Sociology Chapter 1
The first goal of each scientific discipline is to ________.
explain why something happens
Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean ________.
to grasp by insight
During his career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?
Anthony has been an applied sociologist
The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.
Auguste Comte
The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.
Auguste Comte; Herbert Spencer
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________.
C. Wright Mills
The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.
C. Wright Mills
People all over the world, including college students, are breaking down national boundaries because of advances in communication, trade, and travel. This is referred to as ________.
Globalization
More than twenty years prior to the birth of Durkheim and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American social customs, was published by sociologist ________.
Harriet Martineau
The term "survival of the fittest," which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by ________.
Herbert Spencer
The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was ________.
Herbert Spencer
Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
Jane Addams
The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.
Karl Marx
The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________, ________, and ________.
Karl Marx; Sigmund Freud; Albert Einstein
The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was ________.
Lewis Coser
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.
Protestant ethic
What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?
She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.
Sue is an expert in interpreting gestures, silence, the use of space, and expressions people make in their daily interactions. In view of this, how would Sue's expertise be defined?
Sue is an expert in nonverbal interaction
The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.
Talcott Parsons
The book published by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1899 that analyzed how African Americans in a major United States city coped with racism was ________.
The Philadelphia Negro
What did Robert E. Park, Ernest Burgess, and George Herbert Mead have in common?
They were among the first faculty members in the sociology department at the University of Chicago.
The university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Small headed the department was ________.
University of Chicago
Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at _______ in 1890.
University of Kansas
The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.
W. E. B. Du Bois
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.
a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.
a structure
The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is ________.
anthropology
Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.
basic (or pure)
Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science?
biology
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
bourgeoisie; proletariat
According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.
capitalism
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.
class conflict
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
conflict theorists and structural functionalists
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
economics; religion
Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior?
external influence
At the first meeting of the American Sociological Society, attendees discussed the primary reason for sociology as the practical application to the improvement of social life. This goal of sociology was aligned with the discipline's ________ stage of development in the United States.
first
Capitalism is becoming the world's dominant economic system. This is referred to as ________.
globalization of capitalism
College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.
latent function
Functionalists and conflict theorists tend to focus on the ________, or large scale patterns of society, in conducting their analyses.
macro level
Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis.
macro-level
According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
manifest functions
The scientific method requires ________, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.
replication
The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.
social darwinism
Durkheim referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as ________.
social facts
The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
social integration
When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.
social location
The sociological perspective emphasizes how the social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by ________.
society
Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.
symbolic interactionists
What was the social event that most influenced Auguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together?
the French Revolution
What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists?
the scientific method
The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.
the sociological perspective (or imagination)
What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?
value neutrality