans about the political situation in Israel an immigrant from India who wears traditional dress and takes her children to India on an annual basis an Irish American who, to try something new, attends a saints' feast in an Irish American neighborhood
an immigrant from India who wears traditional dress and takes her children to India on an annual basis
A broader definition of transgender as given by Susan Stryker describes it as appearing to be one sex but identify with the gender of another. anything that disrupts or denaturalizes normative gender. an either-or designation of gender. All of the answers are correct.
anything that disrupts or denaturalizes normative gender.
The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as institutional discrimination. apartheid. Jim Crow. segregation.
apartheid.
Mexican schoolchildren are taught that the election of Benito Juárez as president in the 19th century proves that all Mexicans should support the Catholic church. are equal. need to resist racial discrimination. should emigrate to the United States.
are equal.
An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ______ status. ascribed achieved horizontal structural
ascribed
Caste membership is a(n) achieved status. ascribed status. vertical status. horizontal status.
ascribed status.
Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the United States, insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian, even in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of amalgamation. pluralism. the contact hypothesis. assimilation.
assimilation.
Achieved status is a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique talents or characteristics. assigned to an individual at birth. given to an individual based upon age, race, or gender.
attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
The likelihood of ending up in the same economic position as your parents has ______ since about 1980. been falling been rising stayed about the same depended upon your economic class
been rising
According to a study of relationship values, which group views faithfulness in a relationship as least important? straight men straight women gay men bisexual men
bisexual men
Which term did Marx use to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of production? bourgeoisie proletariat peasantry gentry
bourgeoisie
Modernization refers to the process by which nations move from industrial forms of social organization to deindustrialized forms of social organization. by which nations move from traditional forms of social organization toward forms characteristic of post-Industrial Revolution societies. through which colonized nations move away from the influence of colonizing nations and return to their traditional forms. process of development shared only by the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan.
by which nations move from traditional forms of social organization toward forms characteristic of post-Industrial Revolution societies.
In the southern United States during the pre-Civil Rights era, African Americans were born into a status where they arguably would always be subordinate to the status of all of the white members of the community. This would be an example of a(n) estate system. class system. caste system. feudal system.
caste system.
Which of the following terms is used to refer to hereditary ranks that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally dictated by religion? tenure slavery castes class
castes
A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented and as an adult, becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system? caste class estate slavery
class
Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were distinct components of stratification? conformity, deviance, and social control class, status, and party class, caste, and age class, prestige, and esteem
class, status, and party
Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n) open stratification system. closed stratification system. egalitarian class system. fractured class system.
closed stratification system.
Amalgamation refers to the process of combining a majority group and a minority group biologically to form a new group. systematically removing a group of people from society. deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation. a person forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.
combining a majority group and a minority group biologically to form a new group.
In resisting segregation, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), founded by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was best known for its commitment to nonviolent civil disobedience. use of lawsuits in the courts. strategy of running candidates for public office. adherence to the philosophy of Black power.
commitment to nonviolent civil disobedience.
A new model of sexuality presents it as a(n) either-or designation. social construct. continuum. personal choice.
continuum.
According to world systems analysis, which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control? core periphery semiperiphery marginal
core
W.E.B. Du Bois argued that that enslaved Blacks were in an even more oppressive situation than other subordinate groups because they could not own property and they could not pass on the benefits of their labor to their children. possessed little wealth, income, or prospects for advancement within the workplace. often failed to receive the reparations for slavery that were rightfully owed to them by former slave owners. they were the subjects of institutional discrimination and unwanted assimilation.
could not own property and they could not pass on the benefits of their labor to their children.
The view that more "primitive" nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed, more "civilized" Western nations indicates dependency theory. regional analysis. cultural imperialism. colonialism.
cultural imperialism.
The impact of education on mobility has ______ over the past decade. increased decreased stayed the same been marginal
decreased
Genocide refers to the process of forcibly combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. expelling a group of people from a territory. deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation. requiring people to forsake a cultural identity in favor of a different culture.
deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation.
Denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons is known as stereotyping. ethnocentrism. discrimination. segregation.
discrimination.
The term used to describe a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests is subversive ideology. class consciousness. false consciousness. dominant ideology.
dominant ideology.
A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on age. race. economic position. religious and ethnic background.
economic position.
From 1850 to 1880, Chinese were ______ to immigrate to the United States. discouraged prohibited encouraged allowed
encouraged
A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection was known as a(n) estate system. slavery system. caste system. class system.
estate system
Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation? power esteem prestige status
esteem
Which of the following terms was introduced to the world in the 1990s as a result of the actions that led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina? anti-globalization universal human rights ethnic cleansing genocide
ethnic cleansing
Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart minority groups. ethnic groups. racial groups. status groups.
ethnic groups.
Many sociologists note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n) ______ bias. economic class ethnocentric gender
ethnocentric
Heternormativity is considered a form of neocolonialism. sexism. ethnocentrism. economic hegemony.
ethnocentrism.
Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey. He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter, which includes a large number of family members and large amounts of food consumed during a long dinner, is a better way to celebrate this holiday than how others celebrate Easter. This example demonstrates prejudice. ethnocentrism. discrimination. pluralism.
ethnocentrism.
Critics of modernization suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits. promote rapid development in developing nations. cause the deaths of more workers than they help. greatly improve the lives of local workers.
exploit local workers to maximize profits.
Which of the following concepts views prejudice and discrimination as basic parts of capitalism? modernization theory industrialization theory exploitation theory discrimination theory
exploitation theory
A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool. This sociologist is most likely to draw upon discrimination theory. modernization theory. exploitation theory. labeling theory.
exploitation theory.
Recent Chinese immigrants to the United States often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown. They work 16 or more hours a day in these sweatshops and earn less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate institutional discrimination. exploitation theory. labeling theory. racial profiling.
exploitation theory.
Melanie bears primary responsibility in the family for making sure that conflicts within the family are resolved and maintaining internal emotional affairs. That makes her the ______ leader of the family. expressive domestic instrumental internal
expressive
In Karl Marx's view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed bourgeoisie consciousness. class consciousness. false consciousness. caste consciousness.
false consciousness.
The U.S. government delivers far fewer total aid dollars than any other industrial nation. far more total aid dollars than any other industrial nation. about the same amount of total aid dollars as other industrial nations. more total aid dollars than some industrial nations, but not as much as others.
far more total aid dollars than any other industrial nation.
Which of the following is a controversial practice that has been condemned by Western nations as a human rights abuse, but also has been defended on the grounds of cultural relativism? quincea-era rituals male circumcision female genital mutilation ritual tattooing
female genital mutilation
When it comes to same-sex experiences for people under 24 males have a greater likelihood of having had same-sex contact. females have a higher likelihood of having had same-sex contact. the likelihood of males and females having had same sex contact is approximately the same. females become more likely than males to have had same-sex contact as they get older.
females have a higher likelihood of having had same-sex contact.
Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? sex roles gender roles Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
gender roles
A man who dresses as a drag queen may be seen as violating appropriate sex roles. gender roles. Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
gender roles.
Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations? glass ceiling glass escalator glass elevator None of the answers is correct.
glass escalator
In the weeks immediately following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the far-reaching economic repercussions began to affect businesses and workers worldwide. This phenomenon can best be explained by globalization. world systems analysis. modernization theory. neocolonialism.
globalization.
Women in the Mexican labor force have decreased in numbers since 1980. have increased in numbers since 1980. possess more opportunities than women in industrial nations. typically earn more than their counterparts in industrial nations.
have increased in numbers since 1980
Sociologists refer to the cultural presupposition that sexual relationships should exist between a man and a woman and that alternate sexualities are deviant, abnormal, or wrong, as heterosexuality homophobia heteronormativity homonormativity
heteronormativity
A bus driver who becomes a hotel clerk, moving from one social position to another of approximately the same social rank, is an example of vertical mobility. ascribed status. horizontal mobility. structural mobility.
horizontal mobility.
Each year, human trafficking transports ______ of men, women, and children across international borders for slavery and sexual exploitation. less than a thousand millions a few thousand hundreds of thousands
hundreds of thousands
In a nationwide survey of the U.S., the majority of respondents said that the mother should always be the parent who stays home with children. the father should never be the parent who stays home with children. if one parent stays home, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father. stay-at-home mothers are better for children than stay-at-home fathers.
if one parent stays home, it makes no difference whether it is the mother or the father.
A panhandler makes $15 to $20 per day on the streets. This is his status. prestige. income. wealth.
income.
Which of the following corresponds to greater control over fertility by women? increased opportunities for self-determination for women decreased opportunities for self-determination for women an increased likelihood that the birthrate will skyrocket a decreased likelihood of extending basic human rights to women
increased opportunities for self-determination for women
Sociologists studying the effects of foreign investment by multinationals have found that such investment ______ economic inequality within developing nations. decreases increases initially decreases but eventually increases does not affect
initially decreases but eventually increases
A gym buys uniforms for its employees. All of the uniforms are in a men's large, and the gym hires only people who will comfortably fit into the uniforms. As a result of this policy, the gym does not hire any women. This would be an example of legal discrimination. the glass escalator. institutional discrimination. gender construction.
institutional discrimination
Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Congress passed a law that said that all airport screeners must be U.S. citizens. A significant percentage of this group was made up of legal residents who were not citizens. They were also disproportionally Latino, Black, and Asian. The citizenship requirement was not in place for other airport positions, including pilots, cabin attendants, and armed National Guardsmen. This law was an example of prejudice. stereotyping. institutional discrimination. All of the answers are correct.
institutional discrimination.
The global debt crisis has ______ the dependency of emerging nations. intensified diminished mitigated hidden
intensified
A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced intragenerational mobility. horizontal mobility. intergenerational mobility. institutional mobility.
intergenerational mobility.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights set a specific standard for acceptable behavior around the world, but in practice, it is rarely enforced. interpretation still plays a role. it was unnecessary. it only applies to developing nations.
interpretation still plays a role.
A man who loses his job as a top stockbroker and takes part-time accounting work has experienced intragenerational mobility. horizontal mobility. intergenerational mobility. institutional mobility.
intragenerational mobility.
According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically. has a marginal economic status, but dominates some less-powerful nations. is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. is physically located near a core country.
is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
Wealth in the United States is primarily in the hands of the fourth quintile. is even more unevenly distributed than income. refers to liquid assets like cash and stocks. refers to money received over a period of time.
is even more unevenly distributed than income.
Which of the following issues has been gaining awareness as an aspect of universal human rights in recent decades? women's rights children's rights lesbian and gay rights men's rights
lesbian and gay rights
Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as power. wealth. life chances. status.
life chances
In Karl Marx's view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the media. means of economic production. political system. religious institutions.
means of economic production.
The belief that Asian Americans are a model minority group accurately reflects their superior economic status. minimizes the degree of diversity within this population. reflects the lack of economic achievement by other minority groups. All of the answers are correct.
minimizes the degree of diversity within this population.
Supporters of ______ believe that the relationship between multinational corporations and developing countries is mutually beneficial. internationalism modernization world systems analysis industrialization
modernization
What term does sociologist R. W. Connell use to mean that men learn and play a range of gender roles? cultural masculinities multiple masculinities gendered masculinities None of the answers is correct.
multiple masculinities
For the most part, the impact of modernization in developing countries has not had a positive effect on the social standing and mobility of women. increased the role of women in food production. strengthened women's economic status but weakened their political status. strengthened the family as an economic and social support network.
not had a positive effect on the social standing and mobility of women.
Which of the following is a true statement about social mobility in the United States? Occupational mobility has been common among males. Much of the social mobility in the United States is significant. Intergenerational mobility is far more significant than intragenerational mobility. All of the answers are correct.
occupational mobility has been common among males.
Acts of racial profiling are always illegal. often initiated by law enforcement officers. always opposed by the American public. always opposed by law enforcement officials.
often initiated by law enforcement officers.
Efforts to protect human rights most often originate from inside the governments of developing nations with histories of human rights violations. spontaneously out of indigenous movements within developing nations. out of social movements designed to exert social, economic, and political pressure to effect change. All of the answers are correct.
out of social movements designed to exert social, economic, and political pressure to effect change.
Max Weber defined ______ as the capacity to organize to accomplish some particular goal. control status class party
party
Which component of Weber's stratification system is exemplified by the Civil Rights movement in the United States? party class status All of the answers are correct.
party
Prestige refers to the reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. ability to exercise one's will over others. respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society. people who have similar levels of wealth and income.
people who have similar levels of wealth and income
Segregation refers to the act of deliberately and systematically removing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group from a society. physically separating two groups; it is often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. combining a majority and a minority group through systematic intermarriage. denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons.
physically separating two groups; it is often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
In national surveys of occupational prestige rankings in the United States, ______ receive the highest score and ______ receive the lowest score. librarians; janitors sociologists; street-corner drug dealers physicians; car washers dentists; waiters and waitresses
physicians; car washers
Which of the following defines affirmative action? admitting larger numbers of minorities to colleges based solely on their academic qualifications hiring larger numbers of minorities for executive positions based on their work experience and educational histories. positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities allowing minority group members or women to receive jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities in larger numbers
positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that poverty is nationalized. poverty is relative. being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries. All of the answers are correct.
poverty is relative.
Since 1960, the federal government's count of Native Americans has remained roughly the same. declined by 20%. increased by 20%. quadrupled.
quadrupled.
A sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed is known as racial formation. racial development. cultural racism. the racial cycle.
racial formation.
What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? ethnic group racial group minority group status group
racial group
The practice of assuming that people who fit certain descriptions are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as discrimination. racial profiling. institutionalized stereotyping. prejudice.
racial profiling.
Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole? absolute poverty elementary poverty relative poverty regional poverty
relative poverty
The division between core and periphery nations is both significant and constantly changing. slight and unstable. significant and remarkably stable. minor and growing.
significant and remarkably stable.
The stories of Grayer and Sima are intended to show how nationality affects our lives. gender affects our lives. social class affects our lives. age affects our lives.
social class affects our lives.
Industrial nations tend to have greater ______ than developing nations. social mobility child mortality poor populations disease prevalence
social mobility
Material, social, and cultural resources all shape the positions we occupy and influence our likelihood for social status. social satisfaction. social control. social mobility.
social mobility.
A measure of social class that is based on income, education, occupation, and related variables is referred to as socioeconomic status. prestige. status. esteem.
socioeconomic status.f
Every evening at a neighborhood bar, the clientele, which consists of construction workers, plumbers, and factory workers, watches sporting events on a big screen television set and plays pool. The people who hang out in this bar are an example of a status group. power group. class. caste.
status group.
According to a study of relationship values, which group views love and faithfulness in a relationship as most important? straight men straight women gay men lesbian women
straight women
Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? socialization stratification social structure status
stratification
Expulsion refers to the process of forcibly combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. systematically removing a group of people from a society. deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation. requiring people to forsake a cultural identity in favor of a different culture.
systematically removing a group of people from a society.
Which of the following is connected to differences in sexuality? systems of race systems of power systems of class systems of ethnicity
systems of power
The single most unifying force among Arabs is the Arabic language. their adherence to Islam. their common cultural heritage. their common political views.
the Arabic language.
Which of the following represents a new area of institutional discrimination in the United States? the real estate industry the No Child Left Behind Act governing public education the Aviation and Transportation Security Act governing airport screeners the banking industry
the Aviation and Transportation Security Act governing airport screeners
In which of the following countries have women moved to the forefront of indigenous people's political movements? Japan the Philippines China South Vietnam
the Philippines
Which of the following best defines racism? the belief that one race is supreme and that others are innately inferior the tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes the systematic subordination of an entire people or nation the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals because of prejudice
the belief that one race is supreme and that others are innately inferior
Which of the following would be an example of neocolonialism? French control over North Africa from the late nineteenth until the middle of the twentieth century the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 the continuing dependence of developing nations on the economic resources of core nations the German occupation of France, Belgium, and Poland during World War II
the continuing dependence of developing nations on the economic resources of core nations
Which group is at the top of the color hierarchy in Mexico? the mestizos the criollos the Mexican Indians the Incas
the criollos
The 2011 famine in Africa was a reflection of a global shortage of food production. a refusal by people in the poorest nations to work. the failure to effectively allocate available food globally. poor agricultural planning in the affected countries.
the failure to effectively allocate available food globally.
Since World War II, an increasing proportion of the poor in the United States are women. What is this trend called? the feminization of poverty matriarchal poverty Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct.
the feminization of poverty
In large developing nations, the most socially significant mobility is the movement out of poverty. the employment of women. property ownership. the move toward the nuclear family.
the movement out of poverty.
Which of the following is not a reason for the shrinking middle class? disappearing opportunities for people with little education global competition the rise of heavy industry an increase in nonunion workplaces
the rise of heavy industry
Which of the following historical tragedies offers an extreme example of the impact of social class on life chances? the terrorist attacks of 9/11 the battle of Gettysburg the sinking of the Titanic the sniper attacks in the Washington, D.C., area References
the sinking of the Titanic
A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would be unlikely to reduce prejudice because of the difference in their ages. the two people do not have equal status. sexism is operating as well as racism. All of the answers are correct.
the two people do not have equal status.
A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter are an example of the underclass. the welfare class. the working class. the middle class.
the underclass.
Which of the following terms describe those who appear to be one sex but identify with the gender of another? bisexual homosexual transgender transvestite
transgender
In the five-class model sociologists commonly use to describe the U.S. class system, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? lower class lower-middle class working class upper class
upper class
An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and playing in every game he can. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is an example of vertical mobility. ascribed status. horizontal mobility. structural mobility.
vertical mobility
A well-known Hollywood actress owns a home in Beverly Hills and another one on the French Riviera. She owns her own movie production company along with a large portfolio of stocks. The total of the different things she owns is considered her income. caste. esteem. wealth.
wealth
According to anthropologist Karuna Chanana Ahmed, who are the most exploited among oppressed people in developing countries? young children men women the elderly
women
According to Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales, the expressive role is naturally performed by ______, but contemporary sociologists now argue that such roles are men; innate. women; social constructs. both men and women; biologically determined. whichever adult has a career; innate.
women; social constructs.