Sociology Chapter 1

Which discipline may by described as the systematic study of human society?

Sociology

A relationship by which two or more varirables change together is called

a correlation

Sports are a way to establish new relationships. Making new relationships is

a latent function of sports

Which sociological method is used for gathering information about issues that cannot be directly observed, is useful for descriptive and explanatory research and generates quantitative and or qualitative date

a survey

Which sociological method provides for in-depth responses but may produce a low return rate?

a survey

Theory building is guided by

a theoretical paradigm

Which sociological method is a geared toward explanatory research, generates quantitative data, and provides for relatively easy research replication?

an experiment

Which sociologist method provides for easy replication but has an artificial quality?

an experiment

Higher education causes greater earnings over a lifetime. In this example "higher education is"

an independent variable

A mental construct that represents some part of the world in a somewhat simplified form is a/an

concept

Theories are

confirmed, modified, or rejected through research

A ___ is really an educated guess about how variablas are linked

hypothesis

An unverified statement of a possible relationship between variables is called a

hypothesis

Where would a sociological perspective likely be developed and flourish?

in area experiencing social problems, or significant social changes

Empirical evidence is

information we are able to verify with our senses

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of the social structure are called

latent functions

Which orientation uses a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole?

macro-level

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

You are asked to determine the value of a variable in a specific case. What task have you been assigned

measurement

You wish to conduct exploratory and descriptive studies of people in a natural setting, using qualitative data. Your budgeted resources are meager. What method should you use?

participant observation

You wish to observe "natural behavior" and you are are unconcerned about replication. Which method should you use?

participant observation

In survey reserarch the people who are the focus of the research are called a

population

___is a way of understanding the world based on science

positivism

What is the term for the systematic plan for conduction research

research method

a part of a population that represents the whole is called a

sample

____is a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation

science

What is the term for a social patterns undesirable consequences for the operation of society?

social dysfunctions

Social structures have consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these consequences?

social functions

Which term describes relatively stable patterns of social behavior?

social structure, social functions

The framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change is the

social-conflict paradigm

The statement that social patterns benefit some people while depriving others epersses one of the insights of the

social-conflict paradigm

August Comte coined the term __ to refer to the study of society

sociology

An apparent, although false, association between two or more variables caused by some other variable is termed a

spurious correlation

The chief characteristic of the __ paradigm is its view of society as orderly and stable

structural-functional

The ___ paradigms paint societies in broad strokes

structural-functional and social conflict

The theoretical paradigm in sociology that assumes is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural-functional paradigm

A research method in which subjects respond to a series of items in a questionarire or interview is a/an

survey

Select the framework that assumes that society is nothing more that the shared reality that people construct as they interact with one another

symbolic interaction paradigm

The ___ paradigm is a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

symbolic interactions

Which sociological paradigm tends to ignore the importance of larger social structures in society?

symbolic-interaction paradigm

The sociological perspective was developed in the areas where

the greatest changes were taking place

A disadvantage of the interview format is that

the researcher may inadvertently influence the subject

What is the term for basic image of society that guides thinking and research

theoretical paradigm

A statement of how and why specific facts are related is called a/an

theory

which of the following is a manifest function of sports?

they are a way to provide physical conditioning

How many major theoretical paradigms are there in sociology

three

What is the term for a concept that has a value that changes from case to case?

variable

You are asked to measure the age of respndents to your survey. As soon as you apply the measure to each case, you have changed your concept "age" top a/an

variable

If one adopts the sociological perspective, he or she

will change commonly held beliefs