Social 7 "Voices and Visions" Final Exam Review
oral culture
information memorized and passed down from generation to generation.
traditional teaching
passed from generation to generation that help explain the relationships among plants, animals land people and the spirit world.
Seigneurs
nobles who rented land to farmers in turn for crop
indigenous
original people of the land
Sovereignty
tightened control of a colony by the country under its control
alliance
union in which groups agree to trade and help each other resolve disputes
Quebecois
Francophones of Quebec origin or residents of Quebec
Franco-Manitoban
Francophones that live in Manitoba
Clan Mother
the head of longhouse
coureurs de bois
"runners of the woods" married the First Nations women and became parents to the first Metis
The Thirteen Colonies
13 separate colonies along the eastern coast of the present-day United States. (New England)
Courier du Bois
A "runner of the woods"; an independent trader
Nor'westers
A North West company employee
Roman Catholic Missionaries
A Roman Catholic priest who travels for the purpose of religious charity work and promotion of religion, built churches and schools, arrived in the west in 1818
Quarantine Station
A building or area where people suspected of carrying a contagious illness are kept so that they will not infect a population
Reformers
A group of radicals in Upper Canada who wanted governmental reform leading up to the rebellions of 1837
Superficial Characteristics
A noticeable rather than meaningful feature
Refugees
A person who flees to a country because he/she can no longer live safely in his/her own country because of war, torture, famine, or persecution
Merchant
A person who makes money by selling goods
Religion
A personal or institutionalized belief system
Northwest Company
A second fur trading company which rivalled the HBC. Owned PRIVATELY by the French.
Underground Railway
A secret network that transported enslaved African American escapees to the British colonies where they could be free
seigneurial system
A social system based on nobles (or seigneurs) who rented land to farmers (or habitants); the habitants had to give seigneurs a portion of their annual crop and pay other fees, and the seigneurs had to build a mill and a church on their land for the farmers
Economy
A system for producing and distributing goods, and services to fulfill people's wants
Rupert's Land
A vast territory named after Prince Rupert, the first head of the Hudson's Bay Company, consisting of most of what is now Western and Northern Canada
War of 1812
A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. Started because the Americans wished to conquer the British.
Culture
A way of life or a way of being that is shared by a group of people.
Radisson + Des Groseillers
Courers de bois searching for the sea to the north (Hudson Bay) believing they would find a new supply of furs.
world view
All core values together.
Mercantalism
An economic system in which raw goods were harvested and sent to the "home country," processed, and sent back to the colony to be sold as finished goods
Battle on the Plains of Abraham
An important battle during the Seven Years War (1756-1763) where the French were overpowered by the British, had to turn over their supply ships, and eventually surrendered the colony of New France into British rule.
Cree
An indigenous nation in Northwestern Canada
United Empire Loyalists
An inhabitant of the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution and fled to the British North American colonies after 1776
Samuel de Champlain
Built alliances with Montagnais and Algonquin nations at Quebec, and the Wendat nation near the Great Lakes.
FIRST NATIONS
Canada's Indigenous people
The Three Sisters
Corn Beans and Squash.
Confederation
Created the safety of a large union, but gave provinces the rights to govern their own issues and affairs.
Reciprocity
Fish, timber and grain could flow both ways across the border free of any import taxes between the colonies and the United States
Active Citizenship
Learning about what's going on in your community, your country and in the world.
Accommodation
Leaving people alone and not changing their religion, language, and customs
Major General James Wolf
Led the British armies to battle on the plains of Abraham
Maritime colonies
New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland
First 4 Canadian provinces in 1867
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Canada East, Canada West
House of Commons
One of the levels of government in Parliament, they were elected representatives, based on representation by population,
Traitors
One who betrays one's country, a cause, or a trust
Bias
Personal like or dislike of something or someone that is not necessarily based on fact.
Red River Resistance
The 1869 moment in history where the Metis habitants of Red River, Manitoba resisted against Europeans settling in their territory. They were causing their buffalo to go extinct, and learned from the settlements of the British + French on the east coast
The Great Deportation 1755
The French inhabitants of the province shall be removed out of the country as soon as possible.
British North America Act
The agreement where Canada became a country + remained part of the British Empire. The British monarch was labelled as Canada's head of state, and the Federal-Provincial government levels were created.
Royal Proclamation 1763
The agreement where the British gained total control over all New France colonies, which eventually transitioned into "British North America". Anglophones loved this, Francophones did not!
Quebec act of 1774
The agreement where the British gave Francophone people back their rights, which they felt were taken away in the Seven Year War (1756-1763). This allowed for Quebec to expand as a strong French nation once again!
Alberta Act, Saskatchewan Act
The agreement where the Canadian government paid off the debts of these regions, which led them to agree to join Confederation. It was a win-win for the Canadian Government + both Alberta/Saskatchewan.
Chateau Clique
The anglophone friends and relatives of the governor of lower Canada who were also Executive or Legislative Council members
Family Compact
The anglophone friends and relatives of the governor of upper Canada who were also Executive or Legislative Council members
Red River settlement
The area occupied by the Metis in modern day Manitoba
Bishop
The head of the church in the colony
Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)
The oldest retail corporation in North America. Once a major player in the fur trade, it is still in business today as a department store. Was owned PUBLICALLY by the British Government.
Deportation
The removal from a country of an alien whose presence is unlawful or prejudicial.
American Revolution
The war in which American colonists fought for independence from Great Britain. This war eventually caused many people to flee the Thirteen Colonies and move to Upper/Lower Canada. This was a building block for CONFEDERATION (1867).
Act of Union
This act united Upper and Lower Canada into one colony. Tried to end any chance of Assimilation!
Conflict
a struggle for power and property
Neutral
To not pick a side- choosing not to fight for one side or another
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
Second Metis Uprising of 1885
Was resistance that turned into a bloody uprising! It was caused by Métis and First Nations issues being ignored again, but this finally pushed them over the edge.
The Great Law of Peace
Where the Iroquois Confederacy Nations decided to put their differences aside, bury their weapons, and work together through CONSENSUS
Democracy
a system of government in which the people of a nation are involved in decision making
Provisional Government
a temporary government established by the people in an area
Provisional government
a temporary government formed when no other authority can establish legitimate control
Canadiens
a Francophone descendant of the settlers of New France living anywhere in North America, including in the West
York boats
a boat used by the Metis to transport furs; it replaced the canoe as the main means of transportation on western rivers and lakes, needed 6-8 rowers
Superpower
a country that is more powerful than almost all other countries. They dominate world affairs. Example in the 1700s : France and England
Bill of Rights
a document created by the Metis Provisional Government and presented to the government of Canada that requested that Metis receive the rights enjoyed by other Canadians
Representative Democracy
a form of government in which citizens elect people to make decisions for them: the representatives make laws that are in the best interest of the people
Compromise
a method of resolving a disagreement whereby everyone gives up a little to get an agreement they can all live with
Reserves
a parcel of land that the government agreed to set aside for the exclusive use of a First Nation
Francophone
a person who's first language is French
Surveyor
a person whose job is to divide and mark land into separate pieces of property
Bilingualism
a policy of recognizing two official languages: French and English
Assimilation
a process by which culture or individual is absorbed into a more dominant culture because of its overwhelming influence
Uprising
a rebellion, when a group of people revolt against the government
Colony
a territory of land that is controlled by another country.
Competition
act of competing with others for profit or a prize
Manifest Destiny
an American belief that it is the natural right of the United States to control all of North America
consensus
an agreement reached by a group as a whole
Fortress of Louisbourg
area remaining under French control under the Treaty of Utrecht
Treason
betrayal against your own country
Metis
children of First Nations women and European men who came to North America to explore and trade furs
Federal Powers
defence, post office, trade and commerce, weights and measures, currency, tax, navigation, fisheries, copyright, banking, First Nations, criminal law, naturalization, marriage and divorce, residual powers
Diverse
different; varied
Pemmican
dried, shredded buffalo meat mixed with fat and berries
Representation by Population
elected members all represent the same number of people, the large the population the more representatives
CONSENSUS
everyone discussed the issue until all members agreed on what to do. eg)
matrilineal
head of each longhouse was a woman
core values
important ideas or beliefs about how people should live.
Responsible Government
in Canada, a government (cabinet) that must answer to elected representatives
Iroquois Confederacy
included Seneca, Cayuga, onondaga Oneida and Mohawk
Municipal Government
local government
Voyageur
men who carried goods between fur trading posts in New France. Basically they were New France's version of modern day truck drivers.
Elders
most respected members of Aboriginal communities.
Migrated
movement of people within a country
Migration
moving from one area to another
empires
networks of colonies controlled by a single country, sometimes called the home country
sovereign
people who govern themselves independent of the country they live in.
Provincial Government
property and civil rights, education, local works, highways, hospitals, municipalities, courts, provincial and local police
Governor General
represents the British Monarch in Canada, since 1935 has been chosen by the Prime Minister
citizens
responsible, contributing members of a country or a colony
clans
small villages of extended families
imperialism
system of countries extending their control over other nations. The creation of an empire, or network of colonies,by a powerful home country.
French Canadian
term used to identify Francophone citizens of Canada
July 1, 1867
the Dominion of Canada was created, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act (BNA Act)
Ethnocentric
the belief in the superiority of one's race or ethnic group; a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one's own.
Demographics
the characteristics of the people of a particular place, include information such as the number of people in a town, and the ratio of male to female residents
Acadians
the descendants of French colonists who settled in the region now known as NEW ENGLAND
Export
the exchange of goods and services to other countries
Economics
the financial (money) considerations in a specific area
Epidemic
the infection of a large population by a disease
Cabinet
the prime minister and the heads of the departments eg Ministers of Fisheries, Health, Defence, etc
Identity
the set of characteristics and values you use to express who you are
Collective identity
the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of the common language and culture
Monopoly
when only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area
Haudenosaunee nations
• 6 Nations • One of the early farming economies on Canadian soil. • Housed multiple families in big Longhouses, where Clan Mothers ran the house. • Lived in proximity to the St. Lawrence River
Mi'kmaq
• Lived in what is now Eastern Canada • Territories are divided into family clans • The government consisted of a Grand Council • A Hunter Gatherer + Farming Economy • Strong connection to nature
Anishinabe
• Lived primarily in Ontario and Manitoba • Lived their lives according to seven main values • Believed in equality and balance for men and women • Harvested wild rice, they were a farming economy • Clans were named after animals