Sociology 1101 Lessons 1-4, 75 sociology, SOCL 2001 Ch. 3, SOCL 2001 — Ch. 2, SOCIOLOGY CHAP 1-3, SOCL 2001 - Ch. 1, Quiz 3 Culture
16. As of 2008, how many adults in the United States are in jail or prison? a. 1 in 1000 b. 1 in 500 c. 1 in 100 d. 1 in 10
1 in 100
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. A) Cultural imperialism B) Culture shock C) Material culture D) Xenocentricism
2) Culture shock
17. In 1983, 50 corporations owned the majority of mass-media outlets. Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by how many corporations? a. 65 b. 27 c. 6 d. 2
6
20. The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely. b. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation. c. The authoritarian devalue of an employee . d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills
13. Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a. A conflict theorist b. A symbolic interactionist c. A cyberfeminist d. A functionalist
A conflict theorist
14. In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. a. An entry test that must be passed b. A degradation ceremony c. A graduation ceremony d. An exit test that must be passed
A degradation ceremony
15. The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b. A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c. When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand d. An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed
A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
6. The term crime can be defined as: a. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions. b. A harmful action directed at the authorities. c. A sequence of events leading to incarceration. d. An unintended consequence of necessary action.
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
19. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a. Life changing function b. Social norm function c. Entertainment function d. All of the above
All
"Eating bugs, worms, pets (like dogs and cats), let alone monkey brain, is repugnant, sometimes devastating, and absolutely wrong." This statement can best be described as an example of: A) Cultural relativism. B) Ethnocentrism. C) Culture shock. D) Universal values.
B) Ethnocentrism.
The standards by which people define what is good or bad are called A) Principles. B) Values. C) Norms. D) Beliefs.
B) Values.
9. Which of the following is NOT an example of new media? a. Barnes and Noble b. Twitter c. Facebook d. The Kindle
Barnes and Noble
When people insist on visiting doctors while they can have computer diagnosis and medication, this is an example of: A) culture wars. B) cultural leveling. C) cultural lag. D) cultural relativism.
C) cultural lag.
20. Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan b. Erik Erikson c. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kholberg
Carol Gilligan
Cultural deviance theory
Clifford shaw and Henry McKay
Differential association
Edwin Sutherland
7. Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? a. Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production b. Holding hands with your best friend c. Incest taboos d. Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
Incest taboos
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: a. Clear division of labor b. Impersonality c. Explicit rules d. Personality-based promotion
Personality-based promotion
Strain theory
Robert Merton
8. Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System? a. The police b. The jury c. The courts d. The corrections system
The jury
16. Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
Utilitarian organization
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a) Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. b) Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey." c) Letting Kim wear pants to school. d) Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
a) Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? a) Receive corroboration from the field b) Research existing sources c) Report results d) Formulate a hypothesis
a) Receive corroboration from the field
The term values can be defined as: a) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c) Scripture found within the Bible. d) Federal laws and regulations.
b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. a) Paradigms b) Ethnocentrism c) Moral relativism d) Xenocentrism
b) Ethnocentrism
Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? a) An experiment b) Secondary data analysis c) Field research d) A survey
b) Secondary data analysis
Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a) Developing her sense of morality. b) A degradation ceremony. c) Anticipatory socialization. d) Developing her sense of self.
c) Anticipatory socialization
____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. a) Comte; Antipositivism b) Durkheim; Communism c) Karl Marx; Communism d) Max Weber; Positivism
c) Karl Marx; Communism
qualitative soci
in-depth interviews, focus groups, et/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data
social fact
laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fsahions, rituals, et all the cultural rules that govern social life
10. The United States Government is a form of: a. A bureaucracy b. A coercive organization c. A total institution d. A normative organization
A bureaucracy
cultural universal is: a. An object or a belonging of a group. b. A pattern or trait common to all societies. c. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. d. A written document outlining appropriate behavior.
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
Language, religion, values, ideas, the arts, and music are example of _____. A) Non-material culture B) Material culture C) A cultural universal D) The counterculture
A) Non-material culture
1. Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n): a. Dyad b. Triad c. In-group d. Aggregate
Aggregate
Parrotheads represent a: A) counterculture B) subculture C) cultural innovation D) cultural war
B) subculture
16. Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism
Conflict theory
---------- takes place when cultures become similar to one another as a result of travel and communication. A) Cultural universal. B) Cultural lag. C) Cultural diffusion. D) Cultural leveling.
D) Cultural leveling.
15. True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime? a. True b. False
False
18. This is a product of ___. a. Cyberfeminism b. Media globalization c. Technological imbalance d. Corporate isolation
Media globalization
7. Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have? a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict
Symbolic Interactionist
5. Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______. a. The looking-glass self b. The resocialization process c. A degradation ceremony d. Poor parenting
The looking glass self
hypothesis
a testable proposition
macro-level
a wide scale view of the role of social structures within a society
The term language can be defined as: a) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. b) Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values. c) The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. d) Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world
a) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
Which of the following is NOT an example of new media? a) Barnes and Noble b) Twitter c) The Kindle d) Facebook
a) Barnes and Noble
sociological imagination
ability to understand how your past related to other people, as well as to history in general et societal structures in particular
Which of the following men coined the term positivisim, and is widely considered the father of sociology? a) Karl Marx b) Auguste Comte c) Max Weber d) Émile Durkheim
b) Auguste Comte
Using one's body to communicate with others may be referred to as: A) Cultural relativism. B) Ethnocentrism. C) Gestures. D) Culture shock
c) Gestures.
culture
group's shared practices, values, et beliefs
positivism
the scientific study of social patterns
3. What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime? a. A violent crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics. b. A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not. c. A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not. d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics.
A hate crime is based on a persons race, religion, or other characteristics
2. Reliability is defined by the text as: a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
2. What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal. b. A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships. c. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. d. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face to face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal
8. The term interpretive framework can be defined as: a. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. c. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.
15. The term language can be defined as: a. Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. c. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. d. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
2. The term deviance can be defined as: a. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring. b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. c. Social reward for the violation of norms. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.
A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
"I disagree with such cultural practices as arranged marriages, eating rats, or bullfighting. However, I understand that within such cultures, these practices have logical and reasonable explanations." This statement can best be described as an example of: A) Cultural relativism. B) Ethnocentrism. C) Culture shock. D) Universal values.
A) Cultural relativism.
Is the concept of "cultural universals" reality or a myth? A) Cultural universals are real, represented by the practices of courtship, marriage, funerals, playing games, singing, and incest taboos everywhere. B) It's a myth. Human cultures are very much different in courtship, marriage, funerals, playing games, singing, and incest taboos. C) Cultural universals, such as anger, fear, anxiety, and happiness are found everywhere around the world. D) It's a myth. Human cultures are very much different in the expression of as anger, fear, anxiety, and happiness.
A) Cultural universals are real, represented by the practices of courtship, marriage, funerals, playing games, singing, and incest taboos everywhere.
Sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow A) Real culture. B) Ideal culture. C) Universal culture. D) None of the above.
A) Real culture.
A _________ is something to which people attach meaning and then use to communicate with others. A) Symbol B) Gesture C) Norm D) Facial expression
A) Symbol
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? A) The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club. B) Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes. C) Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. D) Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out.
A) The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
When a group of very peaceful people play music at airports (begging for living) and practice celibacy, they represent a: A) counterculture B) subculture C) cultural innovation D) cultural war
A) counterculture
The KKK, Branch Davidians, and New Nazis represent: A) countercultures B) subcultures C) cultural innovations D) cultural wars
A) countercultures
Greetings, wearing pressed clothes, and taking showers after exercise are all examples of ---------. A) folkways. B) mores. C) sanctions. D) taboos. E) moral holidays.
A) folkways.
About 70% of Americans said in a survey that religion played an important role in their life. However, when they were asked more detailed questions, only about 40% turned to be truly religious. This gap represents the difference between the: A) real culture and ideal culture. B) cultural lag and cultural leveling. C) regional culture and cultural universals . D) subcultures and countercultures.
A) real culture and ideal culture.
12. Strain theory: a. Argues that morality is based on wealth. b. Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle. c. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals. d. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.
Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable Gail's and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
10. Education is important to society because: a. It teaches children facts about the world in which they live. b. It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces. c. It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations. d. All of the above
All
11. The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle? a. The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes. b. Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult. c. Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable. d. All of the above
All
4. Which of the following is an example of a learned custom? a. Marrying for love b. Shoving and pushing on the metro c. Greeting an acquaintance with a handshake d. All of the above
All of the above
13. During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it: a. A total institution b. An incomplete institution c. An excellent cross section of the population d. A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study
An incomplete institution
18. In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a. An innovation b. A discovery c. A culture lag d. A cultural universal
An innovation
5. A total institution can be defined as: a. A business which offers career advice for federal employees. b. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making. c. A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy. d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.
An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total Resocialization occurs
15. Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a. A degradation ceremony. b. Developing her sense of self. c. Anticipatory socialization. d. Developing her sense of morality.
Anticipatory socialization
19. In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use? a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Oligarchy
Authoritarian
A cultural universal is: A) An object or a belonging of a group. B) A pattern or trait common to all societies. C) The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. D) A written document outlining appropriate behavior.
B) A pattern or trait common to all societies.
The term language can be defined as: A) Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. B) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. C) The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. D) Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.
B) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
According to William Ogborn, cultural lag means that the: A) Nonmaterial aspects of culture change first, followed by change in technology. B) Material aspects of culture (technology) change first, followed by change in behavior or ideas. C) some cultures are lagging behind other because of religious differences. D) spread of industrialization also led to improving the standard of living.
B) Material aspects of culture (technology) change first, followed by change in behavior or ideas.
MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. A) High culture; popular culture B) Popular culture; high culture C) High culture; low culture D) Jersey culture; low culture
B) Popular culture; high culture
Rape, theft, and murder are examples of the violation of ---------. A) folkways. B) mores. C) sanctions. D) taboos. E) moral holidays.
B) mores.
10. Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction? a. Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS. b. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine. c. Eleanor being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher. d. Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke dhring her comedy routine
3. Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a. Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. c. Letting Kim wear pants to school. d. Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey."
Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with
Which one of the following statements is the most accurate about culture? A) Culture refers to such non-material components as language, religion, and music. B) Culture refers to such non-material components as language, religion, music, painting, recipes, customs, traditions, and celebration of certain events. C) Culture refers to the material objects people use, such as cell phones, as well as such non-material components as language, religion, and music. D) The concept of culture is almost impossible to define because of the worldwide diversity in practices and behaviors.
C) Culture refers to the material objects people use, such as cell phones, as well as such non-material components as language, religion, and music.
_________ is the disorientation people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture. A) Cultural relativism B) Ethnocentrism C) Culture shock D) Patriotism.
C) Culture shock
Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? A) Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production B) Holding hands with your best friend C) Incest taboos D) Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
C) Incest taboos
Frowns, stares, clenched jaws, raised fists, and fines are examples of ---------. A) folkways. B) mores. C) sanctions. D) taboos. E) moral holidays.
C) sanctions.
8. How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? a. Newspaper advertising revenue has greatly increased, while online advertising revenue has fallen. b. Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly. c. Magazine revenue has risen steadily, while online and newspaper revenue have fallen dramatically. d. Online advertising revenue has fallen slightly, while newspaper advertising revenue has increased greatly.
Cable and online revenue have remained gravely unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly
15. A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
Coercive organization
16. Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
Conflict
16. Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict
Conflict
13. Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. Consumer-oriented discretion b. Laissez-faire leadership c. Conformity d. Out-group dynamics
Conformity
14. Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime? a. Street crime b. Corporate crime c. Violent crime d. Institutional crime
Corporate crime
1. In the late 2000's, Ugg Boots became a major fashion fixture, sported by everyone from celebrities to college students. The Ugg boots craze is an example of a _____ trend within the United States. a. Societal b. Countercultural c. Cultural d. Counterintuitive
Cultural
8. Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. a. Behavioral normativity b. Cultural imperialism c. Material culture d. Ideal culture
Cultural imperialism
10. Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. a. Cultural imperialism b. Culture shock c. Material culture d. Xenocentricism
Culture shock
Which of the following is NOT true? A) Language allows human experience to be cumulative. B) Language provides a social or shared past. C) Language allows shared, goal-directed behavior. D) Language provides a universal set of norms. Question 20
D) Language provides a universal set of norms. Question 20
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? A) Driving on the right hand side of the road B) Crossing streets on cross-walks C) Paying taxes D) Making eye contact while speaking
D) Making eye contact while speaking
What is a difference between a more and a folkway? A) Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not. B) Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not. C) Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. D) Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
D) Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Firefighters form a _________. A) counterculture. B) pluralistic culture. C) work-ethic culture. D) subculture.
D) subculture.
Culture wars happen when: A) a society attacks another through the non-material aspects of culture, such as movies, music, literature, and fashion. B) members of one society accept values of another as a result of war. C) the arts and religion are used as weapons of the class struggle. D) traditionalists resist change to their core values.
D) traditionalists resist change to their core values.
1. Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. Differential association theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Opaque theory
Differential association theory
1. Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media
Digital divide
3. Susan travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. a. Paradigms b. Xenocentrism c. Moral relativism d. Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
4. Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) ¬¬¬¬_____. a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experiment d. Secondary data analysis
Ethnography
4. After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a. Digital divide b. Design patent c. Stolen technology d. Evolutionary model of technological change
Evolutionary model of technological change
9. Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? a. Field research b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis
Field research
6. The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: a. Dynamic equilibrium b. Latent functions c. Dramaturgical analysis d. Figuration
Figuration
12. Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: a. Social control b. The great divide c. Gatekeeping d. Discriminatory journalism
Gatekeeping
verstehen
German --> to understand in a deep way
14. What is a negative risk of media globalization? a. Social media spreading awareness about social causes. b. Accessible technology being made available to remote societies. c. The spread of computer literacy. d. Governments censoring information for their benefit.
Governments censoring info for their benefit
14. The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. c. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself
5. Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a. Homogenization b. Telecommunication c. Fragmentation d. Illiteration
Homogenization
Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination: a. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
2. Erik Erikson's theory explains: a. Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. b. How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. c. When human moral development begins in an individual. d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
4. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? a. When they are born. b. When they first go to school. c. In their teenage years d. After they graduate from college.
In their teenage years
3. John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops b. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades c. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
6. Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n): a. Expressive function b. Intrinsic function c. Elementary function d. Instrumental function
Instrumental function
7. An instrumental leader: a. Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported. b. Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader. c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. d. Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.
Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
7. Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology b. It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. c. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. d. It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model.
It declined the differences between soc and psych
17. What is the importance of interpretive framework? a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. b. It eliminates the need for a literature review. c. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.
13. In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? a. Strain theory b. Control theory c. Differential association d. Labeling theory
Labeling theory
8. Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Republican
Laissez-faire
Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a. Driving on the right hand side of the road b. Crossing streets on cross-walks c. Paying taxes d. Making eye contact while speaking
Making eye contact while speaking
3. Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: a. Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter. b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta. c. Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Carnage practices on the second floor. d. The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair.
Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
What is a difference between a more and a folkway? a. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not. b. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not. c. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
8. It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development
Nature vs. Nurture
7. Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a. Necessary; it challenged people's views. b. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior. c. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. d. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.
Necessary; it challenged people's views
6. Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____. a. Non-material culture b. Material culture c. A cultural universal d. The counterculture
Non-material culture
15. Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? a. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c. Observing study participants without their consent d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
Observing study participants without their consent
16. MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. a. High culture; popular culture b. Popular culture; high culture c. High culture; low culture d. Jersey culture; low culture
Popular culture; high culture
4. Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: a. Positive informal sanction b. Negative informal sanction c. Positive formal sanction d. Negative formal sanction
Positive formal sanction
9. Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative
Quantitative
4. When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____. a. Out-group b. Reference group c. Aggregate d. Secondary group
Reference group
19. Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. a. Literacy b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Reliability
Reliability
12. Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a. A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b. A shift in her reading habits. c. Resocialization. d. A complete and permanent loss of herself.
Resocialization
3. Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence? a. Evangeline refuses to purchase a Droid or an iPhone because her Razor phone has been in perfect shape for the past 6 years. b. Target offers a "buy two, get one free" sale on Blue Ray discs. c. Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced. d. Jerome spills coffee on his MacBook, and it ruins the keyboard.
Sarah's iPod breaking just as the newest iPod nano is being introduced
1. Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a. Ethnography b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis
Secondary data analysis
12. Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a. Formal sanction b. Xenocentricism c. Social control d. Ethnocentricity
Social control
1. During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a. Socialization b. The looking glass self c. Resocialization d. Anticipatory socialization
Socialization
17. Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines? a. Karl Marx b. Solomon Asch c. Ivan Pavlov d. Émile Durkheim
Solomon asch
13. _____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a. Symbolic Interactionists b. Conflict Theorists c. Structural Functionalists d. Social Individualists
Structural Functionalists
17. Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory
Structural functionalism
18. Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory
Symbolic interactionism
17. After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. a. Conflict theorist b. Structural functionalist c. Symbolic interactionist d. Feminist conflict theorist
Symbolic interactionist
11. Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a. Republican b. Technophile c. PC person d. Neo-Luddite
Technophile
5. A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________. a. The Authority Effect b. The Regressive Effect c. The Hawthorne Effect d. The Cognizant Effect
The Hawthorne Effect
2. E-readiness can be defined as: a. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. b. the application of science to solve problems in daily life. c. the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions. d. the electronic waste created by consumers.
The ability to sort through, intrepret, and process digital knowledge
20. The term institutionalization can be defined as: a. The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. c. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. d. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.
The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
20. The term cyberfeminism is defined by the text as: a. The application to and promotion of feminism online. b. The removal of feminist social activism from the physical world to the online world. c. The threat of sexism overtaking internet message boards. d. The growing number of young girls who are becoming addicted to World of Warcraft.
The application to and promotion of feminism online
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club. b. Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes. c. Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. d. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out.
The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.
9. Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe: a. They are too weak to decide for themselves. b. The group is better informed than they are. c. Dissent is a form of weakness. d. Large groups never make mistakes.
The group is better informed than they are
19. Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of: a. The influences of a total institution b. The generalized other c. The influences of one's peer groups d. The hidden curriculum of schools
The hidden curriculum of schools
12. The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions. b. The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States. c. The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal. d. The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths.
The increasing presence of the fast-food business module in common social institution
18. When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out-Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture
The mcdonalization of society
5. While examining the recent mortgage crisis, a sociologist would consider all but which of the following factors? a. The number of U.S. economic analysts b. The American perception of debt c. The shifting class structure within the U.S. d. U.S. unemployment rates
The number of U.S. economic analysts
6. Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage b. The play stage c. The game stage d. The "generalized other" stage
The prep stage
11. Social control is: a. An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives. b. A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law. c. A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.
The regulation and enforcement of norms
6. The term technological diffusion is defined as: a. The spread of technology across borders. b. The global lack of access to online media. c. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly. d. The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public.
The spread of technology across borders
10. The term media globalization can be defined as: a. The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b. The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c. The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d. The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas
12. Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? a. To guarantee the safety of their participants b. To maintain value neutrality c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers d. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Control theory
Travis hirschi
9. Parents often socialize their children to: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people
Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
9. The term secondary deviance can be defined as: a. When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations. b. When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others. c. When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices. d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.
When a persons self concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
5. Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? a. Karl Marx b. Carl Sagan c. Émile Durkheim d. C. Wright Mills
Wright mills
functionalism
a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological et social needs of individuals that make up today's society
The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b) A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c) When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand d) An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed
a) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
Qualitative sociology can be defined as: a) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b) Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. c) Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants. d) Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.
a) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? a) The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account b) The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. c) The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school. d) The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.
a) The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
Parents often socialize their children to: a) Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow b) Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people c) Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow d) Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences
a) Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
reification
an error of treating an abstract concept as through it has a real, material existence
constructivism
an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be
The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a) A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. b) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. c) The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. d) A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.
b) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
A paradigm can be defined as: a) The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated b) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. c) Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society d) The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion
b) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a) Anticipatory socialization b) Socialization c) The looking glass self d) Resocialization
b) Socialization
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Feminist Theory b) Structural Functionalism c) Symbolic Interactionism d) Conflict
b) Structural Functionalism
The debate about net neutrality consists of two main sides. Which of the following is one of those sides? a) Companies should invest in making improvements to their Internet service or expanding those services to underserved areas. b) Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods. c) People should pay Internet providers a premium for faster service, since you pay for what you get. d) Designating those who provide Internet service as common carriers would constitute a reasonable regulatory burden.
b) Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods.
In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a a) Social relativism b) Subculture c) More d) Formal Sanction
b) subculture
On Wednesday nights, Joshua attends meetings for Young Life, a Christian-oriented youth group, with his friends, and church on Sunday with his family. This is an example of shared _____ within Joshua's culture. · social status · doctrines · beliefs · schedules
beliefs
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a) A symbolic interactionist b) A functionalist c) A conflict theorist d) A cyberfeminist
c) A conflict theorist
How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? a) Magazine revenue has risen steadily, while online and newspaper revenue have fallen dramatically. b) Online advertising revenue has fallen slightly, while newspaper advertising revenue has increased greatly. c) Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly. d) Newspaper advertising revenue has greatly increased, while online advertising revenue has fallen.
c) Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly.
Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. a) Experiment b) Overview c) Case study d) Data analysis
c) Case study
Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? a) Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles b) Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c) Gathering data from government studies d) Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons
c) Gathering data from government studies
What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Beatniks b) Hippies c) Hipsters d) Hepcats
c) Hipsters
Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a) Telecommunication b) Illiteration c) Homogenization d) Fragmentation
c) Homogenization
Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. a) Control group b) Experimental group c) Independent variable d) Dependent variable
c) Independent variable
Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a) It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. b) It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. c) It defined the differences between sociology and psychology d) It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model.
c) It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.
c) Resocialization.
Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a) Primary data b) Interactive data c) Secondary data d) Tertiary data
c) Secondary data
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Conflict b) Structural Functionalism c) Symbolic Interactionism d) Exchange Theory
c) Symbolic Functionalism
From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a) Life changing function b) Social norm function c) Entertainment function d) All of the above
d) All of the above
According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a) A religious belief b) A law c) A custom d) All of the above are social facts
d) All of the above are social facts
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a) Structural Functionalism b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Behaviorism d) Conflict Theory
d) Conflict Theory
What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? a) Symbolic interactionism b) Antipositivism c) Criticism d) Constructivism
d) Constructivism
Society and culture _____. a) Are unrelated b) Could not exist together c) Are the same thing d) Could not exist without each other
d) Could not exist without each other
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a) Technological pause b) Digital divide c) Computer lag d) New media
d) Digital Divide
After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a) Stolen technology b) Digital divide c) Design patent d) Evolutionary model of technological change
d) Evolutionary model of technological change
Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a) Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions b) Methodically predict situational outcomes c) Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent d) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
d) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a) Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. b) Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove. c) Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona. d) Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
d) Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
Erik Erikson's theory explains: a) Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. b) How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. c) When human moral development begins in an individual. d) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
d) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a) They are both macro-level. b) They are both micro-level. c) Micro-level; macro-level d) Macro-level; micro-level
d) Macro-level; micro-level
In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a) Literature review b) Dependent variables c) Secondary data analysis d) Participant observation
d) Participant observation
Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a) Xenocentricism b) Formal sanction c) Ethnocentricity d) Social control
d) Social Control
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a) The disco invasion of the 1970's b) The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's c) The yuppie craze of the 1980's d) The hippie movement of the 1960's
d) The hippie movement of the 1960's
Xenocentrism is: a) The opposite of cultural relativism b) The opposite of cultural universalism c) The same as cultural imperitivism d) The opposite of ethnocentrism
d) The opposite of ethnocentrism
Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a) The "generalized other" stage b) The preparatory stage c) The game stage d) The play stage
d) The play stage
The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
Verstehen is defined by the text as: a) To maintain a moral conscience. b) To require proof of interpretation. c) To compare and contrast social facts. d) To understand in a deep way.
d) To understand in a deep way.
society
group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another et who share a common culture
15. Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. a. latent; manifest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent d. latent; latent
manifest; latent
social institutions
patterns of beliefs et behaviors focused on meeting social needs
paradigms
philosophical et theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, et the experiments performed in support of them
figuration
process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual et the society that shapes that behavior
theory
proposed explanation about social interactions or society
dysfunctions
social patterns that habe undesirable consequences for the operation of society
social solidarity
social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, et religion
manifest functions
sought consequences of a social process
significant others
specific individuals that impact a person's life
dynamic equilibrium
stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly
quantitative soci
statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants
Sociology is defined as the: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Theoretical examination of life's origins.
systematic study of society and social interaction
dramaturgical analysis
technique sociologists use in which they view society though the metaphor of theatrical performance
generalized others
the organized et generalized attitude of a social group
function
the part of a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole et contribution it makes to structural continuity
micro-level theories
the study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups
sociology
the systematic study of society et social interaction
latent functions
the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process
symbolic interationism
theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language et symbols)
conflict theory
theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources
antipositivism
view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent socialprocesses, cultural norms, and societal values
11. Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit? a. Karl Marx b. Max Weber c. Herbert Spencer d. Émile Durkheim
Émile Durkheim