Honors World History A 12.2

How did the writing of Erasmus encourage individualism?

He stated that people should be able to read and study the Bible on their own

idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society

utopian

What issues of his society did Erasmus address? Select all that apply

-foolish and wrong actions -corruption of the Church

Why do you think the use of the vernacular became more widespread in writings after the invention of the printing press?

Because more people had access to books, more people demanded books in their everyday, spoken language.

Why is the German artist Albrecht Dürer compared to the Italian Renaissance figure Leonardo da Vinci?

Both were painters and artists with inquiring minds and wide-ranging interests that went beyond art; both studied art in Italy and were innovators in artistic techniques.

How did northern Renaissance artists blend Italian Renaissance ideas with their own?

Dürer used Italian painting techniques along with his own ideas for engraving. Flemish artists used oil paintings to achieve depth, create realistic details, and express humanist themes.

a region that included parts of present-day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; an important industrial and financial center of northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Flanders

What economic and social effects did Gutenberg's press have?

It brought the cost of printing down, which reduced the price of books. More people could afford to buy books, so literacy increased. More people read books, and thus, more people became educated. More people also wrote books.

How does Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar reflect central literacy themes common throughout the Renaissance?

It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects

Which was an important of the printing of the Gutenberg Bible in 1456?

More people could read and interpret the Bible for themselves

What was one impact of the printing revolution on European society?

More people had access to knowledge because books became less expensive

Which best summarizes what caused Renaissance ideas to spread to northern Europe?

Renaissance ideas spread through trade between Italy and cities in Flanders

The text states that the printing revolution "brought immense changes" to northern Europe. Do you find this to be true or not? What evidence would you cite to support or debate this statement?

The printing revolution did bring immense changes by increasing the amount of books available and making them more affordable, encouraging more people to learn to read and write, introducing new ideas and spreading knowledge in all fields, promoting religious reform, and providing growth to cities that had printing presses.

How did Johannes Gutenberg change printing?

by inventing a press with movable type

Which of the following had to happen in northern Europe before the Renaissance could spread there?

economic growth

art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints

engraving

What purposes and themes were common to the writers Erasmus, More, and Rabelais?

humanism, education, and social reforms

How did the invention of the printing press encourage secularism?

people could more easily share ideas that challenged Church teachings

What were some themes explored by the artist Jan van Eyck?

religious themes, townspeople, peasant life

How does the quotation show the impact of the printing press on how books came to be used?

After the printing press, books were more available, less expensive to buy and produce, and so abundant that it was acceptable to write in them. No one would dare put notations in the rare, expensive, hand-written manuscripts written before the printing press.

(1471-1528) was born in Nuremberg, Germany. A painter, draftsman, and writer, his greatest artistic impact was in engraving. He traveled to Italy, studied the Italian masters, and helped spread Renaissance ideas to northern Europe. Many of his famous works, such as The Apocalypse and Adam and Eve, had religious themes.

Albrecht Dürer

In what ways did Albrecht Dürer's engravings reflect his own time period and culture, including his travel to another country?

Dürer's engravings and paintings of religious upheaval reflect the realities of his time and culture. His artwork reflects his travels to Italy, where he learned painting techniques and other ideas from Italian masters. Like other artists of the time, he was an innovator, using new methods and embracing the adventurous and creative Renaissance spirit of the time.

What impact might the printing press have had on religious reform movements of the 1500s?

Religious reformers could use the printing press to spread their ideas to a large number of people quickly and cheaply.

(c. 1466-1536) was a Dutch priest, writer, and scholar who promoted humanism. He wrote texts on various subjects and produced a new Greek edition of the Christian Bible. He also called for a translation of the Bible into the vernacular, or everyday language, to help spread learning, ideas, and education. He also wanted to reform Church corruption.

Erasmus

How does the quotation from Erasmus reflect the impact of the northern European Renaissance?

Erasmus felt that books should stimulate learning and that studying and even writing in now less-expensive books was preferable to preserving them by keeping them hidden away.

How did Erasmus's training as a priest sharpen his critique of the Church? Give some examples from the text.

Erasmus's training as a priest gave him the insider knowledge to criticize the Church. Erasmus felt that the Church would be stronger if people could read a Bible that was translated into the vernacular. He believed that "the strength of the Christian religion" should not be based on people's ignorance of it, but on their ability to study it on their own. Erasmus used his pen to call for reforms in the Church. He challenged the worldliness of the Church and urged a return to early Christian traditions.

(c. 1400-1468) was born in Germany. He became a goldsmith, printer, and publisher. His pioneering invention of a printing press with movable type changed the world. Around 1455, Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using his press.

Gutenberg

What Renaissance themes are explored in Shakespeare's works?

Renaissance themes explored in Shakespeare's works include realism, the complexity of the individual (humanism), the importance of the classics and of history, and the use of the vernacular.

Do you think that the Renaissance would have spread as quickly throughout northern Europe if the presses printed only Bibles?

No; through other books, readers gained access to a broad range of knowledge, from medicine and law to mining. Other printed books exposed educated Europeans to new ideas and places, including Renaissance ideas from Italy.

What were some long-term impacts of Shakespeare's writings?

Shakespeare's genius was in expressing universal themes in everyday, realistic settings. His work explores Renaissance ideals such as the complexity of the individual and the importance of the classics. Shakespeare's plays are still performed and still resonate today. Scholars read his historic plays to enhance their knowledge of history. Words and phrases that Shakespeare invented are still used.

(1478-1535) was born in London. He became a lawyer, scholar, writer, and member of British Parliament during the reign of Henry VIII. He wrote Utopia, a book describing an ideal society. The word "utopian" came to mean "idealistic or visionary." In 1521, he was knighted.

Sir Thomas More

(1564-1616), born in England, became a famous poet and playwright during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Between 1590 and 1613, he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world. He invented words and phrases still used today. Like other Renaissance writers, he took a humanist approach to his characters.

William Shakespeare