SOCIO CH 2 IQ

Fill in the blanks. Participant observation tries to find out what meanings people give to their social behavior by observing it in ______, rather than by asking questions later on in _______. This enables researchers to get past survey respondents' tendency to give what the respondents think are the "right" answers. However, this method requires the researcher to invest time at the _______ of the study to become an accepted _______. a) real time b) an artificial setting c) member of the community d) end e) authority f) start

1. a 2. b 3. f 4. c

danah boyd's research is ____ because it conducts research and selects subjects ____ and follows up with - interviews. This allows her to identify ____ not identified by other researchers, and to distinguish the difference between exes and _____. a)romantic partners b)online c)cliques d)offline e)outcasts f)friends g)typical h)unique

1. h 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. e

Identify the examples of an experimental study.

A researcher deliberately drops a wallet in a public place and observes the reactions of passersby. A researcher compares the attitudes of two focus groups after each group watches a corporate training video. One video is narrated by a male voice, and the other, by a female voice.

content analysis

Content analysis, a subtype of historical methods research, does systematic analysis on written or recorded material. It looks for manifest content, which is overt, and also latent content, which is implied though not stated outright.

Suppose a sociologist wanted to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Which of the following activities could realistically be part of the research?

Correct: - online interviews - becoming a player and observing interactions in real time - analyzing player statistics, such as time played and level achieved Incorrect: - In-person interviews

Identify the reasons why some city officials and statisticians advocate using sampling to adjust official census counts. a) Evidence suggests that rural areas are undercounted in the census. b) Evidence suggests that the census undercounts some populations, such as African Americans, more than others. c) Evidence suggests that the census undercounts the U.S. population by 1.2 percent. d) Evidence suggests that some groups are overcounted by the census.

b and c

In a certain forest, dying trees are consistently found to be infested with beetles. Identify the hypotheses that could explain this correlation. a) Dying trees are more prone to beetle infestation. b) Beetle infestation is causing the trees to die. c) A fungus causes the trees to die and also lures beetles. d) Dying trees and invading beetles both attract other wildlife, such as small birds.

could explain: a, b, c

Which phrase describes a study in which a "snapshot" is taken of all members of a sample group at one specific time?

cross-sectional study

A researcher hypothesizes that marriage improves an individual's health because it improves economic well-being. However, he argues that the relationship between marriage and health may differ for men and women. Based on this hypothesis, match each variable to the corresponding term. a)mediating variable b) independent variable c)dependent variable d)moderating variable A)health B)gender C)marriage D)economic well being

health- dependent variable marriage- independent variable gender- moderating variable economic well being- mediating variable

what is another name for a panel survey

logintudnal survey

A researcher notices that her interview subjects speak more freely when she puts away her tape recorder, and sometimes contradict what they say when being taped. What aspect of sociological investigation does the researcher's realization illustrate?

reflexivity

What is a common goal of qualitative and quantitative research?

to determine the casual relationships between social elements

In a study aimed at gauging Americans' opinions on gun ownership, polling teams stand outside department stores in major cities across the country and record people's answers to a few brief questions. Within each city, the results are quite consistent from one team to the next. a) generalizability b) validity c) reliability

a and b

In his sociological study, Duncan Watts identified factors that contribute to the success of pop songs. Suppose you were the head of a book publishing company and wanted to apply Watts's findings regarding music to your own industry. Identify the steps you would take. a) Encourage book clubs to adopt the books you publish. b) Rely on word-of-mouth marketing to produce a bestseller. c) Seek book recommendations from celebrities. d) Hide book rankings, so readers are incentivized to try new selections.

a and c

Identify the examples of a case study.

a two-week study in which a researcher accompanies a single doctor on her rounds a two-year study of economic activity in a village of 150 people

Identify the measurement methods that would yield results generalizable to the student population of a large university. a) Five students are randomly selected for in-depth interviews, each lasting half an hour. b) Students passing by a campus booth are invited to fill out a questionnaire. Several hundred students do so. c) Comprehensive school records are used to randomly select a sample group of 100 students, who will fill out a short questionnaire. d) School records are used to select 100 students from different categories (male and female, white and non-white, etc.) in numbers that mirror the overall student population. These students will fill out a short questionnaire.

Generalizable: c and d Nongeneralizable: a and b

A researcher is trying to estimate how long a certain nomadic tribe has lived in its present location. Identify each measurement outcome as describing either high validity or high reliability. a) When asked how long the tribe has lived in the area, tribe members give answers that vary somewhat, but average out to the true answer. b) Age tests on artifacts said to date from the tribe's arrival in the area produce a very narrow range of results, but the range is known to be incorrect by at least 200 years. c) When asked how long the tribe has lived in the area, all members of the tribe give the same answer: "100 months." This is known to be nowhere near the truth. d) Age tests on artifacts said to date from the tribe's arrival in the area produce a range of results. The average is very close to the tribe's actual length of stay.

High Validity: a and d High Reliability: c and b

In the figure, which of the three boxes represents the selection of a hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?

IDEA

Michèle Lamont interviewed more than 160 upper-middle-class men in France and the United States about their tastes and values. Classify each statement as either an advantage of Lamont's approach (i.e., in-depth interviews) or an advantage of surveys. a) The study design allows researchers to study not only what a subject said, but how they expressed it. b)The study design permits comparisons between two or more groups of subjects using the same metric. c)The study design permits collection of data on a large sample of subjects. d) The study design gives study subjects time to open up about difficult topics. A)Advantage of In-Depth Interviews B) Advantage of Surveys

In-Depth interviews: d, a Advantage of Surveys: c, b