Social Studies Quiz: Topic 5, Lessons 1-3, Social Studies Quiz: Topic 5, Lessons 4-6
Explain why the United States and Britain opposed European colonies in the Americas. Use evidence from the text to support your conclusion.
The United States opposed European colonies in the Americas, because they worried about Prussia, France, Russia, and Austria forming an alliance aimed at crushing any revolution that sprang up in Europe. Britain also worried about other European nations meddling in the Western Hemisphere, because they feared that their profitables trade with the newly independent countries would be hurt if Spain regained control of its former colonies.
Sedition
The act of stirring up rebellion against a government.
First Bank of the United States
The bank set up in 1791 to hold government deposits and to issue paper money to pay government bills.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
The declarations passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is constitutional.
What were the lasting effects of the Monroe doctrine? Give specific examples.
The lasting effects of the Monroe doctrine were that as the the U.S. became stronger, the U.S. successfully challenged European intervention, or direct involvement, in Latin America. Presidents also used the Monroe Doctrine to justify sending troops to Caribbean nations. Therefore, Monroe's bold statement helped shape the U.S. foreign policy for more than 100 years.
What were the long-term effects of the Whiskey Rebellion?
The long-term effects of the Whiskey Rebellion was that it showed Washington's quick response, proving to Americans that their new government would act firmly in times of crisis. Another long-term effect was that the President showed those who disagreed with the government that violence would not be tolerated.
What is the main idea of the text, "American Shipping Faces Challenges? Summarize the main idea and the most important details.
The main idea of the text is that the Americans were facing challenges with trading goods by sea. One challenge was that Tripoli declared war on the United States because Jefferson refused to pay its increased demands. American ships faced another problem which was that hundreds of Americans ships were captured during the French war, because one nation didn't want the Americans to trade with the other.
Thomas Jefferson wanted to reduce the size and power of the federal government. Give at least three examples of how he did this during his presidency.
Thomas Jefferson wanted to reduce the size and power of the federal government. During his presidency he reduced the federal budget, he decreased the size of government departments, reduced the size of the army and navy, and he also asked Congress to repeal the unpopular whiskey tax.
Nullify
To cancel.
How was Zebulon Pike's expedition similar to and different from the expedition led by Lewis and Clark?
Zebulon Pike's expedition was similar to the expedition led by Lewis and Clark, because they all were exploring the new American land, and they all were exploring for two years. Zebulon Pike's expedition was also different from the expedition led by Lewis and Clark because Pike explored the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico.
Pinckney Treaty
a 1795 agreement with Spain that let Americans ship their goods down the Mississippi River and store them in or ship them through New Orleans
embargo
a ban on trade
nationalism
a devotion to one's nation and its interests
United Provinces of Central America
a federation established in 1823 that contained the present-day nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica
Hartford Convention
a gathering of the New Englanders to protest the War of 1812 at which some threatened to secede from the Union
tribute
a payment by a weaker party to a stronger party in return for protection
Treaty of Ghent
a peace treaty signed by britain and the United States in 1814 to end the War of 1812
creole
a person born in Spain's American colonies to Spanish parents
American System
a program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s that called for high tariffs on imports
continental divide
a ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent
Negro Fort
a settlement of African Americans who had escaped slavery in the Spanish colony of Florida
free enterprise system
a system of free markets with little government interference as possible
What are the four basic points of the Monroe Doctrine?
a) U.S. wouldn't interfere in Europe's governments or their existing colonies b) European countries could no longer form colonies in North or South America c) Political systems of America stay separate from Europe d) U.S. would consider any attempt by Europe to influence politics in the Americas a threat to "peace and safety"
Marbury v. Madison
an 1803 court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional
Nonintercourse act
an 1807 law that allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France
Embargo Act
an 1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade
McCulloch v. Maryland
an 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government's powers could be extended by the "necessary and proper" clause and the states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders
Adams-Onís Treaty
an 1821 treaty between Spain and the United States in which Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States
Gibbons v. Ogden
an 1824 case in which the Supreme Court upheld the power of the federal government to regulate commerce
confederation
an alliance of independent states or nations, usually with a shared military command
Republic of Great Colombia
an independent state composed of the present-day nation of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and panama; established in 1819
Battle of New Orleans
at the end of the War of 1812, a battle between British and U.S. forces, led by Andrew Jackson, that ended in a victory for the United States
interstate commerce
business that crosses state lines
Battle of Tippecanoe
in 1811, a battle over white settlement in the Indiana Territory
Battle of Lake Erie
in the War of 1812, a U.S. victory over the British, under the leadership of Oliver Perry
intervention
interference in the affairs of another
expedition
long voyage of exploration
sectionalism
loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country
smuggling
the act of importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws
internal improvements
the addition of new roads, bridges, and canals, or the improvement of existing routes
laissez faire
the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs (in French it means "let do")
War Hawks
the members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812
judicial review
the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the acts of a President ow laws passed by Congress are constitutional
impressment
the practice of forcing people into military service
Treaty of Greenville
the treaty signed by some Native Americans in 1795, giving up land that would later become part of Ohio
Louisiana Purchase
the vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803
What are the excalating tensions leading up to the War of 1812?
1803: Lousiana Purchase ($15 million) 1804: Blockading ports & Barbary pirates 1805: Britain threatening U.S. neutrality--trade 1807: Embargo Act 1809: Nonintercourse Act 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe
Neutrality Proclamation
A 1793 statement by President Washignton that declared the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict.
Whiskey Rebellion
A 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States.
Jay's Treaty
A 1795 agreement between Britain and the United States that settled differences and put off a threat of military conflict between the two nations.
XYZ Affair
A 1797 French attempt to demand a bribe of money from the United States before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships (XYZ were the names of the French soldiers, but the Americans wanted to keep them a secret).
Inauguration
A ceremony in which the President publicy take the oath of office.
Bond
A certificate that promises to repay money loaded, plus interest, on a certain date.
Frigates
A fast-sailing warship.
Farewell Address
A final, official speech of a President as he or she leaves office.
Judiciary Act of 1789
A law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation.
Foreign policy
A plan of action by a ntaion toward other nations.
French Revolution
A rebellion in France beginning in 1789 that overthrew the French monarchy.
Tariff
A tax on foreign goods brought into a country.
What freedoms, in the Bill of Rights, were threatened by the Alien and Sedition acts, according to opponents?
According to the opponents, the right to vote, and the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights, which protected the freedom of speech was threatened by the Alien and Sedition acts.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Embargo Act of 1807?
Advantages: - Americans were no longer captured for trading with the other nation - Punished Britain and France - Later Jefferson admitted that the Embargo Act had failed --- Causing Congress to replace it with the milder Nonintercourse Act Disadvantages: - Docks in the South were piled high with cotton and tobacco - Hurt Americans more than Britain and France - Jefferson had to use the military to sneak past the embargo - Imports such as sugar, tea, and molasses were cut off - Exports dropped more than $80 million in one year
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) was an author of The Federalist, Secretary of the treasury under President Washington, and founder of the Federalist Party.
Why did Hamilton believe a strong federal government was important in order to stimulate trade and manufacturing?
Alexander Hamilton believed a strong federal government was important in order to stimulate trade and manufacturing, because a strong federal government would help increase commerce.
Who tended to support the Federalists? Who tended to support the Republicans? Why?
Small farmers, artisans, and some wealthy planters in the South tended to support the Republicans, while merchants and manufacturers in such cities as Boston and New York supported the Federalists. The small farmers, artisans, and some wealthy planters supported the Republicans because Thomas Jefferson's ideas have regarded the benefit of them. Merchants and manufacturers supported the Federalists because Alexander Hamilton's views regarded the benefit of them. Federalists = Republicans now Democratic Republicans = Democrats now
Both the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans wanted to grow the United States economy. How were their methods different?
Both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans wanted to grow the United States economy. The Democratic-Republicans methods were to decrease the power of the national government, while the methods of the Federalists were to increase the power of the national government.
What was president Monroes concerned about after Mexico broke free from Spain in 1821?
He was concerned that Europeans might try to take control of the newly independent nations.
Henry Clay
Henry Clay (1777-1852) was a leading member of the House of Representatives for Kentucky under Presidents Madison and Monroe who spoke for the interests of the West, and who later served as a U.S. senator and Secretary of State
Was Henry Clay's American System a good plan to address the diverse concerns of different groups in the United States? Cite evidence as you explain why or why not.
Henry Clay's American System a good plan to address the diverse concerns of different groups in the United States, because high tariffs on imports would help northern factories, and with wealth from the industry, Clay believed, northerners would have the money to buy farm products from the West and the South. High tariffs would also reduce American dependence on foreign goods. Clay also urged Congress to use money from tariffs to build roads, bridges, and canals, which would be a better transportation system that would make it easier and cheaper for farmers in the West and the South to ship goods to city markets.
What events led to the decline of the Federalist Party?
Some events that led to the decline of the federalist Party was when Federalists won fewer seats in Congress, and when the Federalist Party was greatly weakened after its leader, Alexander Hamilton, was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr.
Speculator
Someone who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit.
What made Tecumseh and the Prophet effective leaders?
Tecumseh and the Prophet were such effective leaders, because they were able to teach that white customs corrupted the Indian way of life. After they taught this Tecumseh organized the tribes of the Northwest into a confederation, impressing the white leaders. While Tecumseh was away trying to organize Indians in the South, the Prophet led a surprise attack on Harrison's troops in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Why did the British supply weapons to the Native Americans in the western frontier and encourage them to attack U.S. settlements?
The British supplied weapons to the Native Americans in the western frontier and encouraged them to attack U.S. settlements, because they were close to war with the nation, and were not at peace.
homas Jefferson eventually left Washington's Cabinet after the Neutrality Proclamation for the French Revolution. What can you infer about his feelings about the French Revolution and freedom in general?
I can infer that Thomas Jefferson felt that the French had the right to use violence to win freedom, although he condemned the executions of the king and queen in the French Revolution. When George Washington called the Neutrality Proclamation Jefferson felt defeated, because he had such a strong passion for freedom and equality. He eventually left Washington's Cabinet, because of this defeat.
What can you infer about how people viewed African American soldiers, based on the quote from Nathaniel Shaler on page 5 of "The War's Conclusion"?
I can infer that people enjoyed and praised African American soldiers for helping defend our country, because based on the quote that African American man risked his life to save his nation, and was wished to be thrown overboard to save others, but they still viewed them as slaves.
Summarize and explain John Adams's response to the threat of war with France.
In response to the threat of war with France, John Adams's refused to ask Congress to declare war on France, because he wanted to keep the country out of European affairs. He could not ignore French attacks so, therefore, he strengthened the navy by building frigates, or fast-sailing warships.
James Madison
James Madison (1751-1836) was the fourth President of the United States and one of the main authors of the United States Constitution and the Federalists Papers.
James Monroe
James Monroe (1758 - 1831) was the fifth President of the United States and the creator of the Monroe Doctrine
Jefferson warned that the Marbury v. Madison decision could "make the judiciary a [tyrannical] branch." Was Jefferson's prediction accurate? Explain.
Jefferson's prediction wasn't accurate because judicial review remains one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court, and today the branches are still balanced.
John Adams
John Adams (1735-1826) was the second President of the United States and had served as a statesman and diplomat during the Revolutionary War.
Why did Adams's actions and the threat of war with France cause a split in the Federalist party?
John Adams's actions and the threat of war with France caused a split in the Federalist party because although Adams was a Federalist, he resisted Hamilton's pressure for war.
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun (1782 - 1850) was a leading member of the House of Representatives for South Carolina under Presidents Madison and Monroe who spoke for the interests of the South, and who later served as Vice President and U.S. senator.
The United States government made many small treaties with different Native American nations. How did this weaken the Native Americans?
The Native Americans were weakened when the United States made small treaties with different Native American nations, because the newcomers built farms on Indian lands and hunted the animals Indians needed for food.
Why was New Orleans so important to the United States in the early 1800s?
New Orleans was so important to the United States in the early 1800s, because Americans sent their produce down the Mississippi River to a port in New Orleans. From there, oceangoing ships carried the produce across the Gulf of Mexico, around Florida, and up to ports along the Atlantic coast.
unconstitutional
Not permitted by the Constitution.
Neutral
Not taking sides in a conflict.
Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe's foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America
Why was Sacagawea an asset to Lewis and Clark on their expedition? Give examples from the text.
Sacagawea was an asset to Lewis and Clark on their expedition, because she was their translator and her tribe, the Shoshones, supplied the expedition with the food and horses Lewis and Clark needed. They also advised them about the best route to take over the Rockies.
Why did the North and the South disagree on the issue of having a protective tariff on imported goods?
The North and the South disagreed on the issue of having a protective tariff on imported goods. In the North, there were more and more factories, and many people supported Hamilton's plan. In the South, the farmers bought many imported goods, and they opposed a protective tariff, because it would make imports more expensive.
What regions tended to support the War of 1812? What regions were against the war? Why? Use information from all of the texts in this topic to support your answer.
The Northerners tended to not support the War of 1812 and even had meetings about going against it. On the other hand, the Southerners typically wanted the war to take place considering most of them were Democratic Republicans.
Explain why the U.S. government chose to pass a protective tariff on British goods after the War of 1812.
The U.S. government chose to pass a protective tariff on British goods after the War of 1812, because British manufacturers sold cloth in the United States for less than it costs to make so that they could capture the market. They hoped to put American rivals out of business. Then, the British planned to raise prices. The British strategy caused dozens of New England businesses to fail.
How did the U.S. government respond to the economic problems after the War of 1812? Include at least two examples in your summary.
The U.S. government responded to the economic problems after the War of 1812 by supporting a law to charter the second Bank of the United States. This bank lended money and restored order to the nation's money supply, the Bank helped American business grow. In response to the problem with foreign competition ambitious American business leaders such as Francis Cabot Lowell established their own mills and factories.
Why did the U.S. support revolutions in what were the Spanish colonies?
The U.S. supported the revolutions in what were the Spanish colonies because they wanted to weaken Spain and keep European nations out of the Western hemisphere.
Why did Alexander Hamilton support debt repayment? Why did James Madison oppose it? Summarize and explain the arguments on both sides.
Alexander Hamilton supported debt repayment, because he had the urge to fix the problem he had faced of national debt. One of his first acts in government was to ask Congress to pass a tariff, or tax on imports, to pay for the government. Hamilton wanted the government to buy up all the bonds issued by both the national and state governments before 1789. He planned to issue new bonds to pay off the old debts. As the economy improved and income from the tariff increased, his plan allowed the government to pay off the new bonds. On the contrary James Madison opposed Alexander Hamilton's plans, because he argued that it would reward speculators, or people who invest in risky ventures in the hope of making large profits. He opposed the other part of Hamilton's plan, because most southern states had paid off their debts from the Revolution.
Why were many Americans outraged and insulted when they heard about the XYZ Affair and how France handled the attempted peace talks?
Americans were outraged and insulted when they heard about the XYZ Affair and how France handled the attempted peace talks because they thought that the French were asking for an exorbitant amount of money for no reason.
Precedent
An act or decison that sets an example for others to follow.
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was the seventh President of the United States who earlier served as a military officer during conflicts with Creek Indians during the War of 1812, and during conflicts with Spain over Florida
What motivated Andrew Jackson to invade Florida? Use evidence from the text to make an inference.
Andrew Jackson was motivated to invade Florida, because since the 1700s, Spanish officials had protected enslaved Africans who had fled from plantations in Georgia and South Carolina. Seminoles allowed Africans to live near their villages. One settlement on the Apalachicola River known as negro Fort contained about 1,000 black seminoles. when the Spanish refused to demolish the Negro Fort after Jackson's demand, the United States invaded Florida and destroyed the fort.
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
British view: - supplied guns and ammunition to the Native Americans - seized American ships, blockaded ports & impressed soldiers - wanted to stop trade between U.S. & France - angry about trade acts - wanted west of Appalachian Mountains American view: - felt they were still being treated as a colony - wanted Canada & Florida - angered by seized ships &impressment - wanted to hurt Britain's economy by continuing the trade ban - wanted to eliminate British influence on Native Americans Things they both did: - fighting - wanted land - used Native Americans as allies - wanted to hurt the other's economy Other factors: - Europe was at war - fighting with Native Americans - America was expanding west - Napoleon had big dreams - Barbary pirates tested Jefferson's foreign policy (laissez faire)
Contrast two leaders in the struggle to claim Canada: Issac Brock and Oliver Perry.
Brock: - clever British general - paraded his soldiers in red coats - led Americans to think that a large number of Native Americans were fighting alongside the Canadians Perry: - designed and built his own ships - tiny fleet - British battered Perry's own ship so he rowed over to another American ship and continued to fight - "We have met the enemy and they are ours"
Why did creating the Bank of the United States spark such strong emotions for both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson?
Creating the Bank of the United States sparked such emotions for both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson worried that a national bank would give too much power to the government and to wealthy investors who would help run the bank. He opposed the law setting up the bank. He claimed that it was unconstitutional. For him, any power not specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. Alexander Hamilton did not agree with Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its duties. Hamilton argued that the Bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.
Daniel Webster
Daniel Webster (1782 - 1852) was a leading member of the House of Representatives for New Hampshire under Presidents Madison and Monroe who spoke for the interests of the North, and who later served as a representative and U.S. senator from Massachusetts and as U.S. Secretary of State.
Why was Great Britain interested in restraining the influence of European nations in the Americas?
Great Britain was interested in restraining the influence of European nations in the Americas because they feared that their profitable trade with the newly independent countries would be hurt if Spain regained control of its former colonies.
What are the similarities and differences between the political ideals of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson?
Differences: Alexander Hamilton - believed that the wealthy and educated should control the government - believed that supporting business and trade was the best way to improve the nation's economy - favored Britain over France - wanted to model the government after Britain favored a national bank Thomas Jefferson - believed that the government should represent ordinary white people, not just the wealthy and educated - he supported policies that favored small farmers rather than businessmen - favored France over Britain Similarities: - both shared their political views - both were supported in newspapers - both bad mouthed their opponent - both members of Washington's Cabinet - both wanted to help the nation succeed
George Washington
George Washington (1732-1799) was the leader of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and the first President of the United States.
Identify two important decisions George Washington made and explain why they are still important in the U.S. government today.
George Washington set several important precedents as the first president of the United States. An important precedent he set at the end of his term was his decision to not run for a third term. Another precedent Washington set was by choosing well-known leaders to serve in his Cabinet.
Do you think Jefferson was effective at getting his ideas about the Alien and Sedition acts across in the federal government? Explain your inference.
I don't think Jefferson was effective at getting his ideas about the Alien and Sedition acts across in the federal government at first because he couldn't convince the federal government to consider his ideas. Instead, he urged that the states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a law passed by the federal government. Jefferson, with the help of Madison, passed the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions in 1798 and 1799. Within a few years, the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions influenced the federal government to change or drop the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions also raised the issue of states' rights.
Do you think the French believed that the Louisiana Territory was important land for their country? Explain your reasoning.
I don't think the French believed that the Louisiana Territory was important land for their country because they offered all of Louisiana to the Americans very easily and at a cheap price ($15 million to double the size of the U.S.) when the Americans just wanted the New Orleans territory.
How do you think people in the North felt about Alexander Hamilton and his policies? How did people in the South feel toward Hamilton?
I think people in the North like Alexander Hamilton and his policies while people in the South do not. I can come to this conclusion, because the northerners are always siding with Alexander's plans, and the southerners are not. For example the northerners sided with him for a protective tariff, and his plans of debt repayment, while the southerners didn't, because it wouldn't benefit them.
Was the War of 1812 a mistake? Why or why not?
I think the War of 1812 was a mistake, because as John Quincy Adams said, "Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled." Others may argue that it wasn't, because the one thing that changed was that, "The people are now more American. They feel and act more as a nation."
How would you describe Andrew Jackson as a military leader? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer.
I would describe Andrew Jackson as a successful military leader, because he took command of American troops in the Creek War, bringing them to victory. (related to pg. 1 in To Kill a Mockingbird)
What are the similarities and differences among the three major leaders after the War of 1812: John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay?
John C. Calhoun: - from South Carolina - a skilled orator, lawyer, and senator - sectional leader and spokesman for his region (south) - supported the war of 1812 - opposed the idea of strong federal government - a strong supporter of slavery - showed a concern for the countries economy Daniel Webster: - from New Hampshire - skilled orator, lawyer, and senator - sectional leader and spokesman for his region (north) - against the War of 1812 - supported the idea of strong federal government - wanted slavery abolished - showed a concern for the country's economy - defended the Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay: - from Kentucky - skilled orator, lawyer, and senator - sectional leader and spokesman for his region (west) - supported the War of 1812 - supported the idea of a strong federal government - supported compromise over slavery - showed a concern for the country's economy - defended the Compromise of 1850
John Marshall
John Marshall (1755-1835) was the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835.
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) was the sixth President of the United States who earlier served as a U.S. diplomat, senator, and Secretary of State (John Quincy Adams was the son of John Adams)
Why was Marbury v. Madison such an important decision? How did this decision affect the power of the different branches of government?
Marbury v. Madison was such an important decision because the Supreme Court stated that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. The decision to put judicial review into order affected the power of the different branches of government because with judicial review the judiciary could gain more power than the other branches. (provided a check on Congress in the Legislative branch by the courts in the Judicial branch)
Federalists
Members of the party led by Alexander Hamilton that favored a strong federal government.
Democratic Republicans
Members of the political party founded by Thomas Jefferson.
What is the Era of Good Feelings?
The Era of Good Feelings was a period in American history that started right after the War of 1812. America had just beat Britain for what would be the last time. The Era of Good feelings lasted from about 1817 to 1825. This Era describes the reign of republicans as the single party in a unified nation. During this time an industrial revolution was starting in the north, transportation improvements, and the implication of the American System proposed by Henry Clay was underway which strengthened the economy. The status of America was strengthened as a whole. Although the Era of Good Feelings had little political strife there was still tension among the people. A major issue over slavery was rising. The Era of Good Feelings is mostly associated with American nationalism. The time was dominated by one political party, the Democratic Republican Party.
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Federalist-supported laws created in 1798 that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials. Alien Act: - made it harder to become a citizen - instead of 5 years it was 14 - hurt Democratic-Republicans the most because most immigrants voted for Democratic Republicans Sedition Act: - people could be fined of jailed for criticizing the government of other officials - newspaper writers and editors were often fined or bailed under this act - hurt Democratic Republicans the most because they could not speak out with this act
Would the Federalists have a loose constructionist or strict constructionist view of the Constitution? Do you think they would have agreed with the McCulloch v. Maryland decision? Explain your answers.
The Federalists would have a loose constructionist view of the Constitution, because they favored the Bank of the United States. I think that the Federalists would have agreed with the McCulloch v. Maryland decision, because the Court rules that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their border, and the ruling strengthened federal power. The Federalists favored a strong central government, and this gave the government more power.
In his Farewell Address, George Washington advised the U.S. to steer clear of foreign alliances. How did the French Revolution influence his views on this?
The French Revolution influenced his views of steering clear of foreign alliances, because the Americans traded with both the French and the British. While France and Britain were at war they had to steer clear and stay neutral, not siding with either nation so that they weren't dragged into another war they certainly were not ready for.
What did French Revolution reveal about the values of Hamilton and Jefferson?
The French Revolution revealed that Alexander Hamilton cared more about trade and that his nation didn't get into another war with Britain because they would not have been ready; it also revealed that Thomas Jefferson cared more for the freedom of individuals.
The Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court decision meant that the federal government had the power to regulate trade between states. Explain how this decision is still relevant today.
The Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court decision meant that the federal government had the power to regulate trade between states. This decision is still relevant today, because it helped the national economy by making it easier for the government to regulate trade, which changed daily life for people in the United States.
What did the Monroe Doctrine warn Europe against?
The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to attempt to regain control of the newly independent nations of Latin America.
How did the early lives of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson affect their political ideals?
The early lives of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson affected their political views. Alexander Hamilton was born in the West Indies, and had built his way up from poverty. He believed that the wealthy and educated should control the government. He must must have believed this, because he worked so hard to get an education, and to earn money. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson came from a wealthy family of Virginia planters. He owned large plantations and enslaved African Americans. Despite his wealth, Jefferson believed that the government should represent ordinary white people, not just wealthy and educated. He must have believed this because he might be worried that wealthy people, who have other people do their work, might not be the best people to represent the new government.
Explain how the financial interests of the southern states were similar to and different from the financial interests of the northern states during the period after the Revolutionary War.
The financial interests of the southern states were different from the financial interests of the northern states, because most southern states had paid off their debts from the Revolution. The New England states, still owed a lot. The financial interests of the southerners were similar to the financial interests of the northern states during the period after the Revolutionary War, because even before any debts were paid off the northerners and southerners both owed around the same amount of money when state to state debt differed.
Cabinet
The group of officials who head government departments and advise the President.
Early Republic
The historical period from 1789 to 1824 in American history, following the ratification of the United States Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was the drafter of the Declaration of Independence, founder of the Democratic Republican Party, and third President of the United States.
Why did the revolutions in Latin America result in many individual countries, while the revolution in the United States resulted in a single united country? Identify more than one cause.
The revolution in Latin America resulted in many individual countries, because geography made unity difficult. Latin America covered a much larger area than the British colonies, with thick rain forests and mountains. Also, the Spanish colonies were spread out over a huge area. Another reason why the revolutions in Latin America resulted in many individual countries is, because their experience after independence was very different from that of their neighbor to the north. They had a hard time setting up government, because under Spanish rule, the colonists had gained little or no experience in self-government.
States' rights
The right of states to limit the power of the federal government.
Describe the role of the creoles in the revolutions in Latin America.
The role of the creoles, or people born to Spanish parents, in the revolutions in Latin America were to fight for independence from Spain, because they had little or no say in government and harsh rule kept Native Americans forever in debt.
Why did the tax on whiskey incite rage among many people?
The tax on whiskey incited rage among many people, because many smaller liquor manufacturers had a difficult time paying the taxes while larger companies didn't. Backcountry farmers hated the tax on whiskey, because it sharply reduced their income.
Nation Debt
The toal sum of money that a government owes to others.
In the election of 1796, candidates from opposing parties were elected as President and Vice President. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a President and Vice President with opposing viewpoints?
There are advantages and disadvantages of having a President and a Vice President. The advantages would be that both parties would get some representation in government even though one may have a greater impact than the other. The disadvantages are that the President and Vice President would disagree on a lot of things causing some situations to be hard to resolve, but because of their political views, the people from the opposing party of the President might not like him so then the President might have trouble pleasing the public.
What were the effects of the War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghant: - a peace treaty signed by Britain & the U.S. to end the war of 1812 - effectively ended fighting - impressment continued - issues on the seas continued Respect from foreign nations: - seen as the second war for independence - starting to be seen as a world power - ready to defend the nation & their ideals Effects in North America: - U.S. felt they needed STRONGER MILITARY - U.S. did not gain Canada - trading in New England resumed - Federalist party disintegrates - Britain does not get Western land - Britain's influence on Native Americans continue (diminished) - Native Americans lose land Pride, nationalism, new heroes: - many heroes from the war --ANDREW JACKSON (won battle of New Orleans) --Oliver Hazard perry --William Henry Harrison - Frances Scott Key wrote national anthem - Famous ship: USS Consitution (Old Ironside) - industries grew
What was the lasting impact of the Federalist party? Give two examples, and cite evidence from the text to support your answer.
Two lasting impacts of the Federalist party were the establishments of the economy of the new nation, and that the new constitutional government was vigorous and capable. Even Democratic Republican Presidents kept most of Hamilton's economic programs after the fall of the Federalist party. The successful suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania proved the strength of the new federal government. Furthermore, Washington and Adams both managed to avoid the war raging between Britain and France, while increasing the nation's naval strength by building frigates.
Explain the reasons why the War Hawks wanted to go to war with Britain. Then summarize the drawbacks of declaring war on Britain.
War Hawks wanted to go to war with Britain because they felt that Britain was treating the United States as if it were still a British colony. They were willing to fight a war to defend American rights. The drawbacks of declaring war on Britain would be that Americans would not want to be taxed for the war, and the people in New England feared that the British navy would attack New England seaports.