Sociology chapter 1- Exam 1

Which guideline is included in the American Sociological Association's Code of Ethics for conducting research? a. Researchers can share participant information as long as it is not privileged. b. Researchers must disclose all interpretations of the data they collect. c. Researchers should not disclose sources of financial support.

Researchers must disclose all interpretations of the data they collected

Which theoretical perspective would examine the meaning of the image of smoking a cigarette and its effects on society?

Symbolic Interactionism

T/F: According to the functionalist perspective, societies develop social structures (institutions) that persist because they play a part in helping society survive. These institutions include the family, education, government, religion, and the economy.

True

T/F: Although he founded functionalism and its emphasis on social order, sociologist Emile Durkheim observed that rapid social change and a more specialized division of labor produced strains leading to a breakdown in traditional organization, values, and authority.

True

T/F: British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte's work and was noted for her study of social customs in Great Britain and the United States.

True

Which research method is most widely used in the social sciences to study people's behavior and beliefs? a. Survey b. Experiment c. Participant observation d. Content analysis

a. Survey

Compared to quantitative research, qualitative research is more likely to a. use a larger sample. b. collect and analyze the data simultaneously. c. gather data in a laboratory setting. d. lend itself to statistical analysis.

b. collect and analyze the data simultaneously

Interest in the systematic study of people's behavior and ideas took hold during the nineteenth century in response to a. economic prosperity. b. industrialization and urbanization. c. religious influences. d. a focus on the arts and humanities.

b. industrialization and urbanization

Which type of research method studies social life in its natural setting by observing and interviewing people where they live, work, and play? a. Survey b. Secondary analysis c. Field research d. Experiment

c. Field Research

Sociologist C. Wright Mills coined the term __________ for the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society. a. positivism b. verstehen c. sociological imagination d. symbolic interactionist perspective

c. Sociological Imagination

Quantitative research is likely to involve a. subjectivity. b. interpretive descriptions. c. complex statistical techniques. d. analysis of underlying meanings and patterns.

c. complex statistical techniques

Sociology is defined as the a. systematic study of human society and social interaction. b. systematic study of groups and individuals. c. systematic study of premodern people. d. systematic study of individual human behavior.

A. systematic study of human society and social interaction

The __________ perspective states that societies develop social structures, or institutions, that persist because they play a part in helping society survive. a. postmodernist b. symbolic interactionist c. conflict d. functionalist

d. Functionalist

Marx's theory of society is based on the belief that a. people are the products of their social environments. b. the evolution of society follows the concept of "survival of the fittest." c. society consists of social statics and social dynamics. d. conflict between different economic classes is necessary for social change.

d. conflict between different economic classes is necessary for social change

Sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois observed that a dual heritage creates conflict for people of color: an identity conflict of being black and American. Du Bois referred to this duality as __________.

double-consciousness

A(n) __________ is a carefully designed situation in which the researcher studies the impact of certain variables on subjects' attitudes or behavior.

experiment

The term __________ refers to the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with sex differences.

gender

Critics of Durkheim have argued that _______________________.

his emphasis on structure overlooks the meanings that social phenomena hold for people

Breanna believes that Jarrod is upset with her because she interprets his tone of voice as angry. Although Jarrod states that he is not angry, from a symbolic interactionist perspective it is Breanna's __________ of the situation that is most real or believable to her.

interpretation

Robert K. Merton defined a manifest function as one that __________.

is intended by the participants

A major criticism of Spencer's theory of social Darwinism is that ______________ .

it may be used to justify racial/ethnic, gender, and class inequalities in society

Tom works on the assembly line at the local Ford automobile factory. According to Marx, Tom would be considered a member of the __________ because he does not own the means of production.

proletariat class

The first step in the "conventional" research model is to __________.

select and define the problem

A __________ is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

society

Analyzing the coal industry, which theoretical perspective would most likely look at the conflict of interests between coal companies and public health?

Conflict

Kevin works hard as a banker. He makes a good living and has a nice house and car. He believes that everyone should have to pay for his or her own higher education, and if that can't be done, the person shouldn't be able to earn a diploma. Which theory aligns with Kevin's views on inequality due to capitalism?

Conflict

T/F: Because of his radical views and emphasis on social action, not just the study of society, Karl Marx's work has been largely discredited today.

False

T/F: Quantitative research and qualitative research both follow the same research model.

False

__________ perspectives are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system composed of interrelated parts, each of which (ideally) contributes to the overall stability of the society.

Functionalist

British sociologist __________ translated and condensed Comte's work and was noted for her study of social customs in Great Britain and the United States.

Harriet Martineau

The settlement house movement is most closely associated with __________.

Jane Addams

Which of the following would be an example of a latent function of attending a university?

Learning how to behave on a date

A __________ analysis focuses on small groups rather than large-scale social structures.

Microlevel

To understand the process coroners use to determine whether or not a death is suicide, a sociologist works for six months in the coroner's office and spends as much time as possible observing coroners at work. This is an example of __________.

Participant observation