Sociology Chapters 4, 6, & 7

Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds?

Status

Which type of formal organization do people typically join to make money?

Utilitarian organization

What is Robert Merton's term for focusing so much on rules and regulations that the organization cannot accomplish its goals?

Bureaucratic ritualism

Which type of leaders tend to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on its own?

Laissez-faire leaders

The term "McDonaldization of society" refers to:

McDonald's four organizational principles coming to dominate much of our society

What happened during the sexual counterrevolution in the United States?

More people began to limit their number of sexual partners and some chose to abstain from sex entirely

Which of the following concepts refers to the weak social ties among persons who have little common identity and little interaction?

Network

Being an honors student is a good example of which of the following?

Achieved status

Which of the following concepts refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily taken on later in life?

Ascribed status

Sociologists use which of the following concepts to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?

Role

Assume a plant supervisor wishes to be a good friend and a confidant to the workers, but must remain distant to assess the workers' performance. Which of the following is involved?

Role strain

Which of the following concepts refers to the biological distinction between males and females?

Sex

Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people creatively shape their world as they interact?

Social construction of reality

Which theoretical approach highlights dimensions of inequality? It shows how sexuality both reflects patterns of social inequality and helps perpetuate them.

The social-conflict approach

Which theoretical approach highlights the contribution of any social patter to the overall operation of society. Because sexuality can have such important consequences, society regulates this type of behavior.

The structural-functional approach

Which theoretical approach explains how people sometimes construct very different realities, so the view of one group or society may well differ from those of another?

The symbolic-interaction approach

The concept "bureaucracy" refers to:

an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

Little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex is called:

asexuality

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves--that is, to keep themselves going--is caled:

bureaucratic inertia

Elite prostitutes--young, attractive, and well educated--are referred to as ; while are at the bottom of the sex-worker hierarchy.

call girls; streetwalkers

Queer theory is a body of research findings that

challenges the heterosexual bias in U.S. society

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:

dramaturgical analysis

A secondary group is a social group that:

is impersonal and tries to accomplish some specific goal

Formal organizations are:

large secondary groups organized to achieve goals efficiently

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the term:

primary group

Joan is an excellent artist and enjoys her work, but feels she cannot devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing:

role conflict

The development of breasts in females and deeper voices in males are examples of:

secondary sex characteristics

One norm found everywhere is the incest taboo, which refers to norms forbidding:

sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

The Thomas theorem states that:

situations defined as real are real in the consequences

At a given time, you occupy a number of statuses. Together, these form your:

status set