sociology ch. 15, 20, & 21 questions

The population of the planet doubled in fifty years to reach _______ in 1999? a. 6 billion b. 7 billion c. 5 billion d. 10 billion

a. 6 billion

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? a. Functional perspective b. Symbolic interactionist perspective c. Conflict perspective d. Feminist perspective

a. Functional perspective

What are the two primary methods of waste disposal? a. Landfill and incineration b. Incineration and compost c. Decomposition and incineration d. Marine dumping and landfills

a. Landfill and incineration

Which of the following organizations isnotan example of a social movement? a. National Football League b. Tea Party c. Greenpeace d. NAACP

a. National Football League

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is notan example? a. Population growth b. Medical advances c. The Internet d. Genetically engineered food

a. Population growth

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b. Emphasis on religion as providing social support c. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life d. None of the above

a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna b. the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate c. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family d. Quakers and Pentecostals

a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna

What does cornucopian theory believe? a. That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates b. That new diseases will always keep populations stable c. That the earth will naturally provide enough for whatever number of humans exist d. That the greatest risk is population reduction, not population growth

a. That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates

Which is an example of environmental racism? a. The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas b. Greenpeace protests c. The prevalence of asbestos in formerly "whites only" schools d. Prejudice similar to racism against people with different environmental views than one's own

a. The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas

What does human ecology theory address? a. The relationship between humans and their environments b. The way humans affect technology c. The way the human population reduces the variety of nonhuman species d. The relationship between humans and other species

a. The relationship between humans and their environments

What types of municipal projects often result in environmental racism? a. Toxic dumps or other objectionable projects b. The location of schools, libraries, and other cultural institutions c. Hospitals and other health and safety sites d. Public transportation options

a. Toxic dumps or other objectionable projects

What led to the creation of the exurbs? a. Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city b. The high cost of suburban living c. The housing boom of the 1980s d. Gentrification

a. Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________. a. prognostic framing b. diagnostic framing c. motivational framing d. frame transformation

a. prognostic framing

While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________. a. social movement industry b. social movement sector c. social movement party d. social industry

a. social movement industry

Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of: a. the digital divide b. human ecology c. modernization theory d. dependency theory

a. the digital divide

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______. a. the environment b. modernization c. social structure d. new social movements

a. the environment

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior? a. A soldier questioning orders b. A group of people interested in hearing an author speak c. A class going on a field trip d. Going shopping with a friend

b. A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

How does gentrification affect cities? a. They become more crowded. b. Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas. c. Traffic issues, including pollution, become worse. d. All of the above

b. Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas.

Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up? a. Incinerators b. Recycled in peripheral nations c. Repurposed into new electronics d. Dumped into ocean repositories

b. Recycled in peripheral nations

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? a. Functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict theory d. Feminism

b. Symbolic interactionism

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: a. evolution and natural selection b. capitalism c. determinism d. prejudice and discrimination

b. capitalism

A cultural universal is something that: a. addresses all aspects of a group's behavior b. is found in all cultures c. is based on social norms d. may or may not be of value in meeting social needs

b. is found in all cultures

A sect: a. has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals c. is another term for a cult d. All of the above

b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals

A functionalist would address which issue? a. The way inner-city areas become ghettoized and limit availability to jobs b. The way immigration and emigration trends strengthen global relationships c. The way racism and sexism impact the population composition of rural communities d. The way humans interact with environmental resources on a daily basis

b. the way immigration and emigration trends strengthen global relationships

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? a. India b. Europe c. China d. The Middle East

c. China

Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? a. Functional b. Symbolic interactionist c. Conflict theory d. Feminist perspective

c. Conflict theory

In the concentric zone model, Zone B is likely to house what? a. The city's industrial center b. Wealthy commuter homes c. Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments d. Rural outposts

c. Formerly wealthy homes split into cheap apartments

What does carrying capacity refer to? a. The ability of a community to welcome new immigrants b. The capacity for globalism within a given ethnic group c. The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment d. The amount of weight that urban centers can bear if vertical growth is mandated

c. The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment

The "tragedy of the commons" is a reference to what? a. Global warming b. African landowners c. The common grazing lands in Oxford d. The misuse of private space

c. The common grazing

How are the suburbs of Paris different from those of most U.S. cities? a. They are connected by public transportation. b. There are more industrial and business opportunities there. c. They are synonymous with housing projects and urban poor. d. They are less populated.

c. They are synonymous with housing projects and urban poor.

Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what? a. How social movements develop b. What social purposes a movement serves c. What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement d. What individuals hope to gain from taking part in a social movement

c. What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement

According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are: a. irrational and impulsive b. often misinterpreted and misdirected c. able to develop their own definition of the situation d. prone to criminal behavior

c. able to develop their own definition of the situation

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations b. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion d. there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a. the protestant work ethic b. conflict management c. liberation theology d. justice work

c. liberation theology

China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies: a. human ecology b. dependency theory c. modernization d. conflict perspective

c. modernization

A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of ___________. a. structural conduciveness b. structural strain c. precipitating factors d. mobilization for action

c. precipitating factors

If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements. a. framing b. new social movement c. resource mobilization d. value-added

c. resource mobilization

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: a. referred to as the Apocrypha b. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text c. shared by Christianity and Islam d. no longer part of the Torah

c. shared by Christianity and Islam

Social movements are: a. disruptive and chaotic challenges to the government b. ineffective mass movements c. the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values d. the singular activities of a collection of groups working to challenge the status quo

c. the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values

In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? a. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. b. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. c. Religions often meet several basic needs. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Urbanization includes the sociological study of what? a. Urban economics b. Urban politics c. Urban environments d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city? a. Good environment with water and a favorable climate b. Advanced agricultural technology c. Strong social organization d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What are ways that human activity impacts the water supply? a. Creating sewage b. Spreading chemicals c. Increasing radioactivity d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What do Christianity and Islam have in common? a. Both believe in a single supreme god. b. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. c. Both believe in an afterlife. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? a. Catholic and Jewish b. Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians c. Scientology and Hare Krishna d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

What is NOT a negative outcome of shoreline dredging? a. Damaged coral reefs b. Death of marine life c. Ruined sea grass beds d. Reduction of human population

d. Reduction of human population

In 2014, what was the largest city in the world? a. Delhi b. New York c. Shanghai d. Tokyo

d. Tokyo

What three factors did Malthus believe would limit human population? a. Self-preservation, old age, and illness b. Natural cycles, illness, and immigration c. Violence, new diseases, and old age d. War, famine, and disease

d. War, famine, and disease

Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of: a. preserving peripheral nation cultural identity b. preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization c. avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were: a. a casual crowd b. a conventional crowd c. a mass d. an acting crowd

d. an acting crowd

Megachurches tend to have: a. a variety of male and female clergy b. numerous buildings in which to meet c. high attendance for only a limited time d. large arenas where services are held

d. large arenas where services are held

When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance. a. extension b. amplification c. bridging d. transformation

d. transformation