Sociology Exam 2 (chapters 4, 5, & 6)
Looking Glass Self (Cooley)
Charles Cooley; we evaluate self image through 1. How do I appear to others? 2. What must others think of me? 3. Revise how we think about ourselves.
Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.
False
Emile Durkheim believed
Group membership prevents a state of normlessness
Which of the following describes an interaction that occurs in copresence?
Having coffee with mom
How did Stanley Milgram test participants' obedience to authority?
He had "experimenters" coax "teachers" into shocking "learners"
Nature vs. Nurture
Heredity vs. Environment
traditional authority
Power due to custom, tradition, or accepted practice
After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing Nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the_____ by purchasing Nike sneakers. By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating _____.
Prescription; compliance
stigma
a label that alters self-concept and social identity
reference group
a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions (ex. "keeping up with the joneses")
out-group
any group with which an individual does not identify
legal-rational authority
authority based in laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader
Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?
conflict theory
role-taking emotions
emotions like sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or many other people and respond from that person or group's point of view
Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotion work focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and ___________.
flight attendants
Which of the following scenarios are violations of dominant feeling rules in the United States?
laughing and expressing joy at a funeral snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at her wedding
Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes.Which sociological concept best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?
looking glass self
Social media has the potential to increase the number of points of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of which sociological concept?
saturated self
The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?
social isolation
Works of fiction such as The Jungle Book are retellings of myths about feral children. These stories highlight the sociological concept of _______, but some real-world examples of kidnapping and abuse are no myth.
social isolation
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.
social loafing
secondary deviance
subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you
interaction
the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
aggregate
total
The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works.
true
Robert Putnam believed
Americans have drastically reduced their levels of civic engagement ever time
Dramaturgy
Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances
Which international business chain is referenced by George Ritzer's theory of spreading bureaucratic rationalization and increased efficiency?
McDonald's
Sherry Turkle believed
Societies value technology over relationships
Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?
agency
On which side of the nature vs. nurture debate do sociologists generally land?
nurture
emotional work (emotional labor)
the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion
Deviance
the recognized violation of cultural norms
Conflict Theory
theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?
Structural Functionalism
theoretical tradition claiming that every society has certain structures (the family, the division of labor, or gender) that exist to fulfill some set of necessary functions (reproduction of the species, production of goods, etc.)
When leadership styles do not match with traditional gender roles, the disconnect can lead to feelings of surprise or upset.
true
labeling theory
the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
primary deviance
the initial act of rule breaking
Socialization
The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture.
Symbolic Interactionism
a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions
charismatic authority
authority based on an individual's outstanding traits, which attract followers
Power is the ability to _____the actions of others and if legitimated, provides _____Power can be ____when it is backed by the threat of force, or _____when it is supported by persuasion.
control; authority; coercive, influential
Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.
family, peers, media, schools
instrumental leadership
group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
expressive leadership
group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being
Match each aspect of bureaucracy to the correct definition. impersonality hierarchy technical competence rules and regulations formal written communication specialization
impersonality - rules come before people (no special treatment) hierarchy - supervision of subordinates by higher ranking managers and bosses technical competence - members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization rules and regulations - These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible formal written communication - documents such as memos are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate specialization - all members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks