Sociology Exam 2 (chapters 4, 5, & 6)

Looking Glass Self (Cooley)

Charles Cooley; we evaluate self image through 1. How do I appear to others? 2. What must others think of me? 3. Revise how we think about ourselves.

Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.

False

Emile Durkheim believed

Group membership prevents a state of normlessness

Which of the following describes an interaction that occurs in copresence?

Having coffee with mom

How did Stanley Milgram test participants' obedience to authority?

He had "experimenters" coax "teachers" into shocking "learners"

Nature vs. Nurture

Heredity vs. Environment

traditional authority

Power due to custom, tradition, or accepted practice

After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing Nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the_____ by purchasing Nike sneakers. By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating _____.

Prescription; compliance

stigma

a label that alters self-concept and social identity

reference group

a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions (ex. "keeping up with the joneses")

out-group

any group with which an individual does not identify

legal-rational authority

authority based in laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader

Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?

conflict theory

role-taking emotions

emotions like sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or many other people and respond from that person or group's point of view

Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotion work focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and ___________.

flight attendants

Which of the following scenarios are violations of dominant feeling rules in the United States?

laughing and expressing joy at a funeral snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at her wedding

Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes.Which sociological concept best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?

looking glass self

Social media has the potential to increase the number of points of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of which sociological concept?

saturated self

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?

social isolation

Works of fiction such as The Jungle Book are retellings of myths about feral children. These stories highlight the sociological concept of _______, but some real-world examples of kidnapping and abuse are no myth.

social isolation

Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.

social loafing

secondary deviance

subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you

interaction

the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

aggregate

total

The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works.

true

Robert Putnam believed

Americans have drastically reduced their levels of civic engagement ever time

Dramaturgy

Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances

Which international business chain is referenced by George Ritzer's theory of spreading bureaucratic rationalization and increased efficiency?

McDonald's

Sherry Turkle believed

Societies value technology over relationships

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?

agency

On which side of the nature vs. nurture debate do sociologists generally land?

nurture

emotional work (emotional labor)

the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion

Deviance

the recognized violation of cultural norms

Conflict Theory

theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?

Structural Functionalism

theoretical tradition claiming that every society has certain structures (the family, the division of labor, or gender) that exist to fulfill some set of necessary functions (reproduction of the species, production of goods, etc.)

When leadership styles do not match with traditional gender roles, the disconnect can lead to feelings of surprise or upset.

true

labeling theory

the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

primary deviance

the initial act of rule breaking

Socialization

The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture.

Symbolic Interactionism

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions

charismatic authority

authority based on an individual's outstanding traits, which attract followers

Power is the ability to _____the actions of others and if legitimated, provides _____Power can be ____when it is backed by the threat of force, or _____when it is supported by persuasion.

control; authority; coercive, influential

Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.

family, peers, media, schools

instrumental leadership

group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks

expressive leadership

group leadership that focuses on the group's well-being

Match each aspect of bureaucracy to the correct definition. impersonality hierarchy technical competence rules and regulations formal written communication specialization

impersonality - rules come before people (no special treatment) hierarchy - supervision of subordinates by higher ranking managers and bosses technical competence - members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization rules and regulations - These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible formal written communication - documents such as memos are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate specialization - all members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks