Social 9, chapter 4, section 2

how did the religion based rights on education relate to language?

Because these religion-based rights corresponded to English-French language divisions in Canada at the time, since most Protestants spoke English and most Catholics spoke French

Francophone rights time line, 1774

Britain passed the Québec Act, recognizing the rights of Francophones to their language and identity.

Section 23 in the charter

sets out the education rights of official language minorities, particularly important

How did -Manitoba- enter confederation?

entered Confederation in 1870, as a bilingual province with rights to publicly funded Catholic schools that served the Francophone community and Protestant schools that served the Anglophone community.

Charte de la langue française (Charter of the French Language), or Bill 101.

1977: Passed by Québec's government. Sets down rules for protecting and promoting the use of the French language in Québec.

What was the effect of section 23 on francophone parents? (schools)

1983: Francophone parents begin to lobby for their minority language education rights under section 23 of the Charter.

What was the effect of section 23 on francophone parents? (schools boards)

1983: Francophone parents in Alberta launch a Charter challenge to establish their right to Francophone school boards.

what occurred as an effect of francophone parents lobbying for their language rights?

1984: Alberta's first two publicly funded Francophone schools opened in Edmonton and Calgary

what occurred after the charter that affected language rights? (regarding signs)

1988, Supreme Court decision: The law can require signs to use French, but cannot prohibit the use of English in addition. The law can require French to be more prominent than English.

what occurred as an effect of francophone parents launching their charter challenge?

1990: The Supreme Court affirmed their right to Francophone school boards

what occurred after the charter that affected language rights? (regarding education)

2005, Supreme Court decision: Francophone parents do not have a right to educate their children in Anglophone schools in Québec, since this violates the intent of section 23 to protect Francophone identity as a minority culture in Canada. Immigrant parents have this right, if their children have already received some education in English.

1890 Manitoba Schools Act

Although the rights at the time of confederation had been hard won by Louis Riel, and central to the entry of Manitoba into Confederation, the Manitoba Schools Act: • Abolished public funding for Catholic schools. • Made Manitoba an officially English-only province.

What were the laws set by Bill 101? (before the charter)

Commercial signs may use only French, Francophones and immigrants in Québec must attend Francophone schools.

British North America Act (BNA Act) 1867

Confederation established Canada as a bicultural, bilingual country with rights for Francophones and Anglophones by.. making French and English official languages of Canada's parliament

Francophone rights time line, 1867

Confederation establishes Canada as a bilingual, bicultural nation under the British North America (BNA) Act.

how did the charter affect bill 101?

Freedom of expression allowed for Anglophone businesses to seek the right to use English on signs. Equality rights allowed for Francophone and immigrant parents in Québec seek the right to educate their children in English.

1892 Haultain Resolution

It called for the proceedings of the assembly to be English only.

What did confederation say in regards to education?

It guaranteed public schools for the Protestant minority in Québec and the Catholic minorities in the rest of Canada.

Francophone rights time line, 1608

Samuel de Champlain founded the city of Québec, and established New France in North America.

Minority language education rights

Section 23 of the Charter says that a French speaking or English-speaking minority population of sufficient size in any province has the right to publicly funded schools that serve their language community

where is bilingualism addressed in the charter? (2+1)

Sections 16 to 20 of the Charter establish French and English as official languages of Canada, and the right of Canadian citizens to conduct their affairs with the federal government in either official language. -also establish NB as an official bilingual province

What did Canada consist of at the time of confederation?

The "rest of Canada" at that time included Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (+Quebec)

Francophone rights time line, 1982 (2)

The Charter confirms official bilingualism and establishes official language minority education rights.

Francophone rights time line, 1969

The Official Languages Act reasserts the equality of French and English as official languages of Canada, as established at Confederation.

How are Francophone schools protected?

They are a right of Alberta's Francophone minority under section 23 of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, just as Anglophone schools are a right of the Anglophone minority in Québec.

official language minority:

a group that speaks one of Canada's official languages (English or French) and that does not make up the majority population of a province or territory

Anglophone

a person whose first language is English

Francophone

a person whose first language is French

What legislation established language rights?

established in the BNA Act in 1867 and in the Official Languages Act in 1969.

John A. Macdonald (left) and George Étienne Cartier (1.5)

forged the Francophone-Anglophone alliance at the foundation of Confederation, partly due to a desire to stay independent and distinct from the United States.

What was -Alberta- like before it became a province?

it was part of the North-West Territories, which was officially bilingual and had publicly funded Catholic schools and Protestant schools.

official language community

one of the groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada — French or English — as their first language

publicly funded

paid for by taxes and provided by government

Francophone schools and school boards

provide instruction for Francophone students — students whose first language is French. They are different from French immersion schools, which teach French to students whose first language is not French.

North-West Territories Ordinance Number 22

required English as the language of instruction in all schools.

What are the reasons stated by bill 101?

• French-speaking people are a distinct people and French is the language that expresses their identity. • The people of Québec want to make French the language of government and the everyday language of work, education and business.

who was the person to propose the 1892 Haultain Resolution?

• The Haultain Resolution was proposed by the premier of the territory, Frederick Haultain, and passed by the territory assembly.