Sociology Chapter 5

The term social interaction refers to the ways in which people

respond to one another.

Which of the following are examples of how an ascribed status can influence an achieved status?

A female student is discouraged from pursuing a career as an engineer.,An older job applicant is rejected because he is perceived as being "out of touch."

A status that individuals attain through their own efforts is a(n) ______ status.

ACHIEVED assigned Assigned statuses (age, race, gender, etc.) are assigned at birth. master A master status may be either achieved or ascribed.

U.S. public schools are funded primarily through property taxes. This means children living in affluent communities go to schools that have better equipment and higher-paid teachers than children living in less wealthy communities. As a result, children in wealthier communities often receive a better education than children in impoverished communities. Which sociological theory best explains this problem?

Conflict Rationale: Correct!

True or false: Ascribed status and achieved status function independently of one another.

False Rationale: Ascribed status heavily influences achieved status.

True or false: Interactionists believe that our perception of reality is defined by objective aspects of social life.

False Rationale: Interactionists believe that reality is shaped by our perceptions, evaluations, and definitions, which are all subjective.

True or false: Ascribed statuses have the same social meanings in every society.

False. In some societies, such as in China, where the elderly are revered, calling someone "old" is a sign of respect. In the United States, calling someone "old" is generally deemed an insult.

True or false: Race/ethnicity and gender often function as master statuses, affecting an individual's potential to achieve a desired professional or social status.

In some countries, people of certain ethnicities (mistakenly referred to as races) are prohibited from excelling at the same rate as members of other ethnicities. In other countries, women are prevented from holding jobs or political office.

Integrated and persistent social networks focused on making sure society's core needs are met are called social

Institutions

Which of the following are true about achieved status?

It can be affected by an individual's ascribed status. An individual has some control over it.

f a specific group has the ability to deliberately affect the way we define and conceptualize our social reality, what do we know about that group?

It has power

If a specific group has the ability to deliberately affect the way we define and conceptualize our social reality, what do we know about that group?

It has power.

Which of the following best describes the interactionist perspective?

Our behavior is conditioned by our roles, statuses, groups, and institutions

According to the interactionist perspective, what shapes the meanings we attach to people's behaviors?

Our interactions with them and with the larger society

Lee is supervising her best friend at work and feels awkward about disciplining him. What is she experiencing?

Role conflict

If a woman keeps getting into trouble at work for taking time off to handle family emergencies, what is she experiencing?

Role conflict(Strain is when one role overwhelms a person. Two roles conflicting is role conflict.)

______ refers to socially defined positions within a group or society.

Status

Role ______ is the difficulty that arises when a single social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations.

Strain

What is the primary purpose of a coalition?

To bring people together to work toward a common goal

True or false: Race/ethnicity and gender often function as master statuses, affecting an individual's potential to achieve a desired professional or social status.

True In some countries, people of certain ethnicities (mistakenly referred to as races) are prohibited from excelling at the same rate as members of other ethnicities. In other countries, women are prevented from holding jobs or political office.

According to interactionists, which factors define our understanding of reality?

Various groups' power within society The standards and values of dominant groups Social interaction

According to interactionists, which factors define our understanding of reality?

Various groups' power within society, The standards and values of dominant groups, The standards and values of subordinate groups

Which of the following is an example of the ideal purpose of a coalition?

affluent and working-class residents working together to improve sidewalks and streets

What type of status is assigned at birth and includes a person's ethnicity, sex, and age?

ascribed

What type of status is assigned by society without regard to a person's unique talents or abilities?

ascribed

Which of the following are advantages for people who develop social networks?

empowering people by making several types of resources available,helping people find employment, making connections to people in other groups

functionalist view, conflict view, interactionist view

functionalist view functionalist view answer drop zone Institutions can be understood by the way they fulfill essential functions. correct toggle button unavailable Institutions can be understood by the way they fulfill essential functions. conflict view 2 of 3 conflict view conflict view answer drop zone Institutions exist to serve the needs of the groups in power. correct toggle button unavailable Institutions exist to serve the needs of the groups in power. interactionist view 3 of 3 interactionist view interactionist view answer drop zone Institutions influence the roles and statuses we accept. correct toggle button unavailable Institutions influence the roles and statuses we accept.

Integrated and persistent social networks focused on making sure society's core needs are met are called social

institutions.Recall that organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs are social institutions.

Sociologists use the term social ______ to describe the ways in which people respond to one another.

interaction

According to conflict theorists, major institutions help

maintain the privileges of the most powerful individuals

A status that dominates and determines a person's general position in society is called a(n) ______ status.

master(An ascribed status is assigned to a person by society, and it may or may not be a master status.)

According to the sociologist Herbert Blumer, our response to other people's behavior is based on the ______ we attach to their actions.

meaning

Your best friend decides that she likes the goth subculture. She begins to dress in black, hang out with new people, listen to new music, and act unlike her previous self. Sue has adopted the goths as a(n)

reference group.

A series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and indirectly to still more people is known as a social

network.

Sarah is looking for a job. Her friend Abdul tells his uncle, who then tells his friend. This process is called

networking.

The connections that individuals make with people in different social circles are known as social

networks.

There are a number of functions that a social institution must fulfill to survive. What are some of those functions?

preserving order teaching new recruits

What is a small group that is characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation called?

primary group

A group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior is called a(n)

reference group.

role conflict, role strain, role exit,social role

role conflict role conflict answer drop zone a woman with a business dinner scheduled on the same day as her son's birthday party correct toggle button unavailable a woman with a business dinner scheduled on the same day as her son's birthday party role strain 2 of 4 role strain role strain answer drop zone a man who finds it difficult to meet the expectations of his job correct toggle button unavailable a man who finds it difficult to meet the expectations of his job role exit 3 of 4 role exit role exit answer drop zone a child transitioning from living at home to living in a college dormitory correct toggle button unavailable a child transitioning from living at home to living in a college dormitory social role 4 of 4 social role social role answer drop zone a New York cab driver who is expected to know how to get around the city correct toggle button unavailable a New York cab driver who is expected to know how to get around the city

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given position or status is called a social

role. Rationale: Correct! The status is the position itself, not the expectations placed upon those who occupy the position.

Which type of group is formal, impersonal, and has little social intimacy or mutual understanding?

secondary group

Students who expect their professor to be knowledgeable about her subject and show up to class are holding the professor to a(n) ______ role.

social

The health care system, the mass media, and the government are all examples of

social institutions.

All social interaction takes place within a(n) ______, including those interactions that redefine social reality.

social structure

Students who expect their professor to be knowledgeable about her subject and show up to class are holding the professor to a(n) ______ role.

social we have an expectation of these roles such a cab driver know where they are going so they need to fulfill their role

"President of the United States," "mother," and "wife" are all examples of ______ positions.

status title Rationale: Recall that these positions are not titles but statuses.

Which of the following are elements of social structure?

statuses, groups, roles

Role ______ is the difficulty that arises when a single social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations.

strain

A person having a difficult time performing all of the duties required by their difficult and demanding job is experiencing role

strain, role strain, or strains

The meanings we attach to someone's behavior tend to reflect the norms and values of

the dominant culture.