Social 7 "Voices and Visions" Final Exam Review

oral culture

information memorized and passed down from generation to generation.

traditional teaching

passed from generation to generation that help explain the relationships among plants, animals land people and the spirit world.

Seigneurs

nobles who rented land to farmers in turn for crop

indigenous

original people of the land

Sovereignty

tightened control of a colony by the country under its control

alliance

union in which groups agree to trade and help each other resolve disputes

Quebecois

Francophones of Quebec origin or residents of Quebec

Franco-Manitoban

Francophones that live in Manitoba

Clan Mother

the head of longhouse

coureurs de bois

"runners of the woods" married the First Nations women and became parents to the first Metis

The Thirteen Colonies

13 separate colonies along the eastern coast of the present-day United States. (New England)

Courier du Bois

A "runner of the woods"; an independent trader

Nor'westers

A North West company employee

Roman Catholic Missionaries

A Roman Catholic priest who travels for the purpose of religious charity work and promotion of religion, built churches and schools, arrived in the west in 1818

Quarantine Station

A building or area where people suspected of carrying a contagious illness are kept so that they will not infect a population

Reformers

A group of radicals in Upper Canada who wanted governmental reform leading up to the rebellions of 1837

Superficial Characteristics

A noticeable rather than meaningful feature

Refugees

A person who flees to a country because he/she can no longer live safely in his/her own country because of war, torture, famine, or persecution

Merchant

A person who makes money by selling goods

Religion

A personal or institutionalized belief system

Northwest Company

A second fur trading company which rivalled the HBC. Owned PRIVATELY by the French.

Underground Railway

A secret network that transported enslaved African American escapees to the British colonies where they could be free

seigneurial system

A social system based on nobles (or seigneurs) who rented land to farmers (or habitants); the habitants had to give seigneurs a portion of their annual crop and pay other fees, and the seigneurs had to build a mill and a church on their land for the farmers

Economy

A system for producing and distributing goods, and services to fulfill people's wants

Rupert's Land

A vast territory named after Prince Rupert, the first head of the Hudson's Bay Company, consisting of most of what is now Western and Northern Canada

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. Started because the Americans wished to conquer the British.

Culture

A way of life or a way of being that is shared by a group of people.

Radisson + Des Groseillers

Courers de bois searching for the sea to the north (Hudson Bay) believing they would find a new supply of furs.

world view

All core values together.

Mercantalism

An economic system in which raw goods were harvested and sent to the "home country," processed, and sent back to the colony to be sold as finished goods

Battle on the Plains of Abraham

An important battle during the Seven Years War (1756-1763) where the French were overpowered by the British, had to turn over their supply ships, and eventually surrendered the colony of New France into British rule.

Cree

An indigenous nation in Northwestern Canada

United Empire Loyalists

An inhabitant of the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution and fled to the British North American colonies after 1776

Samuel de Champlain

Built alliances with Montagnais and Algonquin nations at Quebec, and the Wendat nation near the Great Lakes.

FIRST NATIONS

Canada's Indigenous people

The Three Sisters

Corn Beans and Squash.

Confederation

Created the safety of a large union, but gave provinces the rights to govern their own issues and affairs.

Reciprocity

Fish, timber and grain could flow both ways across the border free of any import taxes between the colonies and the United States

Active Citizenship

Learning about what's going on in your community, your country and in the world.

Accommodation

Leaving people alone and not changing their religion, language, and customs

Major General James Wolf

Led the British armies to battle on the plains of Abraham

Maritime colonies

New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland

First 4 Canadian provinces in 1867

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Canada East, Canada West

House of Commons

One of the levels of government in Parliament, they were elected representatives, based on representation by population,

Traitors

One who betrays one's country, a cause, or a trust

Bias

Personal like or dislike of something or someone that is not necessarily based on fact.

Red River Resistance

The 1869 moment in history where the Metis habitants of Red River, Manitoba resisted against Europeans settling in their territory. They were causing their buffalo to go extinct, and learned from the settlements of the British + French on the east coast

The Great Deportation 1755

The French inhabitants of the province shall be removed out of the country as soon as possible.

British North America Act

The agreement where Canada became a country + remained part of the British Empire. The British monarch was labelled as Canada's head of state, and the Federal-Provincial government levels were created.

Royal Proclamation 1763

The agreement where the British gained total control over all New France colonies, which eventually transitioned into "British North America". Anglophones loved this, Francophones did not!

Quebec act of 1774

The agreement where the British gave Francophone people back their rights, which they felt were taken away in the Seven Year War (1756-1763). This allowed for Quebec to expand as a strong French nation once again!

Alberta Act, Saskatchewan Act

The agreement where the Canadian government paid off the debts of these regions, which led them to agree to join Confederation. It was a win-win for the Canadian Government + both Alberta/Saskatchewan.

Chateau Clique

The anglophone friends and relatives of the governor of lower Canada who were also Executive or Legislative Council members

Family Compact

The anglophone friends and relatives of the governor of upper Canada who were also Executive or Legislative Council members

Red River settlement

The area occupied by the Metis in modern day Manitoba

Bishop

The head of the church in the colony

Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)

The oldest retail corporation in North America. Once a major player in the fur trade, it is still in business today as a department store. Was owned PUBLICALLY by the British Government.

Deportation

The removal from a country of an alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial.

American Revolution

The war in which American colonists fought for independence from Great Britain. This war eventually caused many people to flee the Thirteen Colonies and move to Upper/Lower Canada. This was a building block for CONFEDERATION (1867).

Act of Union

This act united Upper and Lower Canada into one colony. Tried to end any chance of Assimilation!

Conflict

a struggle for power and property

Neutral

To not pick a side- choosing not to fight for one side or another

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice

Second Metis Uprising of 1885

Was resistance that turned into a bloody uprising! It was caused by Métis and First Nations issues being ignored again, but this finally pushed them over the edge.

The Great Law of Peace

Where the Iroquois Confederacy Nations decided to put their differences aside, bury their weapons, and work together through CONSENSUS

Democracy

a system of government in which the people of a nation are involved in decision making

Provisional Government

a temporary government established by the people in an area

Provisional government

a temporary government formed when no other authority can establish legitimate control

Canadiens

a Francophone descendant of the settlers of New France living anywhere in North America, including in the West

York boats

a boat used by the Metis to transport furs; it replaced the canoe as the main means of transportation on western rivers and lakes, needed 6-8 rowers

Superpower

a country that is more powerful than almost all other countries. They dominate world affairs. Example in the 1700s : France and England

Bill of Rights

a document created by the Metis Provisional Government and presented to the government of Canada that requested that Metis receive the rights enjoyed by other Canadians

Representative Democracy

a form of government in which citizens elect people to make decisions for them: the representatives make laws that are in the best interest of the people

Compromise

a method of resolving a disagreement whereby everyone gives up a little to get an agreement they can all live with

Reserves

a parcel of land that the government agreed to set aside for the exclusive use of a First Nation

Francophone

a person who's first language is French

Surveyor

a person whose job is to divide and mark land into separate pieces of property

Bilingualism

a policy of recognizing two official languages: French and English

Assimilation

a process by which culture or individual is absorbed into a more dominant culture because of its overwhelming influence

Uprising

a rebellion, when a group of people revolt against the government

Colony

a territory of land that is controlled by another country.

Competition

act of competing with others for profit or a prize

Manifest Destiny

an American belief that it is the natural right of the United States to control all of North America

consensus

an agreement reached by a group as a whole

Fortress of Louisbourg

area remaining under French control under the Treaty of Utrecht

Treason

betrayal against your own country

Metis

children of First Nations women and European men who came to North America to explore and trade furs

Federal Powers

defence, post office, trade and commerce, weights and measures, currency, tax, navigation, fisheries, copyright, banking, First Nations, criminal law, naturalization, marriage and divorce, residual powers

Diverse

different; varied

Pemmican

dried, shredded buffalo meat mixed with fat and berries

Representation by Population

elected members all represent the same number of people, the large the population the more representatives

CONSENSUS

everyone discussed the issue until all members agreed on what to do. eg)

matrilineal

head of each longhouse was a woman

core values

important ideas or beliefs about how people should live.

Responsible Government

in Canada, a government (cabinet) that must answer to elected representatives

Iroquois Confederacy

included Seneca, Cayuga, onondaga Oneida and Mohawk

Municipal Government

local government

Voyageur

men who carried goods between fur trading posts in New France. Basically they were New France's version of modern day truck drivers.

Elders

most respected members of Aboriginal communities.

Migrated

movement of people within a country

Migration

moving from one area to another

empires

networks of colonies controlled by a single country, sometimes called the home country

sovereign

people who govern themselves independent of the country they live in.

Provincial Government

property and civil rights, education, local works, highways, hospitals, municipalities, courts, provincial and local police

Governor General

represents the British Monarch in Canada, since 1935 has been chosen by the Prime Minister

citizens

responsible, contributing members of a country or a colony

clans

small villages of extended families

imperialism

system of countries extending their control over other nations. The creation of an empire, or network of colonies,by a powerful home country.

French Canadian

term used to identify Francophone citizens of Canada

July 1, 1867

the Dominion of Canada was created, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act (BNA Act)

Ethnocentric

the belief in the superiority of one's race or ethnic group; a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one's own.

Demographics

the characteristics of the people of a particular place, include information such as the number of people in a town, and the ratio of male to female residents

Acadians

the descendants of French colonists who settled in the region now known as NEW ENGLAND

Export

the exchange of goods and services to other countries

Economics

the financial (money) considerations in a specific area

Epidemic

the infection of a large population by a disease

Cabinet

the prime minister and the heads of the departments eg Ministers of Fisheries, Health, Defence, etc

Identity

the set of characteristics and values you use to express who you are

Collective identity

the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of the common language and culture

Monopoly

when only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area

Haudenosaunee nations

• 6 Nations • One of the early farming economies on Canadian soil. • Housed multiple families in big Longhouses, where Clan Mothers ran the house. • Lived in proximity to the St. Lawrence River

Mi'kmaq

• Lived in what is now Eastern Canada • Territories are divided into family clans • The government consisted of a Grand Council • A Hunter Gatherer + Farming Economy • Strong connection to nature

Anishinabe

• Lived primarily in Ontario and Manitoba • Lived their lives according to seven main values • Believed in equality and balance for men and women • Harvested wild rice, they were a farming economy • Clans were named after animals